Kèjiā chǎolǜ · thetea.app

Kèjiā Chǎolǜ (Kèjiā chǎolǜ, 客家炒绿) ndi “tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka”. Uyu si tiyi umodzi, koma gulu la (品类, pǐnlèi) tiyi wobiriwira amene m’madera a Ahakka amamaliza ndi kukazinga m’chikho. Dzina lokhazikika la gululi ndi 客家炒青绿茶 (Kèjiā chǎoqīng lǜchá), kawirikawiri amatchulidwanso 客家炒茶 ndi 客家绿茶. Malinga ndi mapulojekiti a miyezo ya bungwe la Guangdong Tea Society, amafalikira m’malo okhala Ahakka, m’maboma a Méizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu, Sháoguān, Jiēyáng ndi maboma ena a chigawo cha Guangdong; zolemba za Méizhōu zikuyika malire mokulirapo, ku madera a Ahakka a Guangdong, Fujian ndi Jiangxi. Amadziwika ndi fungo la mpunga wokazinga (炒米香, chǎomǐ xiāng) ndi kachulukidwe kamphamvu kokhala ndi kubwerera kokoma kwanthawi yayitali. Tiyi wosungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali wa gulu limeneli amaikidwa m’gulu lapadera, ndipo Ahakka eni ake, malinga ndi zolemba zomwezo, amatchula “tiyi wobiriwira wosungika”.

1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosapangidwa kupsya), mwa njira yoyanika, wokazinga: 炒青绿茶 (chǎoqīng lǜchá). Ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society (广东省茶叶学会, 2024) ikutanthauzira gululi motere: tiyi wochokera ku masamba, masamba ndi mapesi ofewa a zitsamba zapakati ndi zazing’ono, zomwe zimamera m’madera a Ahakka ku Guangdong, zomwe zimadutsa mukufalitsa, kukhazikitsa, kukulunga ndi kukazinga; mankhwala omalizidwa ndi 炒青绿茶.
Gulu: Gulu lachigawo la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka, osati mtundu wa chitsamba, osati malo amodzi, osati chizindikiro cha wopanga m’modzi. Ndemanga ya projekiti ya muyezo wophika (Méizhōu, 2025) imatchula 客家炒绿 kukhala “gulu lofunika la mafakitale a tiyi ku Méizhōu ndi madera ena a Ahakka”, ndi mbiri yakale yopanga, makhalidwe achimidzi, luso lapadera ndi khalidwe lozindikirika. Ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society imayika tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka m’magulu atatu akuluakulu a tiyi ku Guangdong, pamodzi ndi dancong ndi tiyi wofiira.
Chiyambi: China, makamaka chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng). Malire a dera akufotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana:
- mapulojekiti a miyezo ya Guangdong Tea Society (2024) ndi malo okhala Ahakka m’maboma a Méizhōu (梅州, Méizhōu), Héyuán (河源, Héyuán), Huìzhōu (惠州, Huìzhōu), Sháoguān (韶关, Sháoguān) ndi Jiēyáng (揭阳, Jiēyáng); mndandandawu ndi wotseguka, umatha ndi liwu loti 等, “ndi ena”;
- ndemanga ya projekiti ya muyezo wophika (Méizhōu, 2025) ndi madera a Ahakka a Guangdong, Fujian ndi Jiangxi (粤闽赣, Yuè Mǐn Gàn);
- nkhani ya sayansi ya 2026 ikuti tiyiyu ndi “wotchuka kwambiri” m’mapiri a kumwera chakum’mawa kwa China, kumene kumakhala Ahakka.
Malire sakugwirizana: mawu a chigawo (Guangdong) ndi a fuko (madera onse a Ahakka) amasiyana. Mu encyclopedia, tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka akufotokozedwanso kunja kwa Guangdong, ku Fujian (gawo 13).
Malo a geographical coordinates: Palibe malo amodzi a gululi: limakhudza maboma angapo, ndipo malo amadalira tiyi weniweni.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Mwambo. Zolemba zimatchula 客家炒绿 kukhala tiyi wachikhalidwe ndi mbiri yaitali: ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society imati ndi “umodzi mwa tiyi otchuka a mbiri yakale ya Guangdong” (广东传统历史名茶之一), ndemanga ya Méizhōu imati ndi mankhwala ndi mbiri yakale yopanga. Zolemba izi sizipereka masiku kapena umboni wolembedwa wakale. Olemba kafukufuku wa 2023 amatchula mapiri a Qīngliángshān (清凉山, Qīngliáng shān) ku Méizhōu kukhala malo amene tiyiyu akupangidwa kale.
- Tiyi wa mbiri ya Méizhōu. Nkhani ya atolankhani (2025) imati mwa tiyi asanu ndi anayi otchuka a mbiri ya Méizhōu, asanu ndi awiri ndi a 客家炒绿, koma siyitchula omwe eni; mndandanda wa asanu ndi anayiwo ulinso ndi oolong, kotero kuti umwini wa tiyi aliyense sungachokere pa mawu awa.
- 2022. Projekiti ya muyezo wa gulu la luso la “tiyi wobiriwira wa Ahakka wa fungo loyera” (客家清香型绿茶, Kèjiā qīngxiāngxíng lǜchá) idayikidwa: kulembetsa kudachitidwa ndi Guangdong Quality Inspection Association (广东省质量检验协会), projekitiyi idaperekedwa ndi Zhongkai Agricultural Engineering Institute (仲恺农业工程学院). Mawu oti 客家炒绿 kulibe m’chikalatacho.
- 2024. Guangdong Tea Society idayika mapulojekiti a miyezo ya kuyesa “tiyi wobiriwira wakale” (老绿茶, lǎo lǜchá) ndi luso la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga “wowuma” (冰鲜炒青绿茶, bīngxiān chǎoqīng lǜchá). M’mawu ofotokozera a mapulojekiti onsewa pali mawu amodzi omwewa okhudza gululi, mayina ake ndi dera.
- 2025, muyezo wophika. Ofesi ya zaulimi ya Méizhōu ndi Tea Research Institute ya Méizhōu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences adapereka muyezo wa gulu wa kuphika 《客家炒绿冲泡技术规程》, projekitiyo inalembetsedwa ndi Guangdong Quality Inspection Association. Malinga ndi nkhani ya atolankhani ya pa 6 June 2025, academyyo idatulutsa mwalamulo muyezowo pa chionetsero cha brand ya 客家炒绿 ku Beijing; mawu omaliza ndi nambala sanapezeke.
- 2025, mawu ofotokoza miyezo ya gulu. M’mawu ofotokoza a projekiti ya muyezo wophika atchulidwa miyezo ya gulu T/GDAQI 103 “客家炒绿” ndi T/GDAQI 104 “陈年客家炒绿”, opanda chaka. Malemba awo, masiku ndi mfundo zawo sizinapezeke. Malinga ndi nkhani ya atolankhani, muyezo wa gulu 《客家炒绿》 udapangidwa ndi Méizhōu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences pamodzi ndi makampani a tiyi.
- 2025, muyezo waderalo. Mu ndondomeko ya miyezo ya dera ya Méizhōu ya 2025 muli muyezo wochititsa wa luso la “客家炒青绿茶加工技术规程”; bungwe lotsogolera ndi Tea Research Institute ya Méizhōu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, nthawi ndi chaka chimodzi. Ngati watulutsidwa, sizinadziwike.
Dzina: 客家 (Kèjiā) ndi Ahakka, dzina la anthu; 炒 (chǎo) ndi “kukazinga”; 绿 (lǜ) ndi “wobiriwira”. Ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society imafotokoza dzinali chifukwa tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga amamwa ndi anthu a chinenero cha Ahakka (客家语系, Kèjiā yǔxì). Dzina lokhazikika ndi 客家炒青绿茶; mayina wamba ndi 客家炒茶 (Kèjiā chǎochá), 客家炒绿 ndi 客家绿茶 (Kèjiā lǜchá); mawonekedwe onse ndi liwu loti “tiyi” ndi 客家炒绿茶 (Kèjiā chǎolǜ chá). Dzina lakuti 客家绿茶 limamveka ngati “tiyi wobiriwira wa Ahakka” wamba ndipo popanda kufotokoza lingatanthauze tiyi wobiriwira aliyense wa Ahakka. Mayina achingelezi m’malemba ndi osiyana: Hakka roasted green tea mu projekiti ya muyezo wophika, Hakka stir-fried green tea mu nkhani ya sayansi ya 2023, Kejia green tea mu nkhani ya 2026. “Kèjiā Chǎolǜ” ndi kulembedwa kwa Cyrillic kwa dzina lachi China.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:
- Kwa Méizhōu. Malinga ndi ndemanga ya projekiti ya muyezo wophika, akuluakulu a Méizhōu adayika cholinga chopanga 客家炒绿 kukhala “brand yoyamba ya tiyi wobiriwira ku Guangdong”. Atolankhani mu 2025 adalemba za cholinga chosandutsa kukhala brand ya dziko lonse ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication, ndipo nyuzipepala ya “Yángchéng wǎnbào” mu 2026 idatchula 客家炒绿 m’gulu la mafakitale anayi ofunikira aulimi a bomalo, otchulidwa ngati “四个百亿”, “anayi pa mabiliyoni khumi” (ndalama sizinatchulidwe).
- Tiyi wosungika. Ndemanga ya Méizhōu imati 客家炒绿 akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo tiyi wosungidwa wa Ahakka amatchulidwa “温肚茶” (wēndù chá), “tiyi wotenthetsa mimba”, ndi “可存放的绿茶”, “tiyi wobiriwira wosungika”. Awa ndi mayina a anthu, osati kufotokoza zochita za tiyi.
- Msika. Olemba kafukufuku wa 2023 amalemba kuti “fungo la mpunga wokazinga” ndi kukoma kokoma kumayamikiridwa pamsika wa dera la Ahakka, m’madera a Ahakka akunja, pakati pa odziwa tiyi ndi omwe angoyamba kumwa.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Palibe mtundu umodzi. Malinga ndi ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society, zopangira ndi zitsamba zapakati ndi zazing’ono (中小叶种, zhōng xiǎo yè zhǒng), zomwe zimamera m’madera a Ahakka ku Guangdong. Olemba kafukufuku wa 2023 amati mwachidziwitso tiyi wotere akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a mtundu uliwonse, koma mwachizolowezi amatenga mitundu ina yokha, yomwe imapereka kukoma ndi fungo lodziwika.
Mtundu umasintha mbiri: Mu kafukufuku yemweyo adayerekezera magulu atatu ochokera ku mitundu itatu: tiyi wochokera ku mtundu wa Huángdàn adapereka fungo lofunikira lamaluwa, kuchokera ku mtundu wa Méizhān, fungo la mpunga wokazinga, kuchokera ku mtundu wakumaloko wa mapiri a Qīngliángshān, kusakaniza kwa mpunga wokazinga ndi kutsitsimuka. Panali gulu limodzi pa mtundu uliwonse, ndipo olemba eni amapempha kuti mfundo zitsimikizidwe pa zitsanzo zambiri.
Magawo am’deralo: Kafukufuku wa 2022 (magazini ya “Modern Food Science and Technology”, 现代食品科技) adapanga tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka kuchokera ku “gulu laling’ono la Ahakka la Guangdong” la 仙湖茶 (Xiānhú chá). Ngati likugwirizana ndi zopangira za tiyi wa Shàngguān Xiānhú Chá, gwero silinena.
Kututa: Nthawi yotuta ya gululi sinatchulidwe m’magwero otsimikizika. Zitsanzo za kafukufuku wa 2023 zidapangidwa m’nyengo yotuta ya September 2020.
Muyezo wa kututa: Malinga ndi nkhani ya atolankhani, muyezo wa gulu 《客家炒绿》 umakhazikitsa muyezo wa “tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu” (一芽二三叶, yī yá èr sān yè); malemba a muyezo sanawerengedwe. Zitsanzo za kafukufuku wosungira wa 2026 zidatutidwa malinga ndi muyezo wa “tsamba limodzi, masamba awiri”.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Malinga ndi tanthauzo la ndemanga, ndi tsamba, masamba ndi mapesi ofewa. Zina sizinapezeke m’magwero otsimikizika.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Madera a Ahakka ku Guangdong, m’mndandanda wa Guangdong Tea Society ndi Méizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu, Sháoguān ndi Jiēyáng. Nkhani ya sayansi ya 2026 imanena za madera amapiri a kumwera chakum’mawa kwa China, kumene kumakhala Ahakka.
Méizhōu: Zambiri zatsatanetsatane zili pa boma ili. Pano pali mapiri a Qīngliángshān, omwe olemba kafukufuku wa 2023 amatchula kukhala malo opangira kale, ndi chigawo cha Jiāolǐng (蕉岭, Jiāolǐng), kumene zitsanzo za kafukufuku wosungira wa 2026 zidachokera, kuchokera ku munda umodzi, ndi mikhalidwe yofanana yolima.
Kutalika, nyengo, dothi: Kwa gululi lonse sizinafotokozedwe m’magwero otsimikizika. Zimasiyana ndi tiyi aliyense, ndipo ziyenera kuyang’aniridwa m’nkhani za tiyi enieni a gululi (gawo 13).
Kunja kwa Guangdong: Mu encyclopedia, tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka akufotokozedwanso ku Fujian, Wǔpíng Lǜchá (武平绿茶) ndi mankhwala a “Liángyě Chǎolǜ” (梁野炒绿, liángyě chǎolǜ). Ngati amamuika mu 客家炒绿 magwero oyambira sakudziwika; chizindikiro chokha cha 炒绿 chimangotanthauza “wobiriwira wokazinga”.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society imayika ndondomeko yonse motere: kufalitsa, kukhazikitsa, kukulunga, kukazinga. Njira yapadera ya gululi, ndemanga ya Méizhōu imatchula “kukazinga kwakukulu” (重炒). Olemba kafukufuku wa 2026 amafotokoza lusoli ngati “kukazinga kwanthawi yaitali, mobwerezabwereza pa kutentha kwakukulu”: kumapereka kuwawa ndi kukhwima, kukoma kwakuthwa, kwamphamvu ndi fungo la “moto wapamwamba”, lodziwika kwa tiyi wotenthedwa kwambiri. Palibe ndondomeko imodzi yatsatanetsatane ya gululi lonse m’malemba owerengedwa: malemba a miyezo ya gulu T/GDAQI 103 ndi 104 sanawerengedwe, ndipo muyezo waderalo wa luso mu 2025 udangokonzedwa. Pansipa pali ndondomeko yonse ndi zitsanzo zolembedwa; manambala akukhudza zolemba ndi zitsanzo zenizeni.

Kufalitsa tsamba latsopano (摊青, tānqīng): Gawo loyamba la ndondomeko m’mafotokozedwe onse opezeka. Monga tiyi wina wobiriwira, tsamba limayalidwa kuti lifooke pang’ono. Zofunikira za gululi sizinatchulidwe.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha komwe kumayimitsa kusintha kwa tsamba. Kwa zitsanzo za kafukufuku wa 2026 (chigawo cha Jiāolǐng), m’chikho chotenthedwa pafupifupi 220–240 °C, kwa mphindi 3–5.
Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Pa zitsanzo zomwezo, pamanja kapena pa makina, mphindi 15–20.
Kukazinga (炒制, chǎozhì): Gawo lalikulu la gululi. M’malemba a Guangdong kukazinga kumachitika pambuyo pokulunga ndipo kumagwira ntchito yoyanika: projekiti ya muyezo wa 2022 imatanthauzira kukazinga ngati magawo oyanika; poyamba ntchito yake ndi kuchotsa madzi, pamapeto pake ndi kuyanika tsamba ndi kulikulunga mwamphamvu. Kukazinga kumakhala kangapo: pa zitsanzo za kafukufuku wa 2026, kunali kukazinga koyamba ndi kobwereza m’chikho, kenako kuyanika komaliza pa 70–80 °C mpaka chinyezi chochepera 6 %. Malinga ndi nkhani ya atolankhani, muyezo wa gulu 《客家炒绿》 umayika m’mfundo zazikulu “kuwongolera moto pang’onopang’ono” (分段火工调控, fēnduàn huǒgōng tiáokòng).
Ndondomeko sizofanana kulikonse: Mu kafukufuku wa 2023 zitsanzo zidapangidwa malinga ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika ya GB/T 14456.1-2008 motere: kufooketsa, kukhazikitsa, kukazinga, kukulunga, kuyanika ndi kumaliza, kutanthauza kuti kukazinga kudali pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, kukulunga kusanachitike.

Chitsanzo: projekiti ya muyezo wa “tiyi wobiriwira wa Ahakka wa fungo loyera” (2022). Iyi ndi projekiti ya tiyi umodzi wodziwika, ndipo mawu oti 客家炒绿 m’menemo kulibe, koma imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kukazinga kwa magawo ambiri. Ndondomeko: tsamba latsopano, kufalitsa (摊青), kukhazikitsa (杀青), kukulunga (揉捻), kukazinga kwachiwiri (炒二青, chǎo èrqīng), kuwongolera mawonekedwe (整形, zhěngxíng), kuzizira (摊放, tānfàng), kukazinga kwachitatu (炒三青, chǎo sānqīng), kumaliza (辉干, huīgān), tiyi womaliza, kusanja (分选, fēnxuǎn), kuyesa, kulongedza, kusunga.

Kukazinga kwachiwiri: chikho 200–220 °C, pafupifupi mphindi 15–30, makamaka mwa kuponya (抛炒, pāochǎo), mpaka tiyi “atayuma magawo asanu ndi awiri pa khumi” ndikuyamba kukanda dzanja pang’ono; mawonekedwe a tsamba panthawiyi amakhazikika.
Kuzizira: tiyi amayalidwa pa kutentha kwa chipinda kwa maola 1–4.
Kumaliza: pamanja, chikho 100–120 °C, maola 6–10, poyamba ndi mphamvu yaikulu, kenako ndi yochepa, mpaka chinyezi chochepera 6 %. Projekitiyi imalola kumaliza mu makina a ng’oma.
Kusanja mu ndondomeko iyi kumachitika pambuyo pa kumaliza, osati pakati pa kukazinga.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Pansipa pali zitsogozo zomwe projekiti ya muyezo wophika (2025) imapereka, ndi mafotokozedwe ochokera m’mawu a miyezo. Uku ndi kufotokoza kwa gululi lonse; tiyi weniweni akhoza kusiyana, kutengera mtundu ndi nthawi yosungidwa.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Lolimba, laling’ono, lobiriwira-otuwa ndi chinyezimiro (紧结, 匀整, 灰绿润). Chovala chotuwa pa tsamba ndi “灰白” kapena “chisanu” (起霜, qǐshuāng), projekiti imachiyerekeza ndi platinamu yopanda pukutira ndipo imatchula mtundu uwu “金砂” (jīnshā), ndipo maziko achikasu-obiriwira a tsamba ndi “翠” (cuì).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m’magwero otsimikizika. Projekiti ya muyezo wophika imafuna kuyesa fungo louma (干香, gānxiāng) mu mbiya yotenthedwa atangogwedeza katatu mopepuka (gawo 9).
Fungo la madzi: Fungo lapamwamba ndi latsopano lokoma la mpunga wokazinga (炒米甜香, chǎomǐ tiánxiāng) ndi kamvekedwe kokoma kapena ka uchi, malinga ndi projekiti ya muyezo. Ndemanga ya Méizhōu imawonjezera kuti mwa mitundu ina, fungo lamaluwa ndi la uchi limawonekera, ndipo fungo ndi lapamwamba ndi lokhalitsa; ndondomeko ya gululi mu ndemanga ndi “fungo lapamwamba ndi kumveka kokoma” (高香甜韵, gāo xiāng tián yùn). Magwero sakufotokoza ngati kufotokozaku kuli kwa tsamba louma kapena madzi.
Kukoma: Kwamphamvu, kolimba, kofewa, ndi kubwerera kokoma kwamphamvu (浓强, 醇厚, 回甘力强), malinga ndi projekiti ya muyezo; ndemanga ya Méizhōu imalemba za madzi amphamvu ndi kubwerera kokoma kwanthawi yaitali (回甘, huígān). Tiyi watsopano amakhala wowawa ndi wokhwima: olemba kafukufuku wa 2026 amagwirizanitsa izi ndi kukazinga kwanthawi yaitali pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo amati kwa ambiri kunja kwa madera a Ahakka kukoma koteroko kumaoneka ngati kowawa kwambiri ndi kwakuthwa.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira ndi kachikasu, wobiriwira ndi waukulu, wowala ndi wosasalala (汤色绿色为主，黄色为辅，明亮清澈).
Tsamba lotsalira: Palibe kufotokoza m’magwero otsimikizika. Projekiti ya muyezo wophika imangofuna kuti pambuyo pa madzi atatu, kukhazikika kwa tsamba kusakhale kochepera 90 %.

Tiyi wosungidwa ndi mbiri yosiyana: onani gawo 10.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi

Palibe deta ya kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu tiyi wa gululi m’magwero otsimikizika. Monga tiyi wina aliyense wobiriwira, mu tsamba muli catechins, ma amino acid (kuphatikiza L-theanine) ndi caffeine; kuchuluka kwake mu tiyi wokazinga wa Ahakka sikunaperekedwe m’malemba owerengedwa.

Ntchito zitatu za sayansi zidaphunzira zomwe zili mu tiyi ameneyu:

Kafukufuku wosungira (2026). Asayansi a South China Normal University ndi Tea Research Institute ya Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences adayerekezera ndi njira za liquid ndi gas chromatography-mass spectrometry tiyi watsopano, wa zaka 10 ndi 20 kuchokera ku chigawo cha Jiāolǐng. Posungidwa, zinthu zowawa ndi zokhwima zidachepa, kukoma kudafewa; zinthu za “moto wapamwamba” ndi fungo lokazinga, monga 2-ethoxy-3-methylpyrazine ndi 2-ethylbenzaldehyde, zidachepa, ndipo mawu a mtedza ndi a nkhuni adakula.
Kafukufuku wa mitundu (2023). Anayerekezera zinthu za kukoma ndi fungo za tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka kuchokera ku mitundu itatu; zotsatira olemba amazifotokoza kudzera mu kumva (gawo 3).
Kafukufuku wa kukonza (2022). Adatsata mmene pa nthawi yokonza, kufalitsa, kukhazikitsa, kukulunga, kukazinga, kumaliza, zinthu zazikulu ndi kapangidwe ka fungo zimasinthira mu tiyi wochokera ku gulu la 仙湖茶.

8. Ubwino wa Thanzi

Palibe deta yotsimikizika yokhudza zochita za tiyi wa gululi. Zolemba za dera ndi atolankhani zimapereka malingaliro a anthu okhudza ubwino wa tiyi wosungidwa; m’malemba owerengedwa sakuthandizidwa ndi kafukufuku, ndipo monga zochita za tiyi, encyclopedia siyibwereza.

9. Kuphika

Kwa gululi pali muyezo wake wa kuphika (2025), koma projekiti yake yokha ndi yomwe idawerengedwa; pansipa pali zofunikira za projekitiyo. Zimagwira ntchito kwa 客家炒绿 watsopano komanso wosungidwa.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 100 °C. Uku ndi kotentha kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi tiyi wambiri wobiriwira wosakhwima.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Chiŵerengero cha tiyi ndi madzi 1 : 20, ndiko kuti 5 g pa 100 ml.
Zida: Mbiya ya 110–180 ml ya dongo la 朱泥紫砂 (zhūní zǐshā) kapena ya porcelain, kapena gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn); makapu a 40 ml aliwonse, a porcelain yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa mbiya, chotengera ndi makapu ndi madzi otentha (温壶烫盏, wēn hú tàng zhǎn).
2. Ikani tiyi pa chiŵerengero cha 1 : 20, gwedeza mopepuka mbiya yotenthedwa katatu ndikupumira fungo louma (三叠摇香法, sān dié yáo xiāng fǎ).
3. Tsuka tiyi: thirani madzi otentha mwamsanga ndikutsanulira nthawi yomweyo (洗茶, xǐchá).
4. Madzi oyamba ndi masekondi 10, achiwiri 20, achitatu 30; nthawi zonse tsanulirani madzi onse, osasiya pamwamba pa tsamba (沥尽不留底, lì jìn bù liú dǐ).
5. Kuti tiyi apirira madzi angati ena, projekiti siyinena; monga tiyi wambiri wobiriwira, nthawi imawonjezeredwa mpaka madzi atafooka.

10. Kusunga

Tiyi wosungika. Ndemanga ya Méizhōu imati 客家炒绿 akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali; ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society imati tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Ahakka amasungika mosavuta ndipo amapirira kusungidwa. Apa ndipamene amasiyana ndi tiyi wambiri wobiriwira, omwe amamwidwa atsopano.
Tiyi wosungidwa ngati mankhwala apadera. Kwa 客家炒绿 wosungidwa, projekiti ya muyezo wophika imatchula muyezo wina wa gulu T/GDAQI 104 “陈年客家炒绿” (chénnián Kèjiā chǎolǜ); malire a nthawi ndi zofunika sizikudziwika. Projekiti ya Guangdong Tea Society ya dera la Méixiàn (梅县, Méixiàn) imatchula “tiyi wobiriwira wakale” (老绿茶) tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wosungidwa m’mikhalidwe yoyenera kwa zaka zitatu kapena kuposerapo, ndipo imafotokoza fungo la zitsanzo zabwino ngati “mawu akutchire, fungo lambiri la nkhuni kapena lakale, lokhalitsa” (野韵, 木香/陈香浓郁, 持久).
Zomwe kafukufuku adawonetsa. Mu ntchito ya 2026 adayerekezera tiyi watsopano, wa zaka 10 ndi 20 wa wothandizira m’modzi kuchokera ku chigawo cha Jiāolǐng, kuchokera ku munda umodzi; adasungidwa pa 10–25 °C, chinyezi chochepera 50 %, m’nyumba yosungira popanda kuwala. Izi ndi mikhalidwe yosungira zitsanzo, osati malangizo. Malinga ndi kuyesa kwa kumva ndi deta ya lilime lamagetsi, kuwawa ndi kukhwima zidachepa posungidwa, kukoma kudafewa; malinga ndi mfundo za ntchitoyi, mawu obiriwira, okazinga ndi otentha a “moto wapamwamba” adachepa. Mphotho yapamwamba kwambiri kwa gulu la akatswiri 11 idalandiridwa ndi tiyi wa zaka khumi. Poyerekeza ndi wa zaka makumi awiri, fungo lake linali lamphamvu komanso lokhalitsa, ndipo kukoma kunali kofewa, kotero kuti “wamkulu, wabwino” kwa zitsanzozi sikunatsimikizidwe.
Pamene magwero amasiyana. M’mfundo zonse za ntchito yomweyo akuti kusungidwa kudakulitsa mawu okoma, a zipatso, a maluwa ndi a nkhuni, ndipo gawo la kuyesa kwa kumva likuti fungo la zipatso ndi lamphamvu pa tiyi watsopano. Kuyesa kwa kumva kumayika fungo la tiyi wa zaka khumi pamwamba pa wa zaka makumi awiri, ndipo kusanthula kwa zinthu zosakanizika kumasonyeza kuti zizindikiro khumi za fungo, kuphatikiza la nkhuni, pa tiyi wa zaka makumi awiri ndi zamphamvu.
Zochenjeza. Olemba kafukufuku eni amati kufunika kwa kusungidwa kwa tiyiyu kumakhalabe mwambo wa anthu, ndipo njira za kusintha posungidwa sizinaphunziridwe; zitsanzo zawo ndi magulu atatu a famu imodzi. Nkhani za encyclopedia za tiyi ena a gululi, Jiēyáng chǎo chá, Méixiàn Lǜchá, Jiāolǐng Lǜchá, amalangiza kumwa tiyi atsopano. Kusungidwa ndi kotheka, koma sikofunikira kwa tiyi aliyense wa gululi.
Tiyi watsopano: Monga tiyi wambiri wobiriwira, 客家炒绿 watsopano amasungidwa m’matumba otsekedwa bwino, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo, pamalo ozizira.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Palibe deta yamitengo m’magwero otsimikizika.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Funsani tiyi weniweni ndi boma. 客家炒绿 ndi dzina la gulu, osati la mankhwala amodzi; malinga ndi zolemba za Guangdong ndi Méizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu, Sháoguān, Jiēyáng ndi maboma ena.
- Kulembedwa kwa 客家绿茶 pa paketi kungatanthauze tiyi wobiriwira aliyense wa Ahakka, ndipo 炒绿 popanda 客家, tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga aliyense.
- Mayina a tiyi ena a gululi amatetezedwa: mwachitsanzo, Méixiàn Lǜchá ndi Jiāolǐng Lǜchá m’nkhani zawo akufotokozedwa ngati tiyi ndi geographical indication. Pa mayina otere, funsani chizindikiro pa paketi.
- Zaka za kusungidwa sizingadziwike ndi maonekedwe: funsani chaka chopangira ndi mikhalidwe yosungira, ndipo zonena za zaka makumi ambiri zosungidwa ziyenera kulandiridwa kokha kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zifukwa zokhulupirira.
- Yerekezerani tiyi ndi zitsogozo za projekiti ya muyezo: tsamba lolimba, laling’ono, lobiriwira-otuwa ndi chinyezimiro, fungo la mpunga wokazinga, madzi owala osasalala. Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika wa tiyi “wosungidwa” ndi chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi

Malinga ndi ndemanga ya projekiti ya muyezo wophika, mu 2024 Méizhōu adapanga matani 18.5 chikwi a 客家炒绿, 55.94 % ya tiyi wake wonse.
Mtundu wa tsamba louma projekiti ya muyezo imaufotokoza pafupifupi ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali: “chisanu” chotuwa pa tsamba ndi “金砂”, “mchenga wagolide”, mtundu wa platinamu yopanda pukutira, ndipo maziko achikasu-obiriwira ndi “翠”.
M’malemba atatu a gulu lomwelo, pali mayina atatu achingelezi osiyana: roasted, stir-fried ndi Kejia green tea.
Tiyi wosungidwa wa gululi Ahakka amatchula “tiyi wobiriwira wosungika”, dzina losowa kwa gulu lomwe nthawi zambiri limayamikiridwa chifukwa chatsopano.
Mu kafukufuku wosungira, si tiyi wamkulu kwambiri adakhala wabwino: wa zaka khumi adapambana wa zaka makumi awiri.

13. Mitundu ndi Kugawa

Malinga ndi zaka ndi dzina:

客家炒绿 watsopano: tiyi wa nyengo yomweyo; mbiri yake ndi fungo la mpunga wokazinga, kukoma kwamphamvu ndi kuwawa ndi kukhwima.
客家炒绿 wosungidwa (陈年客家炒绿): pansi pa dzina ili, projekiti ya muyezo wophika imatchula muyezo wina T/GDAQI 104; ndi kagawo, osati mawu ofanana.
Tiyi wobiriwira wakale (老绿茶) wa dera la Méixiàn: malinga ndi projekiti ya Guangdong Tea Society, tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wosungidwa kwa zaka zitatu kapena kuposerapo; mawu oti 客家炒绿 sapezeka mu tanthauzo lake.
Tiyi wobiriwira wa Ahakka wa fungo loyera (客家清香型绿茶): dzina lapadera lokhala ndi projekiti yake ya muyezo wa luso (2022). Ngati chikalatacho chikuika tiyiyu mu 客家炒绿, sizikuwoneka.
Tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga “wowuma” (冰鲜炒青绿茶): projekiti ya muyezo wa luso ya Guangdong Tea Society (2024) ya Méizhōu; sizikugwirizana ndi mwambo wosungira.
Mawu oyandikira: 炒绿 yokha ndi “wobiriwira wokazinga” wamba, popanda 客家 siyisonyeza mwambo wa Ahakka; 客家炒青 (Kèjiā chǎoqīng) amapezeka mu nkhani ya Liánpíng Gāoshān Chá, ndipo m’magwero oyambira kokha m’kupanga dzina lokhazikika 客家炒青绿茶.

Tiyi a gululi mu encyclopedia. Magwero oyambira amatchula maboma, koma samatchula mayina a tiyi. Kuyika kumeneku ndi kwa mkonzi, malinga ndi boma ndi luso; kwa tiyi ena ndi kokayikitsa, ndipo zanenedwa.

Huìdōng Lǜ Chá (惠东绿茶): Huìzhōu. Nkhani yake imayika tiyiyu mu 客家炒绿 ndipo imatchula lusoli kukhala lalikulu.
Méixiàn Lǜchá (梅县绿茶): Méizhōu. “Tiyi wokazinga wobiriwira wa Ahakka a Méizhōu”, m’nkhani yake, tiyi ndi geographical indication (2025); momwemo akufotokozedwa kukwera kwachiwiri kwa fungo pafupifupi masiku 30 pambuyo poyanika koyamba.
Qīngliángshān Chá (清凉山茶): Méizhōu, mapiri a Qīngliángshān. Atolankhani akuyika tiyi wa mapiri a Qīngliángshān m’gulu la tiyi asanu ndi anayi otchuka a mbiri ya Méizhōu. Nkhani yake imayika tiyiyu mu mwambo wa 客家炒绿, koma imaufotokoza ngati 烘青 (hōngqīng, kuyanika ndi mpweya wotentha) ndi zinthu za kukazinga, zomwe zimasemphana ndi tanthauzo la gululi ngati 炒青.
Qīshèjǐng Chá (七畲径茶): Méizhōu. Luso m’nkhani yake limatchulidwa 客家炒茶; kufanana kwa liwu ili ndi 客家炒绿 magwero sakutsimikizira mwachindunji, ngakhale ndemanga ya Guangdong Tea Society imapereka 客家炒茶 ngati dzina wamba la gululi.
Mǎtú Lǜ Chá (马图绿茶): Méizhōu, tiyi wokazinga wobiriwira wa mudzi wa Ahakka; atolankhani akuyika tiyi wobiriwira wa Mǎtú m’gulu la tiyi asanu ndi anayi otchuka a mbiri ya Méizhōu.
Jiāolǐng Lǜchá (蕉岭绿茶): Méizhōu, chigawo cha Jiāolǐng, kumene zitsanzo za kafukufuku wosungira zidachokera. M’nkhani yake, tiyi ndi geographical indication (2016), mawu oti “Ahakka” kulibe, ndipo kusungidwa kumatchedwa kosafunikira.
Kānghé Chá (康禾茶): Héyuán. Tiyi wa Ahakka ndi fungo la mpunga wokazinga; malinga ndi nkhani yake, ndi gawo la 做青 (zuòqīng), pafupi ndi malire ndi oolong.
Shàngguān Xiānhú Chá (上莞仙湖茶): Héyuán. Tiyi wa Ahakka ndi fungo la mpunga wokazinga; malinga ndi nkhani yake, ndi 烘青 ndi kuyanika komaliza ndi kutentha.
Jiēyáng chǎo chá (揭阳炒茶): Jiēyáng. Kalembedwe ka dera la mapiri a Ahakka mkati mwa dera la gululi, osati mawu ofanana ndi 客家炒绿; nkhani yake imalangiza kumwa tiyi m’miyezi yoyamba.
Liánpíng Gāoshān Chá (连平高山茶): Héyuán. Dzina la chigawo popanda gulu limodzi, tiyi wobiriwira komanso wofiira; wonyamula liwu loyandikira 客家炒青.
Wǔpíng Lǜchá (武平绿茶): Fujian. Tiyi wokazinga wobiriwira wa Ahakka kunja kwa Guangdong; ku gululi magwero oyambira sakumuika, koma sakumuthetsa.
Gǔláochá (古劳茶): Hèshān. Nkhani yake imatchula tiyiyu ngati chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Ahakka ku Guangdong; ngati amamuika mu 客家炒绿, sizikudziwika.

Pomaliza:

Kèjiā Chǎolǜ si mtundu kapena malo, koma chinenero chofanana cha dera lonse: alimi a tiyi a Ahakka a Méizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu ndi maboma oyandikana amamaliza tsamba lobiriwira ndi kukazinga kwanthawi yaitali m’chikho, ndipo tiyi amatuluka wolimba, wobiriwira-otuwa, ndi fungo la mpunga wokazinga ndi kukoma kwamphamvu, kumene kuwawa kumalinganizidwa ndi kutsekemera kwanthawi yaitali. Uwu ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosachita mantha ndi nthawi: Ahakka amamutcha tiyi wosungika, ndipo amaika 客家炒绿 wosungidwa m’gulu lapadera, ngakhale sayansi ikungoyamba kufufuza zomwe zimachitika naye pazaka zosungidwa.

Pakadali pano gululi likudutsa nthawi ya miyezo, kuphika, kukonza, kusungidwa zikulandira zolemba zawo, ndipo Méizhōu akumanga brand pa izo. Kwa yemwe wazolowera tiyi wofewa wobiriwira wa masika, Kèjiā Chǎolǜ adzawonetsa mbali ina ya gululi, yamphamvu, yamoto ndi yopirira.

Magwero

Miyezo

Zikalata ndi zofalitsa

团体标准《客家炒绿冲泡技术规程（征求意见稿）》编制说明 — 标准编制工作组（提出：梅州市农业农村局、梅州市农林科学院茶叶研究所；立项：广东省质量检验协会）
团体标准客家炒绿冲泡技术规程 Technical specification for Brewing Hakka roasted green tea（征求意见稿）, T/ XXXXX—XXXX — 广东省质量检验协会
广东省茶叶学会团体标准 T/44GDTS XXXX—2024 老绿茶品质评价技术 Quality Evaluation Techniques for aged roasted green tea（征求意见稿）+《老绿茶品质评价技术》编制说明 — 广东省茶叶学会
广东省茶叶学会团体标准 T/44GDTS XXXX—2024 冰鲜炒青绿茶加工技术规程（征求意见稿）+编制说明 — 广东省茶叶学会
团体标准客家清香型绿茶加工技术规程（草案） — 广东省质量检验协会
2025年梅州市地方标准制修订计划项目 — 梅州市人民政府 (meizhou.gov.cn)
Study on bitterness reduction and aroma enrichment of Kejia green tea based on storage duration through UPLC-MS/GC–MS technology — Food Chemistry: X, vol. 35 (2026), article 103867; DOI 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.103867; PMID 42040320; Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences)
The Cultivar Effect on the Taste and Aroma Substances of Hakka Stir-Fried Green Tea from Guangdong — Foods (MDPI), 2023, 12(10):2067; DOI 10.3390/foods12102067; PMID 37238885
客家炒青绿茶加工过程中品质成分的动态变化 (Dynamic Changes of Quality Components in Hakka Roasted Green Tea during Processing) — 现代食品科技 (Modern Food Science and Technology), 2022, 38(6):248-256; DOI 10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2022.6.0562
千年茶香传古韵汉茶化石启新章 2025梅州客家炒绿品牌推介会在京圆满举办 — 投资界 (pedaily.cn), 2025-06-06
客家茶脉里的文明基因：一片绿叶的千年火工与文明回甘 — 看点时报, 2025-05-28
Pre-Qingming Tea in Guangdong | Meizhou: Hakka Green Tea — GDToday / newsgd.com, 2022-04-02
客都好物进北京！梅州优质农特产品亮相总台美食文化周 — 羊城晚报, 2026-06-12

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