Kèjiā chǎolǜ · thetea.app

Kèjiā chǎolǜ (Kèjiā chǎolǜ, 客家炒绿) yitiye laseHakka eluhlaza eligazingiwe. Lokhu akusilo itiye elilodwa, kodwa yisigaba (品类, pǐnlèi) samatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe, lawo ezifundeni zamaHakka aphekwa aze avuthwe ngokugazinga ebhodweni. Igama elisemthethweni lesigaba yilesi 客家炒青绿茶 (Kèjiā chǎoqīng lǜchá), futhi ngenkulumo evamile libizwa nangokuthi 客家炒茶 kanye no 客家绿茶. Ngokwemiklamo yamazinga eGuangdong Tea Society, lisakazeka ezindaweni ezihlala amaHakka, ezifundeni zaseMéizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu, Sháoguān, Jiēyáng kanye nezinye izifunda zesifundazwe saseGuangdong; iphepha laseMéizhōu lilubeka lubanzi, ezindaweni zamaHakka eGuangdong, Fujian naseJiangxi. Laziwa ngephunga lerayisi eligazingiwe (炒米香, chǎomǐ xiāng) kanye nokunambitheka okuqinile okunobumnandi obude obubuyayo. Itiye eligugile lalesi sigaba lihlukaniswa njengomkhiqizo ohlukile, kanti amaHakka uqobo, ngaleli phepha elifanayo, alibiza ngokuthi “itiye eliluhlaza eligcina isikhathi eside”.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingabiliswanga), ngokwendlela yokomisa, eligazingiwe: 炒青绿茶 (chǎoqīng lǜchá). Incazelo yeGuangdong Tea Society (广东省茶叶学会, 2024) ichaza lesi sigaba kanje: itiye elenziwe ngemiqumbe, amaqabunga neziqu ezithambile zezihlahla ezinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane, ezikhula ezindaweni zamaHakka eGuangdong, elidlula ekuboleni, ekulungiseni, ekusongeni nasekugazingeni; umkhiqizo ophelile yilesi 炒青绿茶.
Isigaba: Isigaba sesifunda samatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe amaHakka, hhayi uhlobo lwesihlahla, hhayi indawo eyodwa, futhi hhayi uphawu lomkhiqizi oyedwa. Incazelo yomklamo wezinga lokuphisa (Méizhōu, 2025) ibiza i客家炒绿 ngokuthi “isigaba esibalulekile somkhakha wamatiye eMéizhōu nakwezinye izindawo zamaHakka”, esinomlando omude wokukhiqiza, izici zendawo ezigqamile, ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile kanye nekhwalithi ebonakalayo. Iphepha leGuangdong Tea Society lifaka itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka phakathi kwezinhlelo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamatiye eGuangdong, kanye nedancong noluhlaza olubomvu.
Imvelaphi: IChina, ikakhulukazi isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng). Imingcele yendawo imithombo iyichaza ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- imiklamo yamazinga yeGuangdong Tea Society (2024) yizindawo ezihlala amaHakka ezifundeni zaseMéizhōu (梅州, Méizhōu), Héyuán (河源, Héyuán), Huìzhōu (惠州, Huìzhōu), Sháoguān (韶关, Sháoguān) naseJiēyáng (揭阳, Jiēyáng); uhlu luvulekile, luphela ngegama elithi 等, “nabanye”;
- iphepha lomklamo wezinga lokuphisa (Méizhōu, 2025) yizindawo zamaHakka eGuangdong, Fujian naseJiangxi (粤闽赣, Yuè Mǐn Gàn);
- umbhalo wesayensi ka-2026 uthi itiye “lithandwa kakhulu” ezindaweni zezintaba zaseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina, lapho kuhlala khona amaHakka.
Umngcele awuvunyelwanga: izindlela zokubhala zesifundazwe (Guangdong) kanye nezobuhlanga (zonke izindawo zamaHakka) ziyehluka. Ku-encyclopedia itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka lichazwa nangaphandle kweGuangdong, eFujian (isigaba 13).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho izixhumanisi ezifanayo zesigaba: lihlanganisa izifunda eziningana, futhi indawo incike etiyeni elithile.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Isiko. Imibhalo ibiza i客家炒绿 ngetiye lendabuko elinomlando omude: iphepha leGuangdong Tea Society lithi “elinye lamatiye adumile omlando wendabuko eGuangdong” (广东传统历史名茶之一), kanti iphepha laseMéizhōu lithi ngumkhiqizo onomlando omude wokukhiqiza. Le mibhalo ayinikezi izinsuku noma ubufakazi bokuqala obubhaliwe. Ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2023 babiza izintaba zaseQīngliángshān (清凉山, Qīngliáng shān) eMéizhōu njengendawo lapho leli tiye lenziwe khona kusukela kudala.
- Amtiye omlando aseMéizhōu. Ukushicilelwa kwabezindaba (2025) kubika ukuthi kumatiye ayisishiyagalolunye adumile omlando aseMéizhōu, ayisikhombisa angawesigaba se客家炒绿, kodwa akubali ukuthi yimaphi; ohlwini lwamatiye ayisishiyagalolunye kukhona noluhlaza olubomvu, ngakho-ke ukuba yilungu kwetiye elithile kuleli banga akuphethwa kulo musho.
- 2022. Kwabekwa umklamo wezinga leqembu lobuchwepheshe “betiye eliluhlaza lamaHakka lephunga elihlanzekile” (客家清香型绿茶, Kèjiā qīngxiāngxíng lǜchá): ukubhaliswa yiGuangdong Quality Inspection Association (广东省质量检验协会), umklamo wethulwa yiZhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering (仲恺农业工程学院). Igama elithi 客家炒绿 alikho embhalweni.
- 2024. IGuangdong Tea Society yabeka imiklamo yamazinga okuhlola “itiye eliluhlaza eligugile” (老绿茶, lǎo lǜchá) kanye nobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe “elipholile” (冰鲜炒青绿茶, bīngxiān chǎoqīng lǜchá). Ezincazelweni zayo yomibili imiklamo kukhona umusho ofanayo ngesigaba, amagama aso kanye nendawo yaso.
- 2025, izinga lokuphisa. UMnyango Wezolimo waseMéizhōu kanye neTea Research Institute yeMéizhōu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences bahlongoze izinga leqembu lokuphisa 《客家炒绿冲泡技术规程》, umklamo wabhaliswa yiGuangdong Quality Inspection Association. Ngokombiko wabezindaba wangomhla ziyisi-6 kuNhlangulana 2025, isikhungo sakhipha ngokusemthethweni leli zinga ekwethulweni kophawu lwe客家炒绿 eBeijing; umbhalo wokugcina nenombolo awutholakalanga.
- 2025, izinkomba zamazinga eqembu. Ezinkombeni ezijwayelekile zomklamo wezinga lokuphisa kubalwa amazinga eqembu i T/GDAQI 103 “客家炒绿” kanye ne T/GDAQI 104 “陈年客家炒绿”, ngaphandle konyaka. Imibhalo yabo, izinsuku kanye nesimo akutholakalanga. Ngokombiko wabezindaba, izinga leqembu 《客家炒绿》 lakhiwa yiMéizhōu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences kanye nezinkampani zamatiye.
- 2025, izinga lendawo. Ohlelweni lwamazinga endawo aseMéizhōu lwango-2025 kufakwe izinga elinconyiwe lobuchwepheshe “客家炒青绿茶加工技术规程”; inhlangano eholayo yiTea Research Institute yeMéizhōu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, isikhathi unyaka owodwa. Ukuthi selikhishiwe yini, akukatholakali.
Igama: 客家 (Kèjiā) ngamaHakka, igama lesizwe; 炒 (chǎo) “ukugazinga”; 绿 (lǜ) “okuluhlaza”. Iphepha leGuangdong Tea Society lichaza igama ngokuthi leli tiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe liphuzwa abantu bolimi lwesiHakka (客家语系, Kèjiā yǔxì). Igama elisemthethweni yilesi 客家炒青绿茶; amagama ajwayelekile yila 客家炒茶 (Kèjiā chǎochá), 客家炒绿 kanye no 客家绿茶 (Kèjiā lǜchá); indlela ephelele enegama elithi “itiye” yilesi 客家炒绿茶 (Kèjiā chǎolǜ chá). Igama elithi 客家绿茶 lizwakala njengegama elivamile “itiye eliluhlaza lamaHakka” futhi ngaphandle kwencazelo lingasho noma yiliphi itiye eliluhlaza lamaHakka. Amagama esiNgisi emibhalweni ahlukene: Hakka roasted green tea kumklamo wezinga lokuphisa, Hakka stir-fried green tea esihlokweni sesayensi sango-2023, Kejia green tea esihlokweni sango-2026. “Kèjiā chǎolǜ” yindlela yokuloba ngesiLatin yegama lesiShayina.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:
- EMéizhōu. Ngokwephepha lomklamo wezinga lokuphisa, iziphathimandla zaseMéizhōu zibeke umgomo wokwenza i客家炒绿 “uphawu lokuqala lwetiye eliluhlaza laseGuangdong”. Abezindaba ngo-2025 babhala ngomgomo wokulenza uphawu lukazwelonke olunesikhombi sendawo, kanti iphephandaba iYangcheng Wanbao ngo-2026 labiza i客家炒绿 phakathi kwezinsika ezine zezolimo zesifunda, ezibizwa ngokuthi “四个百亿” “ezine zamabhiliyoni ayishumi” (iyunithi alibhalwanga embhalweni).
- Itiye eligcinwayo. Iphepha laseMéizhōu libhala ukuthi i客家炒绿 ingagcinwa isikhathi eside, kanti itiye eligugile lamaHakka libizwa ngokuthi “温肚茶” (wēndù chá) “itiye elifudumeza isisu”, kanye no “可存放的绿茶” “itiye eliluhlaza eligcina isikhathi eside”. Lawa ngamagama esintu, hhayi incazelo yokusebenza kwetiye.
- Imakethe. Ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2023 babhala ukuthi “iphunga lerayisi eligazingiwe” kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kuthandwa emakethe yendawo yamaHakka, emiphakathini yamaHakka yakwamanye amazwe, phakathi kongoti bamatiye kanye nalabo abasaqala ukuwuphuza.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Isihlahla: Akukho uhlobo olulodwa. Ngokwephepha leGuangdong Tea Society, izinto zokusetshenziswa yizihlahla ezinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane (中小叶种, zhōng xiǎo yè zhǒng), ezikhula ezindaweni zamaHakka eGuangdong. Ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2023 babhala ukuthi ngokombono, leli tiye lingenziwa ngeqabunga lanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kodwa empeleni kusetshenziswa ezinye kuphela, lezo ezinikeza ukunambitheka nephunga eliyingqayizivele.
Uhlobo lushintsha iphrofayili: Kulolo cwaningo lufanayo kwaqhathaniswa amaqoqo amathathu avela ezinhlotsheni ezintathu: itiye lohlobo lweHuangdan lanikeza iphunga lezimbali eligqamile, lohlobo lweMeizhan lanikeza iphunga lerayisi eligazingiwe, kanti lohlobo lwendawo lwezintaba zaseQingliangshan lanikeza ukulingana kwephunga lerayisi eligazingiwe kanye nobusha. Kwakuneqoqo elilodwa kuhlobo ngalunye, futhi ababhali ngokwabo bacela ukuthi umphumela uhlolwe kusampula enkulu.
Imiphakathi yendawo: Ucwaningo lwango-2022 (iphephabhuku iModern Food Science and Technology, 现代食品科技) lwenza itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka “kumphakathi wamaqabunga amancane amaHakka aseGuangdong” we仙湖茶 (Xiānhú chá). Ukuthi lokhu kuyefana nezinto zetiye leShangguān Xiānhú Chá, umthombo awusho.
Ukuvuna: Izikhathi zokuvuna zesigaba azibhalwanga emithonjeni ehloliwe. Amasampula ocwaningo lwango-2023 enziwa ngenkathi yokuvuna kaSepthemba 2020.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ngokombiko wabezindaba, izinga leqembu 《客家炒绿》 libeka izinga “umqumbe owodwa onamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu” (一芽二三叶, yī yá èr sān yè); umbhalo wezinga awufundwanga. Amasampula ocwaningo lokuguga lwango-2026 aqoqwa ngezinga “umqumbe owodwa namaqabunga amabili”.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngokwencazelo yephepha, yimiqumbe, amaqabunga neziqu ezithambile. Azikho ezinye izidingo emithonjeni ehloliwe.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izindawo zamaHakka eGuangdong, ohlwini lweGuangdong Tea Society yilezi eMéizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu, Sháoguān naseJiēyáng. Umbhalo wesayensi ka-2026 ukhuluma ngezindawo zezintaba zaseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina, lapho kuhlala khona amaHakka.
IMéizhōu: Imininingwane ephelele kunayo yonke ingalesi sifunda. Lapha kunezintaba zaseQīngliángshān, ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2023 abazibiza njengendawo yokukhiqiza isikhathi eside, kanye nesifunda saseJiāolǐng (蕉岭, Jiāolǐng), lapho amasampula ocwaningo lokuguga lwango-2026 avela khona, endaweni eyodwa, ngezimo ezifanayo zokutshala.
Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi: Azichazwanga emithonjeni ehloliwe esigabeni sonke. Ziyehluka kuye ngetiye, futhi kufanele zibhekwe ezihlokweni zamatiye athile esigaba (isigaba 13).
Ngaphandle kweGuangdong: Ku-encyclopedia itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka lichazwa naseFujian, iWǔpíng Lǜchá (武平绿茶) enomkhiqizo othi “Liángyě Chǎolǜ” (梁野炒绿, liángyě chǎolǜ). Ukuthi imithombo eyinhloko iluhlobanisa ne客家炒绿, akwaziwa; uphawu 炒绿 ngokwalo lusho nje “okuluhlaza okugazingiwe”.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Uchungechunge oluvamile iphepha leGuangdong Tea Society lulubeka kanje: ukubola, ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukugazinga. Isu elikhethekile lesigaba iphepha laseMéizhōu lisibiza ngokuthi “ukugazinga okunzima” (重炒). Ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2026 bachaza ubuchwepheshe ngokuthi “ukugazinga okude, okuphindaphindiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu”: kunikeza ubukrakra obunamandla kanye nokubaba, ukunambitheka okubukhali, okuqinile kanye nephunga “lomlilo ophezulu”, okuyingqayizivele yamatiye okushiswa kanzima. Asikho isikimu esiphelele esinemininingwane saso sonke isigaba emibhalweni efundiwe: imibhalo yamazinga eqembu i T/GDAQI 103 ne 104 ayifundwanga, kanti izinga lendawo lobuchwepheshe ngo-2025 lisahleliwe. Ngezansi kukhona uchungechunge oluvamile kanye nezibonelo ezibhaliwe; izinombolo zihlobene nemibhalo ethile namasampula.

Ukubola kweqabunga elisha (摊青 — tānqīng): Isigaba sokuqala sochungechunge kuzo zonke izincazelo ezitholiwe. Njengakwamanye amatiye aluhlaza, iqabunga libekwa ngongqimba ukuze libune kancane. Imingcele yesigaba ayibhalwanga.
Ukulungisa (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukushisa okumisa ukufiphala kweqabunga. Emasampulini ocwaningo lwango-2026 (isifunda saseJiāolǐng), kusebhodweni elishiswe cishe ku-220–240 °C, imizuzu emi-3–5.
Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kulawo masampula afanayo, ngesandla noma ngomshini wokusonga, imizuzu eyi-15–20.
Ukugazinga (炒制 — chǎozhì): Isigaba esiyinhloko sesigaba. Emibhalweni yaseGuangdong, ukugazinga kwenzeka ngemva kokusonga futhi kusebenza njengokomisa: umklamo wezinga wango-2022 uchaza ukugazinga njengezigaba zokomisa, ekuqaleni umsebenzi wawo uwukukhipha amanzi, ekugcineni uwukomisa iqabunga futhi ulisonge liqine. Ukugazinga kungaba kaningana: emasampulini ocwaningo lwango-2026 kukhona ukugazinga kokuqala nokuphindwayo ebhodweni, bese kuba ukoma kokugcina ku-70–80 °C kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kuka-6 %. Ngokombiko wabezindaba, izinga leqembu 《客家炒绿》 libala phakathi kwemingcele esemqoka “ukulawulwa komlilo ngezigaba” (分段火工调控, fēnduàn huǒgōng tiáokòng).
Ukuhleleka akufani yonke indawo: Ocwaningweni lwango-2023 amasampula enziwa ngenqubo ejwayelekile ye GB/T 14456.1-2008 ngale ndlela: ukubuna, ukulungisa, ukugazinga, ukusonga, ukoma kanye nokoma okwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi ukugazinga kwakulandela ngokushesha ngemva kokulungisa, ngaphambi kokusonga.

Isibonelo: umklamo wezinga “betiye eliluhlaza lamaHakka lephunga elihlanzekile” (2022). Lona ngumklamo wetiye elilodwa elinegama, futhi igama elithi 客家炒绿 alikho kuwo, kodwa uchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukugazinga okunezigaba eziningi. Uchungechunge: iqabunga elisha → ukubola (摊青) → ukulungisa (杀青) → ukusonga (揉捻) → ukugazinga kwesibili (炒二青, chǎo èrqīng) → ukubunjwa (整形, zhěngxíng) → ukuphola (摊放, tānfàng) → ukugazinga kwesithathu (炒三青, chǎo sānqīng) → ukuqedela (辉干, huīgān) → itiye eliphelile → ukuhlukanisa (分选, fēnxuǎn) → ukuhlola, ukupakisha, indawo yokugcina.

Ukugazinga kwesibili: ibhodwe elingu-200–220 °C, cishe imizuzu eyi-15–30, ikakhulukazi ngokuphonsa (抛炒, pāochǎo), kuze kube itiye “selomile ngezingxenye eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi” futhi seliqala ukuhlaba isandla kancane; ukuma kweqabunga ngalesi sikhathi sekuqinisiwe.
Ukuphola: itiye libekwa ekushiseni kwegumbi amahora a-1–4.
Ukuqedela: ngendlela yesandla, ibhodwe elingu-100–120 °C, amahora ayisi-6–10, ekuqaleni ngomzamo omkhulu, kamuva ngomncane, kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kuka-6 %. Umklamo uvumela nokuqedela ngomshini wesigubhu.
Ukuhlukanisa kulolu chungechunge kwenzeka ngemva kokuqedela, hhayi phakathi kokugazinga.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka

Ngezansi kukhona izinkombandlela ezibekwa ngumklamo wezinga lokuphisa (2025), kanye nezincazelo ezivela ezincazelweni zamazinga. Lena yincazelo yesigaba sonke; itiye elithile lingahluka, kuye ngohlobo nokuguga.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liqinile, lilingene, liluhlaza ngokumpunga ngokucwebezela (紧结、匀整、灰绿润). Ukuthungwa okumpunga eqabungeni okungu-“灰白” noma “isithwathwa” (起霜, qǐshuāng) umklamo ukuqhathanisa neplatinum emaphutha futhi ubiza lo mbala ngokuthi “金砂” (jīnshā), kanti isisekelo seqabunga esiphuzi ngokuluhlaza ubiza ngokuthi “翠” (cuì).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni ehloliwe. Umklamo wezinga lokuphisa ubeka ukuthi iphunga elomile (干香, gānxiāng) lihlolwe ebhodweni elishiswe ngokushesha ngemva kokunyakaziswa kathathu kancane (isigaba 9).
Iphunga lokukhishwa: Iphunga eliphezulu nelihlanzekile elimnandi lerayisi eligazingiwe (炒米甜香, chǎomǐ tiánxiāng) elinethoni elimnandi eligcwele noma lezinyosi, ngokomklamo wezinga. Iphepha laseMéizhōu lengeza ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo kubonakala amaphunga ezimbali nawezinyosi, kanti iphunga liphezulu futhi lihlala isikhathi eside; ifomula yesigaba ephepheni yilesi “iphunga eliphezulu nokunambitheka okumnandi” (高香甜韵, gāo xiāng tián yùn). Imithombo ayicacisi ukuthi incazelo ihambisana neqabunga elomile noma nokukhishwa.
Ukunambitheka: Okuqinile, okugcwele, okuthambile, nokubuyisa okumnandi okuqinile (浓强、醇厚、回甘力强), ngokomklamo wezinga; iphepha laseMéizhōu libhala ngokukhishwa okuqinile nokubuyisa okumnandi okude (回甘, huígān). Itiye elisha libaba futhi libaba ngokuphawulekayo: ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2026 bakuhlobanisa lokhu nokugazinga okude ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi baphawula ukuthi kwabaningi ngaphandle kwezindawo zamaHakka ukunambitheka okunjalo kubonakala kubaba kakhulu futhi kubukhali.
Umbala wokukhishwa: Oluhlaza ngokuthinta okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okuphambili, okukhanyayo nokucacile (汤色绿色为主，黄色为辅，明亮清澈).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Ayikho incazelo emithonjeni ehloliwe. Umklamo wezinga lokuphisa udinga kuphela ukuthi ngemva kokukhishwa kathathu ukuphelela kweqabunga kungabi ngaphansi kuka-90 %.

Itiye eligugile liyiphrofayili ehlukile: mayelana nalo kusigaba 10.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Awekho amanani obuningi ngokwakheka kwamatiye alesi sigaba emithonjeni ehloliwe. Njengakumatiye amaningi aluhlaza, eqabungeni kukhona ama-catechin, ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise noL-theanine) kanye ne-caffeine; ukuthi angakanani kumatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe amaHakka, akubhalwanga ezintweni ezifundiwe.

Imibhalo emithathu yesayensi yafunda ukwakheka kwalamatiye:

Ucwaningo lokuguga (2026). Ososayensi baseSouth China Normal University naseTea Research Institute yeGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences baqhathanisa ngezindlela ze-liquid ne-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry itiye elisha, leminyaka eyi-10 nelama-20 lesifunda saseJiāolǐng. Ngesikhathi sokugcina kwehla izinto ezibabayo nezibabayo, ukunambitheka kwathamba; zehla izinto “zomlilo ophezulu” ezinephunga lokugazinga, ngokwesibonelo i-2-ethoxy-3-methylpyrazine ne-2-ethylbenzaldehyde, kanti amathoni amantongomane nawezinkuni akhula.
Ucwaningo lwezinhlobo (2023). Lwaqhathanisa izinto zokunambitheka nephunga letiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka lezinhlobo ezintathu; ababhali bachaza umphumela ngezindlela zokunambitheka (isigaba 3).
Ucwaningo lokucubungula (2022). Lwalandelela ukuthi phakathi nokucubungula, ukubola, ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukugazinga, ukuqedela, kushintsha kanjani izinto eziyinhloko kanye nokwakheka kwephunga etiyeni lomphakathi we仙湖茶.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo

Abukho ubufakazi obuhloliwe bokusebenza kwamatiye alesi sigaba. Imibhalo yendawo nabezindaba baphawula izinkolelo zesintu ngezinzuzo zetiye eligugile; ezintweni ezifundiwe lezo zinkolelo azisekelwanga ucwaningo, futhi njengezici zetiye i-encyclopedia ayiziphindi.

9. Ukuphisa

Kulesi sigaba kukhona izinga lokuphisa elikhethekile (2025), kodwa kufundwe umklamo walo kuphela; ngezansi kukhona imingcele yomklamo. Lisebenza kokubili etiyeni elisha nakweligugile i客家炒绿.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 100 °C. Lokhu kushisa ukwedlula okujwayelekile kwamatiye amaningi aluhlaza athambile.
Inani letiye: Isilinganiso setiye namanzi siyi-1 : 20, okungukuthi amagremu ama-5 kumamililitha ayi-100.
Izitsha: Ibhodwe elingu-110–180 ml lobumba lwe朱泥紫砂 (zhūní zǐshā) noma lobumba olumhlophe, noma igaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn); izinkomishi ezingama-40 ml, zobumba olumhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa ibhodwe, isitsha sokukhipha nezinkomishi ngamanzi abilayo (温壶烫盏, wēn hú tàng zhǎn).
2. Faka itiye ngesilinganiso se-1 : 20, nyakazisa ibhodwe elishiswe kathathu kancane bese uhogela iphunga elomile (三叠摇香法, sān dié yáo xiāng fǎ).
3. Geza itiye: thela amanzi abilayo ngokushesha agcwele phezulu bese uwakhipha ngokushesha (洗茶, xǐchá).
4. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kungamasekhondi ayi-10, okwesibili kungama-20, okwesithathu kungama-30; njalo khipha ukukhishwa kuze kuphele, ungashiyi amanzi eqabungeni (沥尽不留底, lì jìn bù liú dǐ).
5. Ukuthi itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa kangakanani futhi, umklamo awusho; njengakumatiye amaningi aluhlaza, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isikhathi siyengezwa kuze kube ukukhishwa kuba buthaka.

10. Ukugcina

Itiye eligcinwayo. Iphepha laseMéizhōu libhala ukuthi i客家炒绿 ingagcinwa isikhathi eside; iphepha leGuangdong Tea Society liphawula ukuthi itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka ligcina kalula futhi liyakwazi ukumelana nokugcinwa. Lokhu kuyinkinga yalo kumatiye amaningi aluhlaza, ajwayele ukuphuzwa esemasha.
Itiye eligugile njengomkhiqizo ohlukile. Kumtiye eligugile i客家炒绿, umklamo wezinga lokuphisa ubhekisa kwizinga leqembu elihlukile i T/GDAQI 104 “陈年客家炒绿” (chénnián Kèjiā chǎolǜ); umkhawulo wokuguga kanye nezidingo zawo akwaziwa. Umklamo weGuangdong Tea Society wesifunda saseMéixiàn (梅县, Méixiàn) ubiza “itiye eliluhlaza eligugile” (老绿茶) ngetiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe eligcinwe ezimeni ezifanele iminyaka emithathu nangaphezulu, futhi lichaza iphunga lamasampula amahle njengokuthi “inothi lasendle, iphunga lezinkuni eligcwele noma eligugile, elihlala isikhathi eside” (野韵、木香/陈香浓郁、持久).
Okwakhonjiswa ucwaningo. Emsebenzini ka-2026 kwaqhathaniswa itiye elisha, leminyaka eyi-10 nelama-20 lomthengisi oyedwa wesifunda saseJiāolǐng, endaweni eyodwa; laligcinwa ku-10–25 °C, umswakama ohlobene ongaphansi kuka-50 %, esitolo esingenakukhanya. Lezi yizimo zokugcina amasampula, hhayi isincomo. Ngokokuhlolwa kokunambitheka nangemininingwane yolimi lwe-elekthronikhi, ubukrakra nokubaba kwehla ngesikhathi sokugcina, ukunambitheka kwathamba; ngokweziphetho zomsebenzi, zehla amanothi aluhlaza, agazingiwe nakashile “omlilo ophezulu”. Amaphuzu aphelele aphezulu ephanelini longoti abayi-11 atholwa itiye leminyaka eyishumi. Uma liqhathaniswa neleminyaka engamashumi amabili, iphunga lalo lalinamandla futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, kanti ukunambitheka kwalo kwakuthambile, ngakho “okudala kungcono” kulawa masampula akuzange kuqinisekiswe.
Lapho imithombo ingavumelani khona. Eziphethweni ezijwayelekile zalowo msebenzi kuthiwa ukugcina kwakhulisa amathoni amnandi, ezithelo, ezimbali nawezinkuni, kanti isigaba sokuhlolwa kokunambitheka sithi iphunga lezithelo linamandla etiyeni elisha. Ukuhlolwa kokunambitheka kubeka iphunga letiye leminyaka eyishumi ngaphezu kweleminyaka engamashumi amabili, kanti ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziguqukayo kukhombisa ukuthi izimpawu zephunga eziyishumi, kuhlanganise nelezinkuni, etiyeni leminyaka engamashumi amabili zivezwa ngamandla.
Imibandela. Ababhali bocwaningo ngokwabo babhala ukuthi ukubaluleka kokuguga kwaleli tiye kuhlala kuyisiko lesintu, kanti izindlela zokushintsha ngesikhathi sokugcina azifundwanga; amasampula abo yiziqoqo ezintathu zomlimi oyedwa. Izihloko ze-encyclopedia zamanye amatiye esigaba, iJiéyáng chǎo chá, iMéixiàn Lǜchá, iJiāolǐng Lǜchá, zeluleka ukuphuza itiye lisemasha. Ukuguga kungenzeka, kodwa akudingekile kuwo wonke amatiye esigaba.
Itiye elisha: Njengamatiye amaningi aluhlaza, itiye elisha i客家炒绿 ligcinwa ephaketheni elivaleke ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga langaphandle, endaweni epholile.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Mgunyathi

Awekho amanani entengo emithonjeni ehloliwe.

Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo mgunyathi:
- Buza itiye elithile kanye nesifunda. I客家炒绿 yigama lesigaba, hhayi lomkhiqizo owodwa; ngokwemibhalo yaseGuangdong, yilezi eMéizhōu, Héyuán, Huìzhōu, Sháoguān, Jiēyáng nezinye izifunda.
- Umbhalo othi 客家绿茶 ephaketheni ungasho noma yiliphi itiye eliluhlaza lamaHakka, kanti u-炒绿 ngaphandle ko客家 usho noma yiliphi itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe.
- Avikelwe amagama amatiye athile esigaba: isibonelo, iMéixiàn Lǜchá neJiāolǐng Lǜchá ezihlokweni zazo zichazwa njengamatiye anesikhombi sendawo. Kulawo magama kufanele kufunwe uphawu ephaketheni.
- Ubudala bokuguga abukwazi ukuhlolwa ngokubukeka: buza unyaka wokukhiqiza nezimo zokugcina, futhi izimangalo zokuguga amashumi eminyaka zamukele kuphela kubathengisi onesizathu sokubathemba.
- Qhathanisa itiye nezinkombandlela zomklamo wezinga: iqabunga eliqinile, elilingene, eliluhlaza ngokumpunga ngokucwebezela, iphunga lerayisi eligazingiwe, ukukhishwa okukhanyayo nokucacile. Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo “yetiye eligugile” iyisizathu sokungabaza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngokwephepha lomklamo wezinga lokuphisa, ngo-2024 iMéizhōu yakhiqiza amathani ayi-18,500 e客家炒绿, okuyi-55.94 % walo lonke itiye layo.
Umbala weqabunga elomile umklamo wezinga uwuchaza cishe ngobuciko: “isithwathwa” esimpunga eqabungeni esingu-“金砂”, “isihlabathi segolide”, umbala weplatinum emaphutha, kanti isisekelo esiphuzi ngokuluhlaza sithi “翠”.
Emibhalweni emithathu ngesigaba esifanayo kukhona amagama amathathu esiNgisi ahlukene: roasted, stir-fried kanye noKejia green tea nje.
Itiye eligugile lalesi sigaba amaHakka alibiza ngokuthi “itiye eliluhlaza eligcina isikhathi eside”, igama elingavamile esigabeni esivame ukuthandwa ngobusha.
Ocwaningweni lokuguga, okungcono kwakungelona itiye elidala kakhulu: eleminyaka eyishumi ladlula eleminyaka engamashumi amabili.

13. Izinhlobo kanye Nokuhlukaniswa

Ngokobudala nangegama:

I客家炒绿 esha yitiye lesizini yamanje; iphrofayili yilo iphunga lerayisi eligazingiwe, ukunambitheka okuqinile okunobukrakra nokubaba.
I客家炒绿 egugile (陈年客家炒绿) ngaphansi kwaleli gama umklamo wezinga lokuphisa ubhekisa kwizinga elihlukile i T/GDAQI 104; lona luhlobo oluncane, hhayi igama elifanayo.
Itiye eliluhlaza eligugile (老绿茶) lesifunda saseMéixiàn, ngokomklamo weGuangdong Tea Society, yitiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe eligcinwe iminyaka emithathu nangaphezulu; igama elithi 客家炒绿 alikho encazelweni yalo.
Itiye eliluhlaza lamaHakka lephunga elihlanzekile (客家清香型绿茶) yigama elihlukile elinomklamo walo wezinga lobuchwepheshe (2022). Ukuthi umbhalo uluhlobanisa leli tiye ne客家炒绿, akubonakali embhalweni.
Itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe “elipholile” (冰鲜炒青绿茶) ngumklamo wezinga lobuchwepheshe weGuangdong Tea Society (2024) weMéizhōu; alihlobene nesiko lokuguga.
Amagama aseduze: 炒绿 ngokwawo yigama elivamile “eliluhlaza eligazingiwe”, ngaphandle ko客家 alikhombi isiko lamaHakka; u客家炒青 (Kèjiā chǎoqīng) uvela esihlokweni ngeLiánpíng Gāoshān Chá, kanti emithonjeni eyinhloko uvela kuphela egameni elisemthethweni elithi 客家炒青绿茶.

Amtiye esigaba ku-encyclopedia. Imithombo eyinhloko ibiza izifunda, kodwa ayibaluli amatiye anamagama. Lokhu kuhlukanisa ngezansi kungokwesihleli, ngesifunda nobuchwepheshe; kwamanye amatiye kuyaphikisana, futhi lokhu kuphawuliwe.

Huìdōng Lǜ Chá (惠东绿茶) ngesaseHuìzhōu. Isihloko salo ngokwaso sifaka itiye ku客家炒绿 futhi sibiza lobu buchwepheshe njengobuyinhloko.
Méixiàn Lǜchá (梅县绿茶) ngesaseMéizhōu. “Itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe laseMéizhōu lamaHakka”, esihlokweni salo kuthiwa itiye elinesikhombi sendawo (2025); lapho kuphinde kuchazwe ukukhuphuka kwephunga kwesibili cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemva kokoma kokuqala.
Qīngliángshān Chá (清凉山茶) ngesaseMéizhōu, izintaba zaseQīngliángshān. Abezindaba bafaka itiye lezintaba zaseQingliangshan phakathi kwamatiye ayisishiyagalolunye omlando aseMéizhōu. Isihloko salo sifaka itiye esikweni le客家炒绿, kodwa silichaza njenge烘青 (hōngqīng, ukoma ngomoya oshisayo) okunezici zokugazinga, okuphikisana nencazelo yesigaba njenge炒青.
Qīshèjǐng Chá (七畲径茶) ngesaseMéizhōu. Ubuchwepheshe esihlokweni bubizwa ngokuthi 客家炒茶; ukuthi leli gama liyefana ne客家炒绿 imithombo ayikusho ngokusobala, nakuba iphepha leGuangdong Tea Society linikeza i客家炒茶 njengegama elivamile lesigaba.
Mǎtú Lǜ Chá (马图绿茶) ngesaseMéizhōu, itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe ledolobhana lamaHakka; abezindaba bafaka itiye eliluhlaza laseMatu phakathi kwamatiye ayisishiyagalolunye omlando aseMéizhōu.
Jiāolǐng Lǜchá (蕉岭绿茶) ngesaseMéizhōu, isifunda saseJiāolǐng, lapho amasampula ocwaningo lokuguga avela khona. Esihlokweni salo kuthiwa itiye elinesikhombi sendawo (2016), igama elithi “Hakka” alikho kulo, futhi ukuguga lapho kubizwa ngokuthi akudingekile.
Kānghé Chá (康禾茶) ngesaseHéyuán. Itiye lamaHakka elinephunga lerayisi eligazingiwe; ngokwesihloko salo, linesigaba se做青 (zuòqīng), esiseduze nomngcele noluhlaza olubomvu.
Shàngguān Xiānhú Chá (上莞仙湖茶) ngesaseHéyuán. Itiye lamaHakka elinephunga lerayisi eligazingiwe; ngokwesihloko salo, liyi烘青 elinokoma kokugcina ngokushisa.
Jiéyáng chǎo chá (揭阳炒茶) ngesaseJiéyáng. Isitayela sendawo sezifunda zezintaba zamaHakka ngaphakathi kwendawo yesigaba, hhayi igama elifanayo ne客家炒绿; isihloko salo seluleka ukuphuza itiye ezinyangeni zokuqala.
Liánpíng Gāoshān Chá (连平高山茶) ngesaseHéyuán. Igama lesifunda elingenasigaba esisodwa, kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu; umphathi wegama eliseduze elithi 客家炒青.
Wǔpíng Lǜchá (武平绿茶) ngesaseFujian. Itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lamaHakka ngaphandle kweGuangdong; imithombo eyinhloko ayilifaki esigabeni, kodwa futhi ayilikhiphi.
Gǔláochá (古劳茶) ngesaseHèshān. Isihloko salo sibiza itiye njengophawu lwesiko letiye lamaHakka eGuangdong; ukuthi balihlobanisa ne客家炒绿, akwaziwa.

Ekuphetheni:

IKèjiā chǎolǜ ayilona uhlobo noma indawo, kodwa ulimi olujwayelekile lwesifunda sonke: abalimi bamatiye bamaHakka baseMéizhōu, eHéyuán, eHuìzhōu nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane bapheka iqabunga eliluhlaza lize livuthwe ngokugazinga okude ebhodweni, futhi itiye liphuma liqinile, liluhlaza ngokumpunga, linephunga lerayisi eligazingiwe nokunambitheka okuqinile, lapho ubukrakra bulinganiswa nobumnandi obude. Leli yitiye eliluhlaza elingesabi isikhathi: amaHakka alibiza ngetiye eligcina isikhathi eside, futhi bahlukanisa i客家炒绿 egugile njengomkhiqizo ohlukile, nakuba isayensi isaqala ukuhlola ukuthi kwenzekani kulo phakathi neminyaka yokugcina.

Njengamanje lesi sigaba siphila esikhathini samazinga, ukuphisa, ukucubungula, ukuguga kuthola imibhalo yazo, kanti iMéizhōu yakha uphawu phezu kwalesi sigaba. Kulowo ojwayele amatiye aluhlaza athambile asentwasahlobo, iKèjiā chǎolǜ izokhombisa olunye uhlangothi lwesigaba, oluqinile, olunomlilo nolunokubekezela.

Imithombo

Amazinga

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