Yuánjiāng mòlìhuā chá

Yuanjiang Mòlìhuā Chá (Yuánjiāng mòlìhuā chá, 元江茉莉花茶) ndi tiyi wa jasmine wa Yuanjiang Hani Yi Dai Autonomous County (元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县) m’boma la Yuxi, m’chigawo cha Yunnan. Chigawochi chili m’chigwa chotentha ndi chouma, kumene kutentha kumafika msanga, choncho jasmine pano amamera maluwa msanga kuposa kwina kulikonse ku China: maluwa atsopano amapita kumsika kuyambira mwezi wa March, ndipo nyengo imatha mpaka November. Jasmine ku Yuanjiang ndi wachichepere, malinga ndi zofotokozera za m’makampani, adabweretsedwa mu 1998 kuchokera ku Hengxian ku Guangxi. Chigawochi chimapanga makamaka tiyi wodzaza, wokometsedwa katatu; kafukufuku wa m’makampani amamuwerengera pakati pa madera anayi akulu a jasmine m’dzikoli. Dzinalo limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera kuyambira 2003.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wokometsedwa ndi maluwa (花茶, huāchá): maziko a tiyi, okometsedwa kangapo ndi jasmine watsopano. Malinga ndi zofotokozera za m’makampani, maziko ake ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku masamba akulu akulu a Yunnan (Camellia sinensis var. assamica); m’makalata otetezera sindinaone maziko ake. M’gulu la zolemba, tiyi wa jasmine amaikidwa pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira.
Gulu lalikulu: Tiyi wa jasmine wa Yunnan; chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera cha njira yoyendera ndi kuyeza (2003).
Chiyambi: China, Yunnan Province (云南, Yúnnán), Yuxi City Prefecture (玉溪, Yùxī), Yuanjiang Hani Yi Dai Autonomous County (元江, Yuánjiāng).
Malo otetezedwa: Chigawo cha Yuanjiang; malire a malowa mwalamulo sindinafufuze.
Zogwirizana za malo: Pafupifupi 23.6° kumpoto ndi 102.0° kummawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- 1998, kubweretsa. Malinga ndi zofotokozera za m’makampani, jasmine ku Yuanjiang adabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Hengxian (Guangxi), dera lalikulu la jasmine ku China.
- 2003, chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera. Mwa chilengezo cha 2003 No. 5 “元江茉莉花茶” adalandira chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera (原产地标记) cha njira yoyendera ndi kuyeza; m’chilengezocho chimalembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malonda 玉元牌.
- 2019. Dzinali lili m’ndandanda wa chigawo cha Yunnan wa 28 December 2019, m’gawo la zizindikiro za komwe zimachokera, pansi pa nambala 4.
- 2025, malingaliro. M’kalata yosanthula ya ofesi ya ziwerengero za chigawo (2025) pakati pa njira zoperekera malingaliro kuti akwaniritse “元江茉莉花茶”, pamodzi ndi mango wakumaloko ndi aloe, chizindikiro cha boma cha malonda a komwe chimachokera. Izi ndi malingaliro, osati pempho loperekedwa kapena kulembetsa kwachiwiri.
Dzina:
- “Yuanjiang” (元江) ndi dzina la chigawo ndi mtsinje.
- “Mòlìhuā chá” (茉莉花茶, mòlìhuā chá) amatanthauza “tiyi ndi maluwa a jasmine”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Kafukufuku wa m’makampani amaika Yuanjiang pakati pa madera anayi akulu a jasmine ku China, pafupi ndi Hengxian (Guangxi), Fuzhou (Fujian) ndi Qianwei (犍为, Sichuan). Udindo wake pakati pa anayiwa ndi nyengo yoyamba komanso yayitali kwambiri ya maluwa atsopano.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Chomera chokometsera: Jasmine sambac (Jasminum sambac), wobweretsedwa kuchokera ku Hengxian. Mtundu wanji womwe amalima m’chigawochi sunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Maziko a tiyi: Malinga ndi zofotokozera za m’makampani, tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku masamba akulu akulu a Yunnan (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), wodzaza komanso wosamva kutentha kwambiri. Mtundu wa chitsamba ndi zofunikira pa maziko sindinapeze m’makalata.
Kututa maluwa: Kuyambira March mpaka November; maluwa atsopano amapita kumsika msanga kuposa madera ena a m’dzikoli.

4. Malo ndi Momwe Amalimira

Dera: Chigwa cha mtsinje wa Yuanjiang m’chigawo chapakati chakumwera kwa Yunnan.
Nyengo: Chigwa chotentha ndi chouma (干热河谷, gānrè hégǔ): m’chisanu kutentha kumafika msanga, ndalama za kutentha zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zazikulu. Izi ndizo zimasuntha maluwa a jasmine kukhala March. Malinga ndi zolemba za chigawochi, kutentha kwapachaka kumakhala pafupifupi 23.9 °C, mvula pafupifupi 805 mm pachaka.
Malo: Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya malo ndi zokolola m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Kutalika ndi dothi: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tapeza.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndi kukometsera (窨制, xūnzhì): maziko a tiyi amatenga fungo la maluwa omwe akutuluka. Ku Yuanjiang chinthu chachikulu ndi tiyi wokometsedwa katatu (三窨, sān xūn) wa mtundu wodzaza (浓香型, nóngxiāngxíng): maluwa a kuno ndi onunkhira kwambiri.

Ndondomeko yofananira ya gulu ili la tiyi wa jasmine:

Kututa maluwa osatuluka: Maluwa akulu oyera amatutidwa masana, osatulukabe.
“Kusamalira” maluwa (养花, yǎnghuā): Maluwa amasungidwa kuti atuluke mofanana; jasmine amatuluka ndi kununkhira kwambiri madzulo ndi usiku.
Kusakaniza ndi tiyi (拌花, bànhuā): Maluwa omwe akutuluka amasakanizidwa ndi maziko ake.
Kukometsera: Zimachitika usiku wonse; kenako maluwa amachotsedwa (起花, qǐhuā), ndipo tiyi amayanika.
Kubwereza: Ndi maluwa atsopano; kwa tiyi wa Yuanjiang, nthawi zambiri katatu.

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yofananira ya gulu ili, osati kufotokozera kwa ukadaulo wa wopanga wina; zofunikira sizinaperekedwe m’magwero omwe tapeza.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Kufotokozera kumene kuli pansipa kumachokera ku kafukufuku wa m’makampani a madera anayi a jasmine, osati m’chikalata choteteza.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Wokulungidwa mwamphamvu, woonda komanso wosakhwima, ndi tsitsi lowoneka ndi mphukira zonse, wopepuka, wonyezimira (条索紧结细嫩、毫显有峰苗、色泽亮白光润).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Fungo la tiyi: Lokwezeka komanso lodzaza, latsopano komanso lokhalitsa (香高浓郁、鲜灵持久).
Kukoma: Kofewa komanso kodzaza, kopanda kuwawa kapena kukoma, kosalala komanso kotentha; tiyi ndi wosamva kutentha kwambiri (柔顺饱满无苦涩、醇和温润极耐泡).
Mtundu wa tiyi: Wooneka bwino, wachikasu chowala (清澈透亮淡黄色).
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Atsopano, osakhwima, owoneka bwino (鲜嫩质感有光泽).

7. Zopangidwa ndi Mankhwala

Palibe deta yeniyeni ya tiyi wa Yuanjiang m’magwero omwe tapeza. Fungo limachokera ku zinthu zosakhazikika za maluwa, zomwe maziko ake amazitenga; zopangidwa za maziko zimatengera gulu lake ndi zopangira.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Njira ya gulu ili ya tiyi wa jasmine.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85-90 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Gaiwan yokhala ndi chivundikiro, imateteza fungo, kapena teapot ya porcelain.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa zida.
2. Ikani tiyi.
3. Thirani madzi ndikutseka nthawi yomweyo ndi chivundikiro.
4. Kupanga koyamba, mphindi 1-2 mu gaiwan.
5. Asanamwe, kwezani chivundikiro ndikupumira fungo.
6. Kubwereza kawiri kapena kanayi; maziko a masamba akulu nthawi zambiri amapirira kuposa a masamba aang’ono.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu ili. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa, pamalo ouma ozizira opanda kuwala, mosamala popanda fungo lina lililonse: maziko amene anatenga jasmine amatenganso fungo lachilendo mosavuta. Tiyi wa jasmine ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe tapeza.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Fufuzani kuti chimachokera ku chigawo cha Yuanjiang ndi chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera.
- Fungo lenileni la jasmine limachokera ku kukometsera ndi maluwa amoyo; fungo lakuthwa la “mankhwala onunkhira” lomwe limatha mofulumira pambuyo pa kupanga koyamba ndi chizindikiro cha chonunkhira.
- Maluwa owuma mu paketi samatsimikizira khalidwe: pambuyo pa kukometsera maluwa nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa.
- Tiyi wa jasmine wa m’chisanu womwe umabwera msanga kuposa wina aliyense sikuti ndi wa Yuanjiang; fufuzani wopanga.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Ku Yuanjiang kuli jasmine woyamba ku China: maluwa amakhala pamsika kuyambira March.
Jasmine pano ndi wocheperapo kuposa m’madera ena akulu: adabweretsedwa kokha mu 1998, kuchokera ku Hengxian.
Chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera cha 2003 chinaperekedwa ku dzina limodzi ndi chizindikiro china cha malonda.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wa jasmine

Hengxian Mòlìhuā Chá (横县茉莉花茶): Dera lalikulu la jasmine ku China ndi gwero la jasmine wa Yuanjiang; nyengo kumeneko ndi kuyambira April mpaka October, pamene ya Yuanjiang imayamba msanga.
Mòlìhuā Chá (茉莉花茶): Ndemanga ya tiyi wa jasmine m’gulu la zolemba, ukadaulo ndi mitundu.
Mòlì Yín Háo (茉莉银毫): Tiyi wa jasmine wopangidwa pa maziko a tiyi wobiriwira wa mphukira zoyamba, chitsanzo cha gulu lapamwamba la gulu ili.
Mòlì Lóng Zhū (茉莉龙珠): Mtundu wa tiyi wa jasmine, “ngale” zokulungidwa.

Pomaliza:

Yuanjiang Mòlìhuā Chá ndi jasmine woyamba ku China. Zitsamba, zomwe zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Hengxian mu 1998, zidakula bwino m’chigwa chotentha chouma ndipo zimatulutsa maluwa msanga kuposa kwina kulikonse ku China; kuchokera ku maluwa amenewa chigawochi chimapanga tiyi wodzaza, wokometsedwa katatu. Zikalata zotetezera zikadali zochepa kuposa m’makampani enieni: chizindikiro cha komwe chimachokera cha 2003 chilipo, pomwe chizindikiro chatsopano cha tiyi chikadali malingaliro okha.