Dàzú sōngmíng · thetea.app

Dazu Songming (Dàzú sōngmíng, 大足松茗) ndi mtundu wa tiyi wa chigawo cha Dazu (大足区) mumzinda wa Chongqing (直辖市), womwe chigawochi chikufuna kusandutsa kukhala chizindikiro chogwirizana chachigawo chonse chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical. Pakadali pano chimenechi ndi cholinga chabe, osati dzina lotetezedwa: mu June 2025 komiti ya zaulimi ya chigawochi inayankha phungu wa msonkhano wachigawo kuti ndondomeko ya pempholi yakonzedwa, ndipo dera loyenera lidzakhala makamaka m’mphepete mwa phiri la Bayueshan (巴岳山). Gulu la tiyi pansi pa dzinali silinatchulidwe m’mabuku omwe tapeza, ndipo mabungwe a tiyi a m’chigawochi amapanga tiyi wobiriwira komanso wofiira.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Sizinadziwike. Kalata ya 2025 imatchula “大足松茗” monga imodzi mwa zizindikiro khumi ndi chimodzi zakomweko, koma sinatchule gulu lake; kusonkhanitsa kwa maphunziro kwa tiyi otchuka a ku China kumangolemba za zopangira. Dzina loyandikira kwambiri ndi “石都松茗” pansi pa chizindikiro cha “石都茗芽” limatchedwa tiyi wobiriwira, koma ili ndi dzina lina. Kampani ya tiyi ya m’tauni ya Gulong imalandira mphoto za tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira, choncho kupereka gulu limodzi ku chizindikiro chamtsogolo kungakhale kulingalira chabe.
Gulu lalikulu: Chizindikiro cha malonda chakomweko; chizindikiro chogwirizana chachigawo chomwe chikufunidwa.
Mkhalidwe wa chitetezo: Palibe chizindikiro cha geographical indication kapena geographical mark. Kalata ya komiti ya zaulimi ya chigawo № 〔2025〕103号 imalongosola ndondomeko yokha: bungwe, mulingo wa gulu, chigamulo cha dera, pempho la chizindikiro cha geographical certification. Kaundula wa polojekiti wa 2026 umatchula dzinali ngati lingaliro lomwe pempho silinaperekedwe.
Chiyambi: China, mzinda wodziyimira pawokha wa Chongqing (重庆, Chóngqìng), chigawo cha Dazu (大足, Dàzú). Tiyi wambiri wa m’chigawochi amachokera ku tauni ya Gulong (古龙镇) m’mphepete mwa phiri la Bayueshan.
Dera lomwe likufunidwa: “Makamaka m’mphepete mwa phiri la Bayueshan”. Malire omwe komiti inafuna kutulutsa kuchokera m’mbiri ya chigawo, zolemba zaulimi ndi za zinthu, ndikupereka ku boma la chigawo kuti livomereze. Dera lovomerezeka silinapezeke m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Malo ogwirizana: Chigawo cha Dazu chili pafupifupi 29,7° kumpoto ndi 105,7° kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthano ya Bayueshan. Malinga ndi lipoti la portal ya nkhani ya Hualong wang (华龙网, 2024), tiyi wa ku Bayueshan “水南茶” ankaikidwa pamodzi ndi “赵坡” wa ku Guanghan, “白芽” wa ku Emei ndi “蒙顶” wa ku Ya’an monga miyala inayi yamtengo wapatali ya tiyi wa Sichuan ndipo ankaperekedwa ngati msonkho kwa nyumba yachifumu. Sindinapeze gwero loyambirira; awa ndi mawu a atolankhani, ndipo salumikizana mwachindunji ndi chizindikiro cha Songming.
- 1974. Malinga ndi lipoti lomwelo, m’tauni ya Gulong anayamba kutsuka mapiri ndi kubzala tiyi mokulirakulira, potengera zomwe zinalipo kale.
- Kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1970. Fakitale ya tiyi ya Gulong inayambitsa luso lapamwamba kwambiri la nthawi imeneyo la tiyi wofiira, ndipo zinthu zake, malinga ndi atolankhani, zinkatumizidwa ku UK ndi US. Pambuyo pake kutumiza kunachepa, minda inasiyidwa, ndipo m’zaka zoyipa kwambiri minda yomwe inkakololedwa inali yosakwana 1000 mu.
- 2006. Zizindikiro zisanu — “大足龙芽”, “大足松茗”, “古龙毛峰”, “古龙珍美” ndi “古龙春露” — zinalandira satifiketi ya boma ya “green food” (绿色食品, lǜsè shípǐn).
- 2025, Januware. Lipoti la ntchito ya boma la chigawo linatchula “大足松茗” pakati pa zinthu zakomweko zopangira zomwe ziyenera kukulitsidwa, pamodzi ndi vinyo ndi zokometsera.
- 2025, Juni. Yankho la komiti ya zaulimi ku lingaliro la phungu la “kufulumizitsa kupanga chizindikiro cha tiyi cha „大足松茗“ chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical chofanana” (kalata № 〔2025〕103号 ya 11 Juni, yofalitsidwa 29 Julayi).
Dzina: “Dazu” (大足) ndi dzina la chigawo; “song” (松) ndi paini; “ming” (茗) ndi mawu am’mabuku otanthauza tiyi. Pamodzi, “tiyi wa paini”: chithunzi, osati chisonyezo cha mtundu kapena gulu.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dazu imadziwika ndi zojambula zamwala (大足石刻), ndipo m’maina a zizindikiro zakomweko kumamveka mwala: “石都” mu “石都茗芽” ndi “石都松茗” amatanthauza “likulu la miyala”, ndipo chizindikiro cha “大足龙芽” chili ndi mzere wa “禅茶” — “tiyi wa Chan”. M’tauni ya Gulong tiyi amapita ku khitchini: atolankhani amafotokoza nkhanu ndi tsamba la “龙芽” lomwe linasonkhanitsidwa pafupi ndi chikondwerero cha Qingming, ndi supu ya nkhuku ndi bowa pa tiyi wofiira.

3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Palibe mitundu m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Zopangira: Kusonkhanitsa kwa maphunziro kwa tiyi otchuka malinga ndi zigawo kumati Songming amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi ndi nsonga za masika (一芽一叶、春尖), zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa mu “dera la chilengedwe la phiri la Gulongshan” (古龙山生态区). Ili ndi gwero lachiwiri lopanda zolembedwa.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: Kwa Songming palibe deta. Kwa chizindikiro choyandikira “大足龙芽” atolankhani amatchula kusonkhanitsa pafupi ndi Qingming.
Zofunikira za zopangira: Komiti inafuna kugwirizana ndi mabungwe malamulo opangira ndi muyeso wa khalidwe ndi kutulutsa mulingo wa gulu; malemba a mulingo wotere palibe m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima

Dera: Kumadzulo kwa Chongqing. Phiri la Bayueshan limafikira ku chigawo choyandikira cha Yongchuan (永川): kusonkhanitsa kwa maphunziro kwa tiyi otchuka kumatchula phiri ili pakati pa mapiri a tiyi a Yongchuan.
Nyengo: Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa atolankhani, nyengo yaying’ono ya chigwa ya tauni ya Gulong, nkhalango zowirira ndi akasupe.
Dothi: Atolankhani amalemba za selenium ndi strontium (硒锶) mu tiyi wakomweko, koma sapereka manambala; sitingapange mfundo za ubwino pa izi.
Kutalika kwa malo: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Malo ndi zokolola: Malinga ndi lipoti la Hualong wang (2024), m’tauni ya Gulong pali minda yoposa 4500 mu m’magulu 26, mwa iyo yoposa 2500 mu ndi kukolola, ndi mabungwe awiri a tiyi; pachaka pano amapeza matani opitilira 300 a tsamba latsopano ndi matani opitilira 60 a tiyi womalizidwa pa yuan 36 miliyoni — 80% ya tiyi ya chigawocho. Kalata ya 2025 imawerengera mabungwe asanu a tiyi, maziko awiri ndi zinthu 16 zokhala ndi satifiketi ya “green food”.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Luso la Songming palibe m’mabuku omwe tapeza, ndipo gulu silinakhazikitsidwe. Ngati chizindikirocho chidzaphatikiza tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira wa m’chigawocho, maluso adzakhala osiyana: kwa wobiriwira sitepe yayikulu ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kutentha (杀青, shāqīng), kwa wofiira ndi kufowoketsa (萎凋, wěidiāo), kupotoza ndi kupesa (发酵, fājiào). Awa ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya magulu, osati kufotokoza Dazu Songming.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Funiro la tsamba louma: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Funiro la madzi: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Kukoma: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Mtundu wa madzi: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m’mabuku omwe tapeza. Kutchulidwa kwa selenium ndi strontium m’manyuzipepala sikuperekedwa ndi manambala kapena njira ya kafukufuku.

8. Kuphika

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Magawo amadalira mtundu wa tiyi umene uli pansi pa chizindikiro m’manja.

Wobiriwira: 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kuphika koyamba masekondi 40–60, kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan, kuthira kawiri kapena katatu.
Wofiira: 90–95 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kuphika koyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain, kuthira kangapo ndikuwonjezera nthawi.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Tiyi wobiriwira mu phukusi lopanda mpweya, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, kumwa mkati mwa chaka. Wofiira pamalo owuma amdima pa kutentha kwapakati, mu phukusi lolimba, kutali ndi fungo.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Kumbukirani kuti pa tsiku la kalata ya 2025 dzinali linalibe chizindikiro cha geographical indication kapena geographical mark: zolemba zotere pa phukusi la Songming sizitsimikiziridwa ndi zolemba.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa chigawo cha Dazu, makamaka wa tauni ya Gulong.
- Musasokoneze ndi “石都松茗”: ili ndi dzina lina, chopangidwa ndi chizindikiro cha “石都茗芽”.
- Satifiketi ya “green food” yomwe chizindikirocho chinalandira mu 2006; ngati ikugwirabe ntchito, sizinanenedwe m’mabuku omwe tapeza, onani nambala pa phukusi.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Lingaliro la kusandutsa chizindikiro kukhala chofanana ndi chizindikiro cha geographical linaperekedwa si ndi wopanga, koma ndi phungu wa msonkhano wa chigawo cha nthumwi za anthu; yankho ku lingaliro limeneli linakhala chikalata chachikulu cha Songming.
Kuyankha kwa komiti kunaphatikizapo dongosolo la kulembetsa bungwe la anthu: kuti apange bungwe la tiyi, pamafunika mamembala osachepera 50 aumwini kapena 30 aakulu ndi ndalama zosachepera 30,000 yuan.
Pakati pa zizindikiro khumi ndi chimodzi za chigawochi pali maina awiri a “paini” — “大足松茗” ndi “石都松茗”.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi ena a Chongqing

Yongchuan Xiu Ya (永川秀芽): Tiyi wobiriwira wopangidwa ndi singano wa chigawo choyandikira cha Yongchuan; pakati pa mapiri ake a tiyi palinso Bayueshan. Iye, mosiyana ndi Songming, ali ndi chizindikiro cha geographical.
Banan Yin Zhen (巴南银针): Tiyi wobiriwira wopangidwa ndi singano wa chigawo cha Banan, womwe, malinga ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa maphunziro, unapangidwa mu 1980.
Nanchuan Dashu Cha (南川大树茶): Tiyi wa mtundu wakomweko wa mitengo ikuluikulu ya chigawo cha Nanchuan; mosiyana ndi Songming, kale amatetezedwa ngati chinthu chaulimi chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication.

Pomaliza:

Dazu Songming ndi dzina lomwe chigawocho chikungofuna kusandutsa kukhala chizindikiro chofanana. Zolemba za iye zimalankhula za kayendetsedwe, osati za tiyi: ndondomeko ya bungwe, mulingo wa gulu ndi dera m’mphepete mwa Bayueshan, lomwe likuyenera kuvomerezedwa. Tiyi pafupi ndi phiri limeneli amapangidwa kuyambira zaka za m’ma 1970, wobiriwira ndi wofiira; momwe maonekedwe a Songming adzakhalire ndi gulu limene adzapatsidwe, zidzawonetsedwa ndi mulingo, ngati utulutsidwe.