Dàzú sōngmíng · thetea.app

I-Dazu Songming (Dàzú sōngmíng, 大足松茗) wuphawu lwetiye lwesifunda sase-Dazu (大足区) sedolobha elilawulwa ngqo i-Chongqing, lesifunda lesifuna kuliguqula libe wuphawu lwesifunda loluvamile nolunophawu lweendawo. Njengamanje lokhu kungumcabango, hhayi ligama lelivikelwe: ngoJuni 2025, ikhomishana yezolimo yesifunda yaphendula ilungu lekomidi yesifunda kutsi luhlelo lwesicelo selubhaliwe, nekutsi indzawo itawuhanjiswa ikakhulu eceleni kwentsaba i-Bayueshan (巴岳山). Sigaba setiye ngaphansi kwaleligama asikatholakali emitfoleni, kantsi tinkapani tetiye talesifunda tentela kokubili tiye leluhlata kanye netiye lebovu.

1. Kugcinwa ngeSigaba kanye Nemsuka

Luhlobo: Akukanakwa. Incwadi yanga-2025 ibita “大足松茗” njengelinye emahlelweni endawo lasishiyagalolunye, kodvwa ayibeki sigaba; incwadi yekufundzela yetiye ledvumile yaseChina ibhala kuphela ngezinto letisetshenziswayo. Ligama lelisedvute kakhulu ngegama — “石都松茗” ngaphansi kwemkhicito we “石都茗芽” — libizwa ngetiye leluhlata, kodvwa leli lelinye igama. Inkampani yetiye yasedolobheni lase-Gulong ithola imiklomelo yetiye leluhlata kanye nalelibovu, ngako-ke kuniketa uphawu lwekusasa sigaba sinye kungaba kucabanga nje.
Sigaba: Uphawu lwekuhwebelana lwendawo; uphawu lwesifunda loluhlongozwayo loluvamile.
Simo sekuvikelwa: Ayikho inkomba yendawo kanye nophawu lwendawo. Incwadi yekhomishana yezolimo yesifunda № 〔2025〕103号 ichaza kuphela luhlelo: inhlangano, lizinga lelicembu, sincumo ngendzawo, kanye nesicelo sophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo. Ireyistri yephrojekthi yanga-2026 ibala leligama njengesiphakamiso lesingakafakwa.
Imsuka: I-China, idolobha lelilawulwa ngqo i-Chongqing (重庆, Chóngqìng), sifunda sase-Dazu (大足, Dàzú). Inkhulungwane yetiye yesifunda ivelakakhulu edolobheni lase-Gulong (古龙镇) ngasekucaleni kwentsaba i-Bayueshan.
Indzawo lehlongozwayo: “Ikakhulu eceleni kwentsaba i-Bayueshan”. Imingcele ikhomishana beyihlose kuyikhipha emibhalweni yesifunda, emibhalweni yezolimo kanye nasemibhalweni yemikhicito, bese iyidlulisela kuhulumeni wesifunda kutsi agunyate. Indzawo legunyatiwe ayikho emitfoleni letfolakele.
Tihlangotsi telizwe: Sifunda sase-Dazu — cishe 29,7° enyakatho kanye 105,7° empumalanga.

2. Umlandvo kanye Nekubaluleka Kwemasiko

Umlandvo:
- Inganekwane ngeBayueshan. Ngekubika kwembiko wetindzaba we-Hualong wang (华龙网, 2024), tiye yaseBayueshan “水南茶” beyibekwa eceleni kwe-Guanghan “赵坡”, i-Emei “白芽” kanye ne-Ya’an “蒙顶” njengematje amane etiye yaseSichuan, futsi beyinikelwa enkantolo. Asikatholi umtfombo wekucala; lesi sitatimende sephephandzaba, futsi asihlangene ngalokusemtsetfweni nemkhicito we-Songming.
- 1974. Ngekubika lokufananako, edolobheni lase-Gulong kucalwe kucwenga imincele nekutjala tiye ngebunyenti — ngesisekelo sekutjala lokwendlulile.
- Emaphetselweni eminyaka yabo-1970. Imboni yetiye yaseGulong yasebentisa buchwepheshe lobuncono kakhulu bangaleso sikhatsi betiye lebovu, futsi imikhicito yayo, ngekwemavi ephephandzaba, beyitfunyelwa etsanga eGreat Britain nase-United States. Kamuva kutfumela ngaphandle kwehla, emasimini etiye ashiywa, futsi eminyakeni lemibi kakhulu simo semasimini lokuvunwa kuso besingaphansi kwe-1000 mu.
- 2006. Emahlelo lasihlanu — “大足龙芽”, “大足松茗”, “古龙毛峰”, “古龙珍美” kanye “古龙春露” — atfola sitifiketi sikahulumende se “mkhicito loluhlata” (绿色食品, lǜsè shípǐn).
- 2025, Januwari. Umbiko ngemsebenti wahulumeni wesifunda wabita “大足松茗” emkhicitweni wendawo wekucutjulula lokufanele utfutfukiswe — eceleni kwewayini netinongo.
- 2025, Juni. Impendulo yekhomishana yezolimo esiphakamisweni selungu lekomidi mayelana “nekusheshisa kudala uphawu lwetiye ‘大足松茗’ nophawu lomphakatsi lwendawo” (incwadi № 〔2025〕103号 ya-11 Juni, yashicilelwa 29 Julayi).
Ligama: “Dazu” (大足) — ligama lesifunda; “sung” (松) — umsayini; “ming” (茗) — ligama lebhuku letiye. Kuhlangene — “itiye yemsayini”: umfanekiso, hhayi inkomba yeluhlobo noma yesigaba.
Kubaluleka kwemasiko: I-Dazu idvume ngemidwebo emadvwaleni (大足石刻), futsi emagameni emkhicito wendawo akhuluma ngetje: “石都” ku “石都茗芽” kanye “石都松茗” kusho “inhlokodolobha yematje”, kantsi emkhicitweni we “大足龙芽” kunemugca we “禅茶” — “itiye ye-chan”. Edolobheni lase-Gulong itiye iphindze iye ekhishini: emaphephandzaba achaza emashrimpu anelicembu le “龙芽”, levunwe ngekucishe emholidini weQingming, kanye nesobho lenkhukhu nemakhowe ngetiye lebovu.

3. Incazelo yeBotanical kanye Nekusetjenziswa Kwekucala

Luhlobo / Cultivar: Atikho tinhlobo emitfoleni letfolakele.
Kusetjenziswa: Incwadi yekufundzela yetiye ledvumile ngetifundza ibhala kutsi i-Songming yenziwa ngehlumela linye nelicembu linye kanye netihloko tasentfwasahlobo (一芽一叶、春尖), letivunwe “endzaweni yemvelo yentsaba i-Gulongshan” (古龙山生态区). Lona ngumtfombo wesibili longenatihlanganiso.
Sikhatsi sekuvuna: Kute imininingwane ngeSongming. Emkhicitweni wesifunda loseceleni “大足龙芽”, emaphephandzaba akhuluma ngekuvuna ngekucishe eQingming.
Tidzingo tekusetjenziswa: Ikhomishana beyihlose kuvumelana netinkapani ngemithetho yekukhicita kanye nelizinga lekhwalithi, bese ikhipha lizinga lelicembu; umbhalo walelo zinga awukho emitfoleni letfolakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Netakhiwo Tekutjala

Sifunda: ENshonalanga yeChongqing. Intsaba i-Bayueshan iyadlulela nasesifundeni lesingumakhelwane i-Yongchuan (永川): incwadi yekufundzela yetiye ledvumile ibita phakatsi kwetintsaba tetiye taseYongchuan.
Simo selitulu: Ngekuchazwa kwephephandzaba — simo selitulu lesincane sase-Gulong, emahlatsi lashubile kanye nemitfombo.
Inhlabatsi: Emaphephandzaba akhuluma nge-selenium ne-strontium (硒锶) etiyeni yendawo, kodvwa akayiniketi tinombolo; akukafanele kufinyelelwa etiphetfweni ngemphilo.
Bude bekutjala: Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.
Indzawo nekukhicita: Ngekubika kwe-Hualong wang (2024), edolobheni lase-Gulong kunetindzawo lettingetulu kwe-4500 mu emihlanganweni le-26, kuleto tingetulu kwe-2500 mu letivunwayo, kanye netinkapani letimbili tetiye; ngemnyaka lapha kutfola kungaphezu kwama-300 t emacembu lamasha kanye nekungaphezu kwama-60 t etiye leselilungile ngetigidzi letingu-36 zema-yuan — kungu-80% wetiye yesifunda. Incwadi yanga-2025 ibala esifundeni tinkapani letisihlanu tetiye, tisekelo letimbili kanye nemikhicito le-16 ngesitifiketi se “mkhicito loluhlata”.

5. Buchwepheshe Bekukhicita

Buchwepheshe be-Songming abukho emitfoleni letfolakele, kantsi sigaba asikakanakwa. Uma uphawu lufaka ekhatsi tiye leluhlata nalelibovu yesifunda, buchwepheshe butawuhluka: etiyeni leluhlata sincanelo lesinkhulu kugcinisisa ngekushisa (杀青, shāqīng), etiyeni lebovu kuguca (萎凋, wěidiāo), kusonta kanye nekubilisa (发酵, fājiào). Lena yindlela levamile yetigaba, hhayi incazelo ye-Dazu Songming.

6. Timfanelo te-Organoleptic

Kubukeka kwelicembu lelomile: Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.
Iphunga lelicembu lelomile: Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.
Iphunga leliwayini: Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.
Kunambitsa: Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.
Umbala weliwayini: Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.
Licembu letiye (licembu leliphekiwe): Ayikho imininingwane emitfoleni letfolakele.

7. Kusebenta Kwemakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physico-chemical emitfoleni letfolakele. Kukhuluma nge-selenium ne-strontium emaphephandzaba akuhambisani netinombolo noma nendlela yekuhlaziya.

8. Kuhlanganisa

Kuhlangenwe nako kwesigaba. Timphawu tincike ekutseni nguyiphi itiye leliphatswe ngaphansi kwemkhicito.

Leluhlata: 80–85 °C, 3 g nge-150 ml, kuhlanganisa kwekucala emasekhondini langa-40–60, ingilazi noma i-gaiwan, kuphindza katsatfu.
Lebovu: 90–95 °C, 3 g nge-150 ml, kuhlanganisa kwekucala cishe umzuzu, i-gaiwan noma i-porcelain teapot, kuphindza lokunyenti nekudzelela.

9. Kugcinwa

Kuhlangenwe nako kwesigaba. Itiye leluhlata — egcumeni elivalekile, esiqandisini e-0–5 °C, kungabi nekukhanya, umswakama kanye nemaphunga, liphuzwe ngemnyaka munye. Lebovu — endzaweni leyomile nemnyama ezingeni lekushisa leligumbi, egcumeni lelicinile, kude nemaphunga.

10. Intengo kanye Nekukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngetintengo emitfoleni letfolakele.

Kugwema kukhwabanisa:
- Khumbula kutsi ngesikhatsi sencwadi yanga-2025 leligama belingekabi nayo inkomba yendawo noma uphawu lwendawo: lokubhalwa etipaketini lwe-Songming akufakazelwa ngemibhalo.
- Hlola kutsi umkhiciti uvela esifundeni sase-Dazu, kungcono kakhulu edolobheni lase-Gulong.
- Ungadidani ne “石都松茗”: leli lelinye igama, umkhicito we “石都茗芽”.
- Sitifiketi se “mkhicito loluhlata” umkhicito wasitfola nga-2006; kutsi usekhona yini njengamanje, akukashivo emitfoleni letfolakele — bheka inombolo etipaketini.

11. Emaphuzu Lajabulisako

Kugucula umkhicito ube wuphawu lwesifunda nophawu lwendawo kuhlongotwe hhayi ngumkhiciti, kodvwa lilungu lekomidi yesifunda lebamele bantfu; impendulo kulesiphakamiso ibe ngumbhalo lomkhulu ngeSongming.
Empendulweni kunamatshelwe yindlela yekubhalisa inhlangano yomphakatsi: kute kudaleke inhlangano yetiye, kudzingeka emalunga langaphansi kwe-50 emunye ngamunye noma langaphansi kwe-30 ebucopho, kanye nemali lengaphansi kwe-30,000 yuan yemsebenti.
Emahlelweni lasishiyagalolunye esifunda kunemagama lamabili “emsayini” — “大足松茗” kanye “石都松茗”.

12. Kucatsaniswa naletinye tiye taseChongqing

I-Yongchuan Xiu Ya (永川秀芽): Itiye leluhlata lelinelinaliti lesifunda lesingumakhelwane i-Yongchuan; phakatsi kwetintsaba talo tetiye kubuye kubitwe i-Bayueshan. Yona, ngokungafani neSongming, inophawu lwendawo.
I-Banan Yin Zhen (巴南银针): Itiye leluhlata lelinelinaliti lesifunda sase-Banan, lelidale, ngekufundzela, nga-1980.
I-Nanchuan Dashu Cha (南川大树茶): Itiye lelivelile eluhlobeni lwendawo lwetihlahla letikhulu tesifunda sase-Nanchuan; ngokungafani neSongming, selivele livikelwe njengemkhicito wezolimo onophawu lwendawo.

Ekugcineni:

I-Dazu Songming — ligama lesifunda lesifuna kuphela kuliguqula libe wuphawu lwesifunda. Imibhalo ngalo ikhuluma ngekuphatsa, hhayi ngetiye: luhlelo lwenhlangano, lizinga lelicembu kanye nendzawo eceleni kwe-Bayueshan, lokusafanele kugunyatwe. Itiye kulentaba lenziwa kusukela eminyakeni yabo-1970, kokubili leluhlata nalelibovu; kutsi sitfombe seSongming sitawuba njani nekutsi sinikelelwa kusiphi sigaba, kutawuboniswa lizinga, uma likhishwa.