I-Ruisui Tianhe Cha (Ruìsuì Tiānhè chá, 瑞穗天鶴茶) — “itiye likanokhwe wasezulwini lase-Ruisui”, uphawu lwetiye oluhlanganyelwe lwasethafeni i-Wuhe (舞鶴台地, Wǔhè táidì) esifundeni sase-Ruisui esifundazweni i-Hualien empumalanga ye-Thayiwani. Leli yigama lendawo, hhayi isigaba: ngaphansi kwalo kukhona itiye elibomvu “elinobusi” eligaywe ngokuphelele kanye netiye eligaywe kancane elinezimbali ze-pomelo. Igama elithi “天鶴茶” lanikezwa itiye lendawo ngo-1979, uphawu lweqoqo lwenhlangano yabalimi base-Ruisui lusebenza kusukela ngo-2009.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Asikho isigaba esisodwa. Ingosi yezokuvakasha kwezolimo ibiza izikhundla ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-“天鶴茶”: itiye elibomvu elinobusi (蜜香紅茶, mìxiāng hóngchá) — eligaywe ngokuphelele, kanye netiye elinezimbali ze-pomelo (柚花茶, yòuhuā chá) — eligaywe kancane. Ukuthi yini ehamba phambili lapha, imithombo ikubheka ngendlela ehlukile: ngokwe-Wikipedia yesiShayina, amapulazi asethafeni enza kakhulu itiye eligaywe kancane, ngokwephephandaba i-“Ziyou shibao” (2016) — cishe amaphesenti angama-90 esifunda enza itiye elibomvu elinobusi.
- Isigaba: Uphawu lweqoqo (團體商標, tuántǐ shāngbiāo). Ngokohlu lwezimpawu zemvelaphi lweHhovisi Lempahla Yobuhlakani laseThayiwani, uphawu № 01386959 lungolwenhlangano yabalimi base-Ruisui (花蓮縣瑞穗鄉農會) futhi lusebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-16 Novemba 2009 kuze kube umhla ka-15 Novemba 2029.
- Ukuphikisana ngesimo: Ingosi yezokuvakasha kwezolimo ibiza i-“天鶴茶” ngophawu lwemvelaphi lwesifunda setiye sase-Wuhe. Uhlu lwehhovisi lulibala njengophawu lweqoqo, kanti ukubuyekezwa kwezimpawu zaseThayiwani kuka-2020 kuphawula ngokuqondile: wuphawu lweqoqo, hhayi uphawu lwemvelaphi.
- Imvelaphi: I-Thayiwani (臺灣, Táiwān), isifundazwe i-Hualien (花蓮縣, Huālián xiàn), isifunda i-Ruisui (瑞穗鄉, Ruìsuì xiāng), ithafa i-Wuhe.
- Indawo: Imingcele eqondile yendawo yophawu ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Tropic of Cancer idlula ethafeni — cishe u-23.5° enyakatho kanye no-121.4° empumalanga.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Isikhathi samaJaphani. Inkampani yaseJapane i-住田株式會社 yalima ithafa futhi yalitshala ikhofi i-arabica, kodwa, ngokwengosi, ngenxa yokuhlasela kwezintuthwane lo mzamo wawuyekwa. Manje izakhamuzi zivuselela ikhofi ngaphansi kwegama elithi “舞鶴咖啡”.
- Iminyaka yawo-1970. Uhulumeni waqala ukukhuthaza itiye lapha, futhi abantu abaningi basentshonalanga yesiqhingi bathuthela ethafeni. Ngokwenye incazelo yengosi efanayo, ngo-1973 abalimi base-Taoyuan bathenga umhlaba wetiye.
- 1979. Inhloko yomkhandlu wezolimo ngaphansi kwe-Executive Yuan u-Li Chongdao (李崇道) yanikeza itiye lendawo igama elithi “天鶴茶”.
- 1998–1999. Uchwepheshe wegatsha lase-Taidong lesiteshi sokuhlola itiye wenza itiye eliluhlaza elinobusi ngeqabunga elonakaliswe yi-leafhopper; kamuva abalimi betiye base-Wuhe basungula itiye elibomvu elinobusi kulokhu kutholakele. Inhlangano yabalimi ibeka itiye eliluhlaza elinobusi onyakeni ka-1999, isiteshi sokuhlola sibeka ku-1998: imithombo iyahlukana ngonyaka owodwa.
- 2006–2007. Ngokwengosi, itiye elibomvu elinobusi kanye ne-“紅玉” yesifunda bathola indondo yegolide emqhudelwaneni womhlaba ka-2006 kanye nesiqu sokuba ngelinye “lamatiye ayishumi akudala” ka-2007.
- 2009. Ukuqala kwesikhathi sophawu lweqoqo ngokohlu lwehhovisi.
- 2016. Ngokwe-“Ziyou shibao”, inhlangano yanikeza amalungelo ophawu emapulazini nasezinkampanini zendawo eziyi-14.
- 2020. Ukubuyekezwa kwezimpawu zaseThayiwani kwaphawula ukuthi uphawu empeleni alusetshenziswa: umkhiqizo oyinhloko wase-Hualien kwaba itiye elibomvu elinobusi, futhi i-“天鶴茶” iyanyamalala emakethe.
- Igama: 天鶴 (tiānhè) — “ukhokho wasezulwini”. Ngokwesizindalwazi sokuphatha kwesifunda njengoba kulandiswa ku-Wikipedia yesiShayina, igama lanikezwa ukukhumbula udokotela u-Qian Tianhe (錢天鶴), isizindalwazi esimbiza ngomakhi wetiye; eminye imithombo etholakele ayichazi imvelaphi yegama. Ngokwengosi, igama elithi “Wuhe” lavela ekubizweni kwegama ledolobhana labantu base-Sakizaya i-馬立雲 (Maibol, Maivuru); ngesiJapane i-舞鶴 ifundeka ngokuthi “maidzuru”. Igama elidala lethafa yi-Saoba (掃叭).
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ethafeni kunezinsika zamatshe zase-Saoba (掃叭石柱) ezingamamitha ayisithupha — itshe lesikhumbuzo lesiko lase-Beinan, elingcwele kubantu bama-Amis.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ingosi ibiza i-金萱 (Jīnxuān), i-青心烏龍 (Qīngxīn wūlóng), “i-Taicha № 12 ne-№ 13” kanye ne-大葉烏龍 (Dàyè wūlóng). I-Jinxuan ne-“Taicha № 12” kulolu hlu ziyinhlobo eyodwa ngaphansi kwegama lesintu kanye negama lokukhetha.
- Izinto zetiye elinobusi: Iqabunga elimunzwe yi-green leafhopper (小綠葉蟬, xiǎo lǜ yèchán); ngesiThayiwani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-著涏. Inhlangano ibhala ukuthi ngesandla kukhiwa amahlumela amancane kakhulu — ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Ngokwesiteshi sokuhlola, itiye lokuqala elinobusi lenziwa ngeqabunga lohlobo lwe-大葉烏龍.
- Isikhathi sokukhiwa: Ngokwenhlangano, i-leafhopper ihlasela kakhulu izihlahla ngenkathi yezimvula ze-meiyu, cishe ngenkathi ye-mángzhòng (芒種, ekuqaleni kukaJuni).
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokulima
- Isifunda: Ithafa i-Wuhe likule ndawo lapho kuhlangana khona imifula i-Xiuguluan (秀姑巒溪) ne-Hongye (紅葉溪). Ingosi ilichaza njengethala lomfula, eliphakanyiswe ukushayisana kwamapuleti ase-Philippine nase-Eurasian.
- Inhlabathi: Amatshe amancane angaphezulu aguga futhi akhukhuleke, kusuka lapha inhlabathi ebomvu, ecebe nge-iron oxide, enokudonsa kahle kwamanzi; kwenye incazelo yengosi — imuncu kancane. I-Tropic of Cancer ingosi nayo iyibona njengenzuzo yesifunda.
- Ukuphakama: Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukuphathwa kwensimu: Iphunga lobusi linikezwa izinambuzane, ngakho insimu ilinywa ngendlela evumelana nemvelo noma ngendlela ephilayo futhi amakhemikhali cishe awafafazwa.
- Indawo yokungcebeleka yase-Wuhe: Isifunda sezokuvakasha sika-2000, cishe amahektha angama-650, eningizimu yesifunda; asisebenzi njengomngcele wophawu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
- Itiye elibomvu elinobusi: Eligaywe ngokuphelele. Ngokwenhlangano, ehlumeni elimunzwe yi-leafhopper, kuba namanzi amancane futhi ukwakheka kwezinto kuyashintsha — kusuka lapha iphunga lobusi. Imingcele yokubuna, ukugaya kanye nokomisa ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Itiye elinezimbali ze-pomelo: Eligaywe kancane. Izimbali ze-pomelo, eziqhakaza kanye ngonyaka, zigosilwa kanye ne-oolong, futhi itiye lasentwasahlobo limunca iphunga lazo.
Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe balesi sifunda:
- Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo).
- Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Ukugaya (發酵, fājiào).
- Ukomisa (乾燥, gānzào).
6. Izici Zokuzwa
Ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa kukhona amatiye obuchwepheshe obuhlukile; ngezansi kunezincazelo zetiye elibomvu elinobusi lesifunda.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokuphisa: Ngokwenhlangano — linephunga elimnandi futhi lisha, elinethoni yobusi ecacile; ngokwesiteshi sokuhlola, itiye lokuqala elibomvu elinobusi linephunga le-osmanthus noma lobusi.
- Ukunambitheka: Ngokwenhlangano — lithambile, limnandi, livumelana, futhi linokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ingosi ibiza i-“天鶴茶” ngokuthi linephunga elimnandi futhi limnandi lithambile (芳香甘醇).
- Umbala wokuphisa: Ngokwesiteshi sokuhlola, itiye lokuqala elibomvu elinobusi linombala we-champagne.
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Inhlangano ithi ama-catechin etiyeni elinobusi amaningi kunasetiyeni eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, kodwa ayizinikezi izibalo.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba — imingcele incike ekutheni yiliphi itiye elingaphansi kophawu ezandleni.
- Itiye elibomvu elinobusi: 90–95 °C, amagremu ama-3 ku-ml eyi-150, ukuphisa kokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain, ukuphisa okuningana ngokwandisa isikhathi.
- Itiye elinezimbali ze-pomelo: Njenge-oolong — 95–100 °C, amagremu ama-5–7 ku-ml eyi-150, ukuphisa kokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, kude namaphunga.
10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Inhlangano ithengisa itiye elibomvu elinobusi emaphaketheni, izingcezu ezingama-30 zegremu ezi-4 ngayinye, ngamadola aseThayiwani angama-550, ngesaphulelo — ngama-500 (Septemba 2026). Ilithengisa ngaphansi kwegama elithi “瑞穗蜜香紅茶”, hhayi elithi “天鶴茶”.
- Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Impahla enophawu inesitika sokuvikela, ipulazi ngalinye linenombolo yalo ohlelweni lophawu (umbiko ka-2016).
- Igama elilodwa elithi “蜜香” alifakazeli lutho: ngokombiko ofanayo ka-2016, itiye elibomvu elinobusi lenziwa nase-Shiding, e-Pinglin, e-Sanxia nase-Alishan.
- Ukungabikhona kophawu ngokwako akusho okuningi: ngokubuyekezwa kuka-2020, uphawu cishe alusetshenziswa.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Igama elithi “天鶴茶” lidala kunetiye elinobusi ngamashumi amabili eminyaka: lanikezwa ngo-1979, lapho itiye elinobusi lingakabikho.
- Ngokwengosi, ezimpawini eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-Tropic of Cancer emhlabeni, ezintathu ziseThayiwani, ezimbili zazo zise-Hualien, futhi eyodwa isethafeni i-Wuhe.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseThayiwani
- I-Taiwanese Mi Xiang Hong Cha (臺灣蜜香紅茶): Itiye elibomvu elinobusi njengesigaba saseThayiwani yonke; i-Ruisui ingesinye sezifunda zakhona.
- I-Ming Jian Mi Xiang Hong Cha (名間蜜香紅茶): Itiye elibomvu elinobusi lesifunda sase-Mingjian esifundazweni sase-Nantou — isibonelo sokuthi “elinobusi” akusho ukuthi “elase-Ruisui”.
- I-Dongfang Mei Ren (東方美人): I-oolong, ephunga layo nalo livela eqabungeni elonakaliswe yi-leafhopper.
- I-Hong Yu (臺茶18號紅玉): Itiye elibomvu, ngokwengosi, elikhiqizwa nase-Wuhe.
- I-Nantoushi Qingshan Cha (南投市青山茶): Olunye uphawu lwaseThayiwani, kodwa olokuqinisekisa nolungaphansi kokuphatha kwedolobha, hhayi uphawu lweqoqo lwenhlangano.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Ruisui Tianhe Cha yigama elidlulwa umkhiqizo walo uqobo: isifunda sase-Wuhe, esalithola ngo-1979, saduma ngetiye elibomvu elinobusi, kanti uphawu lweqoqo luka-2009 cishe alusetshenziswa. Ngemuva kwegama kukhona inhlabathi ebomvu ene-iron yethala lomfula e-Tropic of Cancer, izinsimu ezingenamakhemikhali ngenxa ye-leafhopper, kanye ne-oolong yasentwasahlobo enezimbali ze-pomelo.