Línhǎi pánháo cháyè

I-Linhai Panhao Chaye (Línhǎi pánháo cháyè, 临海蟠毫茶叶) — igama elivikelwe letiye eliluhlaza i-Linhai Panhao (临海蟠毫, Línhǎi pánháo) elivela edolobheni elisezingeni lesifunda i-Linhai (临海市) esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Taizhou, esifundazweni i-Zhejiang. Lenziwa entabeni i-Yunfeng (云峰山) osebeni oluseningizimu lomfula i-Lingjiang. Igama lichaza iqabunga elomile: 蟠 (pán) — «elisongwe ngamasongo», 毫 (háo) — uboya obuncane. Itiye lisha: ukukhiqizwa kokuhlola kwaqala ngo-1979, isimo saqina ngo-1982. Igama linezinga leqembu lango-2020, futhi esimemezelweni se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 660 (Disemba 2025) libalwa phakathi kwemikhiqizo lapho izinkampani zivunyelwe khona ukusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lwesibonakaliso sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Ubuchwepheshe — ukulungiswa, ukugazingwa nokubunjwa kanye nokomiswa, ngaphandle kwesigaba esihlukile sokuxhuma nomoya-mpilo.
• Isigaba: Itiye elisha elidumile laseZhejiang ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970 kanye nama-1980; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe i-Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), isifunda sedolobha i-Taizhou (台州, Tāizhōu), idolobha elisezingeni lesifunda i-Linhai (临海, Línhǎi), intaba i-Yunfeng (云峰山, Yúnfēng shān) osebeni oluseningizimu lomfula i-Lingjiang (灵江, Língjiāng).
• Isimo sokuvikelwa: Isimemezelo No. 660 se-State Intellectual Property Office sangomhla zingama-30 Disemba 2025 sivumela izinkampani ezingama-875 ukuba zisebenzise uphawu olukhethekile lwesibonakaliso sendawo emikhiqizweni engama-253, futhi «临海蟠毫茶叶» ngenye yazo. Ukuthi umkhiqizo wathathwa nini ngaphansi kokuvikelwa akutholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele; uhlu lwezinkampani lufakwe esithasiselweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2000 i-Linhai ibilungisa «临海蟠毫» njengophawu lokuhweba lwesitifiketi sendawo; usuku nenombolo yokubhaliswa kwalolu phawu akutholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.
• Indawo yokuvikelwa: Imingcele yendawo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Linhai icishe ibe ngu-28.9° enyakatho kanye no-121.1° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Itiye ngaphambi kwe-panhao. I-athikili eyinkomba icaphuna «临海县志稿» ithi ngesikhathi sikaHan entabeni i-Gaizhu (盖竹山, Gàizhú shān) kwakukhona «ingadi yetiye yengcweti engafi», ngokwesiko eyasungulwa nguGe Yuan (葛元), kanti ngesikhathi sikaMing itiye lalitshalwa kabanzi lapha.
  • 1979–1982. Ngokwe-reference «茶百科» (Cha Baike), ukukhiqizwa kokuhlola kwaqala ngo-1979, kwathi ngo-1982 isimo setiye saqina. Amanye amasayithi eyinkomba abiza unyaka ka-1981 futhi abhala ngokwakhiwa «ngokwesisekelo setiye elidumile lomlando», ngaphandle kokulibiza. Ukwehluka akuchazwanga.
  • Imiklomelo. Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni waseLinhai: 1991 — isiqu esithi «中国文化名茶» («itiye elidumile lamasiko aseChina»); 1992 — umklomelo wezinga emqhudelwaneni wokuqala wamatiye adumile woMnyango Wezamahlathi; 1995 — indondo yegolide embukisweni wesibili wezolimo waseChina; 1998 — indondo yegolide ohlwini lokuqala lwe-«优质农产品» yaseZhejiang. Ikhasi likahulumeni alisavuleki manje; uhlu luqinisekiswe ngocezu lwalo embonweni wokusesha.
  • 2000. Ngokoshicilelo lweSohu, i-Linhai yaqala ukulungisa izimpawu zesitifiketi sendawo emikhiqizweni emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa — «临海蜜桔» (ama-mandarin) kanye ne-«临海蟠毫».
  • 2020. Kwashicilelwa izinga leqembu i-T/LCL 0001-2020 «临海蟠毫茶».
• Igama: «Linhai» (临海) — igama ledolobha; «pan» (蟠) — «elisongwe ngendandatho»; «hao» (毫) — uboya obuncane ekhasini; «chaye» (茶叶) — «iqabunga letiye», ingxenye yegama elivikelwe.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-panhao kanye netiye eliyisicaba i-Yunfeng (云峰) zenziwa entabeni eyodwa futhi ngezinto ezifanayo, ngakho-ke zichazwa njengezimbili ezihambisanayo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Uhlobo lwe-Fuding olunoboya obuningi. I-athikili ngobuchwepheshe ku-portal «中国茶文化网» (Zhongguo cha wenhua wang) ilubiza ngo-福鼎大白茶 (Fúdǐng dàbáichá); enye incwadi ibhala u-福鼎白毫 futhi ixhumanisa ukukhethwa noboya. I-菜茶 yendawo ivela kuphela emibhalweni exubene nencazelo yelinye itiye.
• Ukuvuna: Ngokwe-athikili yobuchwepheshe — kusukela cishe ngo-Ephreli.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Iqabunga elilodwa elivela ekhasini noma iqabunga elilodwa elinamacembe amabili avuleke kancane.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele; incwadi eyinkomba ichaza kuphela iqabunga elomile lezinga eliphezulu njengamakhasino namacembe anenyama futhi athambile (芽叶肥嫩).

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: IMpumalanga yeZhejiang, iTaizhou esogwini; intaba i-Yunfeng — osebeni oluseningizimu lweLingjiang. Ngokwe-athikili eyinkomba, enyakatho-ntshonalanga kunokhahlamba i-Kuocang (括苍山, Kuòcāng shān) nesiqongo sayo esingu-1382 m, okuthi kanye nolwandle oluseduze kusebenze njengesivikelo.
• Isimo sezulu: Sipholile, sinemvula eningi; intaba icishe ihlale isemafini nasenkungwini, imithambeka inamahlathi futhi imunyu.
• Inhlabathi: Ivundile futhi ixekethile — ngokwe-athikili yobuchwepheshe; uhlobo lwenhlabathi alukho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incazelo eningiliziwe kakhulu yobuchwepheshe bezandla yanikezwa i-athikili ethi «云峰与蟠毫炒制技术» ku-portal «中国茶文化网»; njengamanje ayisavuleki, futhi imingcele engezansi idluliswa ngezingcezu zayo. Umqondo oyinhloko we-athikili: i-panhao kanye ne-Yunfeng eyisicaba zihluka kuphela esigabeni sokugazingwa nokubunjwa.

1. Ukuvutshelwa (摊放, tānfàng): Cishe amahora angu-6 ngongqimba oluncane; iqabunga liyoma futhi lilahlekelwe iphunga lotshani.
2. Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Imingcele ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
3. Ukusongwa ngokugcoba (揉磨理条, róumó lǐtiáo): Ebhodweni elishiselwe ku-80–100 °C, kufakwa amagremu ayi-100–150 eqabunga, kucindezelwe ngezintende odongeni, kugcotshwe, kuphendulwe futhi kunyakaziswe, kuze kube yilapho amahlumela esonga abe imicu futhi iqabunga lingabe lisancamela esandleni; ibhodwe ngalesi sikhathi selipholile lafinyelela ku-60–70 °C.
4. Ukubunjwa kokugcina nokomiswa kokuqala (造型初干, zàoxíng chūgān): Isigaba i-Yunfeng eyisicaba engenaso. Imininingwane emibhalweni etholakalayo ayikho; enye incwadi ibiza ukugazingwa kwe-panhao ngokuthi «ukucindezela okusunduzayo» (推压炒制).
5. Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān): Imingcele ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

Ubuchwepheshe bemishini obuvela ku-athikili eyinkomba abukwazi ukuhlanganiswa ne-panhao: umbhalo uxubene nencazelo yetiye laseFujian.

6. Izici Zesimilo

Incazelo engezansi — izidingo zezinga eliphezulu kakhulu (特级) ngokwencwadi «茶百科».

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Lisongwe ngamasongo (蟠曲), amakhasino namacembe anenyama futhi athambile, embozwe ngokuphelele uboya besiliva (满披银毫); umbala — «okuluhlaza okufihlekile» (隐翠): okuluhlaza kuvela ngaphansi koboya.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lengxube: Licebile, liphakeme futhi lide (香气馥郁高长). Ngokwencazelo yelinye isayithi leyinkomba — lihlanzekile futhi liqinile, linenothi le-castnut (栗香).
• Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi, kuthambile futhi kuqabulayo (甘醇爽口).
• Umbala wengxube: Uluhlaza ngobumnene futhi ukhanya (嫩绿明亮).
• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elisebenzile): Liyakhanya, lithambile futhi liyalingana (明亮、嫩匀).

Ngokwencazelo yesayithi eyinkomba, lapho kuthelwa amanzi uboya obuncane buzulazula emanzini, njengeqhwa.

Kumazwe amaningana ayinkomba ku-athikili nge-panhao kufakwe izindlela zokuchaza i-Tianshan Lü Cha yaseFujian: «okuluhlaza okuthathu» (三绿 — iqabunga eliluhlaza, ingxube nengaphansi) kanye nephunga lezimbali ze-zhulan (珠兰). Azihlobene netiye laseLinhai.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izinkomba zomzimba namakhemikhali azikho emithonjeni etholakele. Izinga leqembu i-T/LCL 0001-2020 kufanele libe nazo, kodwa engxenyeni etholakalayo azibonakali.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza; imingcele engezansi incomwa yincwadi eyinkomba «茶百科» nge-panhao.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C.
• Inani letiye: 1 : 50 — amagremu angu-2 ku-100 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi. Eketeleni elikhulu itiye elithambile elinoboya liyabila futhi lilahlekelwa ubusha.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisa ingilazi, faka itiye, thela amanzi ngodonga.
  2. Lapho kusele cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yengxube, engeza amanzi.
  3. Sekukonke — ukuphisa kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. I-«茶百科» yeluleka ukugcina itiye ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, esikhwameni se-foil ngaphandle komoya, ngaphansi kuka-10 °C futhi ngaphansi komswakama ongu-50 %; isikhathi sokusebenza — izinyanga eziyi-12. Iqabunga elinoboya akufanele licindezelwe.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

• Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwesibonakaliso sendawo kanye nelungelo lomkhiqizi lokusebenzisa uphawu lwesitifiketi «临海蟠毫茶».
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowaseLinhai.
  • Iqabunga — lisongwe ngamasongo, linoboya obuningi, liluhlaza ngobusiliva; ingxube — iluhlaza ngobumnene futhi iyakhanya.
  • Ukuchazwa kwe-panhao njengetiye laseFujian, elino-«okuluhlaza okuthathu», iphunga le-zhulan noma izinhlobo ezithi «雷鸣», «天上丁», «七杯茶» — lokhu kungumbhalo nge-Tianshan Lü Cha.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• I-panhao kanye ne-Yunfeng eyisicaba — amatiye entaba eyodwa nangezinto ezifanayo; umehluko — isigaba esisodwa sokubunjwa.
• Igama letiye — incazelo yesimo salo: «elisongwe ngamasongo» kanye «elinoboya».
• Uphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-panhao i-Linhai yaqala ukululungisa ngo-2000 kanye nophawu lwama-mandarin endawo.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye

• I-Yanyan Gou Qing (羊岩勾青): Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba i-Yanyang kuleyo ndawo yaseLinhai; iqabunga alisongwanga ngamasongo, kodwa ligobe njengehhuku.
• I-Pan’an Yun Feng (磐安云峰): Itiye lesifunda i-Pan’an; ne-Yunfeng yaseLinhai lihlobene ngegama kuphela.
• I-Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶): Itiye lasempumalanga yeFujian, izincazelo zalo ezifakwa ngephutha ezihlokweni nge-panhao.
• I-Biluochun (碧螺春): Itiye elisongwe ngokuvunguza nelinoboya laseJiangsu, eliseduze ngesimo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Linhai Panhao — itiye eliluhlaza lentaba i-Yunfeng osebeni lweLingjiang, elakhiwa ngo-1979–1982 ngohlobo lwe-Fuding olunoboya. Amasongo ngaphansi koboya besiliva, ingxube eluhlaza ngobumnene kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi nokuthambile kudalwa yisigaba esisodwa esengeziwe sokubunjwa, esingekho kumakhelwane waso oyisicaba i-Yunfeng.

Imithombo

Amazinga

• T/LCL 0001-2020

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 第660号地理标志产品专用标志核准 №660

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo