Línhǎi pánháo cháyè

Linhai Panhao Chaye (Línhǎi pánháo cháyè, 临海蟠毫茶叶) ndi dzina lotetezedwa la tiyi wobiriwira wa Linhai Panhao (临海蟠毫, Línhǎi pánháo) wochokera mumzinda wa Linhai (临海市) m’chigawo cha Taizhou, m’chigawo cha Zhejiang. Amapangidwa paphiri la Yunfeng (云峰山) kugombe lakumwera kwa mtsinje wa Lingjiang. Dzinali limafotokoza masamba owuma: 蟠 (pán) ndi “wopindidwa ngati mphete”, 毫 (háo) ndi ubweya wofewa. Tiyi ndi wachinyamata: kupanga koyesa kunayamba mu 1979, maonekedwe adakhazikika pofika 1982. Dzinali lili ndi mulingo wa gulu wa 2020, ndipo mu chilengezo cha State Intellectual Property Office No. 660 (December 2025) chimatchulidwa pakati pa malonda omwe mabungwe amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Ukadaulo ndi kukhazikika, kuwotcha ndi kukonza mawonekedwe ndi kuyanika, popanda gawo lina la okosijeni.
Gulu: Tiyi wotchuka watsopano wa Zhejiang chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1970 ndi 1980; chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), mzinda wa Taizhou (台州, Tāizhōu), mzinda wa Linhai (临海, Línhǎi), phiri la Yunfeng (云峰山, Yúnfēng shān) kugombe lakumwera kwa mtsinje wa Lingjiang (灵江, Língjiāng).
Mkhalidwe wa chitetezo: Chilengezo No. 660 cha State Intellectual Property Office cha pa 30 December 2025 chimalola mabungwe 875 kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication pa zinthu 253, ndipo “临海蟠毫茶叶” ili pakati pawo. Nthawi yomwe chinthucho chinatengedwa pansi pa chitetezo sichinadziwike m’magwero opezeka; mndandanda wa mabungwe uli mu appendix. Komanso, Linhai kuyambira 2000 adalembetsa “临海蟠毫” ngati chizindikiro cha geographical certification; tsiku ndi nambala ya kulembetsa kwake sizinapezeke m’magwero opezeka.
Malo otetezedwa: Malire a malowa kulibe m’magwero opezeka.
Malo a geographical coordinates: Linhai ndi pafupifupi 28.9° N ndi 121.1° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Tiyi pamaso pa Panhao. Nkhani yofotokozera yotengera “临海县志稿” imanena kuti nthawi ya Han paphiri la Gaizhu (盖竹山, Gàizhú shān) kunali “munda wa tiyi wa bambo wokalamba wosakhoza kufa”, malinga ndi nthano wokhazikitsidwa ndi Ge Yuan (葛元), ndipo nthawi ya Ming tiyi amalimidwa ponseponse kuno.
- 1979–1982. Malinga ndi buku la “茶百科” (Cha Baike), kupanga koyesa kunayamba mu 1979, ndipo mu 1982 maonekedwe a tiyi adakhazikika. Mawebusaiti ena ofotokozera amatchula 1981 ndipo amalemba za kupangidwa “pamaziko a tiyi wotchuka wa mbiri yakale”, osatchula dzina lake. Kusiyana kumeneku sikunafotokozedwe.
- Mphotho. Malinga ndi boma la Linhai: 1991 — dzina la “中国文化名茶” (“tiyi wotchuka wa chikhalidwe cha China”); 1992 — mphotho ya ubwino pa mpikisano woyamba wa tiyi wotchuka wa Ministry of Forestry; 1995 — mendulo ya golide pa chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha China Agricultural Exhibition; 1998 — mendulo ya golide pamndandanda woyamba wa “优质农产品” wa Zhejiang. Tsamba la boma silikutseguka tsopano; mndandanda watsimikiziridwa kudzera m’chidutswa chake pazotsatira za kusaka.
- 2000. Malinga ndi zofalitsidwa pa Sohu, Linhai adayamba kulembetsa zizindikiro za geographical certification pa zinthu ziwiri nthawi imodzi — “临海蜜桔” (manderini) ndi “临海蟠毫”.
- 2020. Mulingo wa gulu T/LCL 0001-2020 “临海蟠毫茶” unasindikizidwa.
Dzina: “Linhai” (临海) ndi dzina la mzinda; “pan” (蟠) ndi “wopindidwa ngati mphete”; “hao” (毫) ndi ubweya wochepa wa pa mphukira; “chaye” (茶叶) ndi “tsamba la tiyi”, gawo la dzina lotetezedwa.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Panhao ndi tiyi wathyathyathya wa Yunfeng (云峰) amapangidwa paphiri limodzi ndi kuchokera kuzinthu zomwezo, chifukwa chake amafotokozedwa ngati awiri awiri.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu wa Fuding wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri. Nkhani yokhudza ukadaulo pa portal ya “中国茶文化网” (Zhongguo cha wenhua wang) imautcha 福鼎大白茶 (Fúdǐng dàbáichá); buku lina limalemba 福鼎白毫 ndipo limalumikiza kusankha ndi ubweya. 菜茶 wa komweko amapezeka kokha m’malemba osakanikirana ndi kufotokozera tiyi wina.
Kututa: Malinga ndi nkhani yokhudza ukadaulo — kuyambira pafupifupi April.
Mulingo wa kututa: Mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri omwe angotuluka kumene.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Zambiri sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka; buku limangofotokoza tsamba lowuma la mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri ngati mphukira ndi masamba ofewa komanso okhuthala (芽叶肥嫩).

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kum’mawa kwa Zhejiang, Taizhou yakumphepete mwa nyanja; phiri la Yunfeng lili kugombe lakumwera kwa Lingjiang. Malinga ndi nkhani yofotokozera, kumpoto chakumadzulo kumatambasuka mapiri a Kuocang (括苍山, Kuòcāng shān) okhala ndi nsonga yayikulu 1382 m, omwe pamodzi ndi nyanja yapafupi amakhala ngati chotchinga.
Nyengo: Yofewa, ndi mvula yambiri; phiri nthawi zambiri limakhala m’mitambo ndi chifunga, mapiri ali ndi nkhalango komanso chinyezi.
Dothi: Lachonde komanso lofewa — malinga ndi nkhani yokhudza ukadaulo; mtundu wa dothi sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Zambiri sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Kufotokozera kwatsatanetsatane kwambiri kwa ukadaulo wamanja kunaperekedwa ndi nkhani “云峰与蟠毫炒制技术” pa portal ya “中国茶文化网”; tsopano siyikutseguka, ndipo magawo omwe ali pansipa aperekedwa kudzera m’zidutswa zake. Mfundo yayikulu ya nkhaniyo: Panhao ndi Yunfeng wathyathyathya amasiyana kokha pa gawo la kuwotcha ndi kukonza mawonekedwe.

Kufowoketsa (摊放, tānfàng): Pafupifupi maola 6 mosanjikiza mopyapyala; tsamba limaphwa ndikutaya fungo la udzu.
Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng): Magawo sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka.
Kupotoza ndi kusisita (揉磨理条, róumó lǐtiáo): Mu mbiya, yotenthedwa kufika 80–100 °C, amayika 100–150 g wa masamba, amawakanikiza ndi zikhato kukhoma, kusisita, kutembenuza ndi kugwedeza, mpaka mphukira zitapindika ngati zingwe ndipo tsamba litasiya kumamatira kudzanja; mbiya pofika pano imazizira kufika 60–70 °C.
Kukonza komaliza ndi kuyanika koyamba (造型初干, zàoxíng chūgān): Gawo lomwe kulibe kwa Yunfeng wathyathyathya. Tsatanetsatane sizikupezeka m’malemba opezeka; buku limodzi limatcha kuwotcha kwa Panhao “kukankha ndi kukanikiza” (推压炒制).
Kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān): Magawo sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka.

Ukadaulo wamakina wochokera m’nkhani yofotokozera sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa Panhao: malembawo asakanikirana ndi kufotokozera tiyi wa Fujian.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera kuli pansipa ndi zofunika za mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri (特级) malinga ndi buku la “茶百科”.

Maonekedwe a tsamba lowuma: Wopindidwa ngati mphete (蟠曲), mphukira ndi masamba okhuthala komanso ofewa, onse atakutidwa ndi ubweya wasiliva (满披银毫); mtundu ndi “wobisika wobiriwira” (隐翠): wobiriwira amawonekera kudzera mu ubweya.
Fungo la tsamba lowuma: Kufotokozera kwina kulibe m’magwero opezeka.
Fungo la madzi: Lokhazikika, lalitali komanso lokhalitsa (香气馥郁高长). Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa tsamba lina lofotokozera — loyera komanso lokhalitsa, ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (栗香).
Kukoma: Kokoma, kofewa komanso kotsitsimula (甘醇爽口).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wofewa komanso wowala (嫩绿明亮).
Masamba otayidwa: Owala, ofewa komanso ofanana (明亮、嫩匀).

Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa tsamba lofotokozera, pakuthira madzi ubweya umazungulira m’madzi ngati chipale chofewa.

Pamawebusaiti angapo ofotokozera m’nkhani ya Panhao mwalowetsedwa mawu a tiyi wa Fujian Tianshan Lü Cha: “zobiriwira zitatu” (三绿 — tsamba lobiriwira, madzi obiriwira ndi masamba otayidwa obiriwira) ndi fungo la maluwa a zhulan (珠兰). Izi sizikugwirizana ndi tiyi wa Linhai.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Zizindikiro za physicochemical sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka. Mulingo wa gulu T/LCL 0001-2020 uyenera kukhala nazo, koma m’chidutswa chopezeka sizikuwoneka.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira; magawo omwe ali pansipa amalimbikitsidwa ndi buku la “茶百科” kwa Panhao.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 1 : 50 — 2 g pa 100 ml.
Zotengera: Galasi lagalasi. Mu teapot yayikulu tiyi wofewa wokhala ndi ubweya amawira ndikutaya kutsitsimuka.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa galasi, ikani tiyi, thirani madzi m’mphepete.
2. Pamene kwatsala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi, thirani madzi.
3. Zonse — kupanga katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu. “茶百科” imalangiza kusunga tiyi popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, mu thumba la zojambulazo zopanda mpweya, pansi pa 10 °C ndi chinyezi pansi pa 50%; nthawi yosungira ndi miyezi 12. Tsamba lokhala ndi ubweya lisapanikizidwe.

10. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo

Zambiri za mitengo sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication ndi ufulu wa wopanga kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha certification “临海蟠毫茶”.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku Linhai.
- Tsamba — lopindidwa ngati mphete, lokhala ndi ubweya wambiri, wasiliva-wobiriwira; madzi — obiriwira ofewa komanso owala.
- Kufotokozera Panhao ngati tiyi wa Fujian, wokhala ndi “zobiriwira zitatu”, fungo la zhulan kapena mitundu “雷鸣”, “天上丁”, “七杯茶” — awa ndi malemba okhudza Tianshan Lü Cha.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Panhao ndi Yunfeng wathyathyathya ndi tiyi a phiri limodzi ndi zopangira zomwezo; kusiyana ndi gawo limodzi la kukonza mawonekedwe.
Dzina la tiyi ndi kufotokozera kwa maonekedwe ake: “wopindidwa ngati mphete” ndi “wokhala ndi ubweya”.
Chizindikiro cha certification cha Panhao Linhai adayamba kulembetsa mu 2000 pamodzi ndi chizindikiro cha manderini a komweko.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena

Yanyan Gou Qing (羊岩勾青): Tiyi wobiriwira wa phiri la Yanyan la Linhai yemweyo; tsamba silopindidwa ngati mphete, koma lopindidwa ngati ndowe.
Pan’an Yun Feng (磐安云峰): Tiyi wa dera la Pan’an; ndi Yunfeng wa Linhai amangogwirizana pa dzina lokha.
Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶): Tiyi wa kum’mawa kwa Fujian, omwe mafotokozedwe ake amalowa molakwika m’malemba okhudza Panhao.
Biluochun (碧螺春): Tiyi wopindidwa mozungulira wokhala ndi ubweya wa Jiangsu, wofanana pa maonekedwe.

Pomaliza:

Linhai Panhao ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa phiri la Yunfeng pamphepete mwa Lingjiang, wopangidwa mu 1979–1982 kuchokera ku mtundu wa Fuding wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri. Mphete zokhala ndi ubweya wasiliva, madzi obiriwira ofewa ndi kukoma kokoma kofewa zimapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi lowonjezera la kukonza mawonekedwe, lomwe kulibe kwa mnansi wathyathyathya Yunfeng.

Magwero

Miyezo

T/LCL 0001-2020

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 第660号地理标志产品专用标志核准 №660

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero