Ményú fóyá · Yùluó gāngjí

Mênyǔ Fóyá · Yùluó Gāngjí (Ményú fóyá · Yùluó gāngjí, 门隅佛芽·玉罗冈吉) — itiye lezigodi zaseMama naseLê eningizimu yeTibet Autonomous Region, emthambekeni oseningizimu weHimalaya. Emibhalweni yokubhalisa lokhu kuyisifunda saseCona (错那县) esifundeni saseShannan; ngo-2023 isifunda saguqulwa saba idolobha laseCona (错那市). Igama liphindwe kabili: ingxenye yokuqala ingesiShayina — “iqabunga likaBuddha laseMênyǔ”, eyesibili — igama lesiTibet ngombhalo wesiShayina. Indawo evikelwe iyimizana emithathu endaweni ephakeme emaphakathi cishe ama-2600 m, phakathi kwehlathi eliminyene. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama libhaliswe njengenkombandlela yezolimo yejografi. Isigaba setiye emibhalweni yokubhalisa asiqanjwanga ngegama, nakuba ukuphrintwa kabusha kwesithenjwa sencazelo yenkombandlela kunikeza ubuchwepheshe ngohlelo lwetiye eliluhlaza.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Isigaba emibhalweni etholakele asiqanjwanga ngegama. Ukuphrintwa kabusha kwesithenjwa kwencazelo yenkombandlela yezolimo kunikeza ubuchwepheshe — ukulungisa, ukusontwa kathathu nokugazingwa kathathu, ukomiswa, ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa nokuxutshwa komoya-mpilo — okusho ukuthi uhlelo lwetiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isizindalwazi sikahulumeni wesifunda saseShannan (2019) sithi itiye lendawo lesigodi saseLêbu “ikakhulukazi liluhlaza” (以绿茶为主): ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu, ngokwencazelo yaso, lenziwa ngokulungisa, ukusonta nokomisa elangeni, kanti iqabunga elomile, umxube kanye nendawo yetiye kuyimibala eluhlaza (isigaba 5). Zombili izinhlelo ziqala ngokulungisa, akukho ukuvutshelwa kunoma iyiphi, ngakho ngokwesigaba aziphikisani: zombili ziluhlaza ngokwesakhiwo futhi zihluka ngokomiswa kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna. Kodwa akukho neyodwa eqinisa ubuchwepheshe egameni: isifunda sichaza ukukhiqizwa kwendawo jikelele, kanti imininingwane yenkombandlela ngiyibone kuphela ekuphrintweni kabusha, hhayi emthonjeni wokuqala. Ngakho-ke isigaba lapha sishiywe singanqunywanga.
Isigaba: Itiye eliphakeme laseTibet; inkombandlela yezolimo yejografi (2014).
Imvelaphi: I-China, i-Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏, Xīzàng), i-Cona (错那, Cuònà), izigodi zaseMama naseLê.
Indawo evikelwe: Imizana yaseMama, yaseLê neyaseXian yezigodi zaseMama naseLê.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: 91°44′53″–91°48′36″ empuma kanye no-27°48′22″–27°52′25″ enyakatho — indawo ecishe ibe ngu-6 ngo-7.5 km.
Umnikazi: Isiteshi senkonzo yezolimo ehlanganisiwe yesifunda saseCona (西藏错那县农业综合服务站); isigaba kwirejista — “itiye” (茶叶).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- I-epic. Ngokwencazelo yomnyango wezolimo weTibet Autonomous Region, i-epic kaGesar ikhuluma “ngetiye laseMênyǔ iYùluó Gāngjí” (门茶玉罗冈吉) phakathi kwamatiye amathathu adumile aseTibet. Lobu ubufakazi bemibhalo, hhayi umbhalo ngezingadi zamanje.
- 1972. Ngokwencazelo yesithenjwa, esigodini saseLêbu (勒布) kwakhiwa imboni yetiye “Gāofēng” (高峰茶厂) ngezimali zikahulumeni futhi kwatshalwa ama-42.9 mu etiye — kusukela lapho kwaqala ukulinywa kwetiye lapha ngezinga elibonakalayo.
- 2013. Ekupheleni kuka-April isifunda saqala ukulungisa isicelo; imvelo, ikhwalithi kanye nomlando womkhiqizo kwahlolwa kuqala emnyangweni wesifunda, kwabe sekuhlolwa ochwepheshe boMnyango Wezolimo.
- 2014. Ngo-22 May uMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo № 2105 wabhalisa igama njengenkombandlela yezolimo yejografi (inombolo AGI01440) futhi wanikeza isifunda isitifiketi. Ngo-September 2026 irejista yezinkombandlela zezolimo, ephethwe yi-China Green Food Development Center (中国绿色食品发展中心), isakhipha leli rekhodi: AGI01440, 2014, umnikazi — isiteshi senkonzo yezolimo ehlanganisiwe yesifunda saseCona, isigaba “itiye” (茶叶).
Igama:
- “Mênyǔ” (门隅, Ményú) — ngokwencazelo yomthombo, ngesiTibet kusho “indawo okuhlala kuyo amaMonpa”.
- “Fóyá” (佛芽, fóyá) — “iqabunga likaBuddha”, “iqabunga lobuBuddha”.
- “Yùluó Gāngjí” (玉罗冈吉, Yùluó gāngjí) — igama lesiTibet ngombhalo wesiShayina; incazelo yalo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Kwi-Cona lokhu itiye layo elinegama elivela ku-epic. Akukho mininingwane ngemakethe nangeqhaza lansuku zonke leli tiye emithonjeni etholakele.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Akukho uhlobo oluqanjwe ngegama. Ngokwencazelo yenkombandlela yezolimo, ngokwesiko izingadi zaziyisixuku sembewu; eminyakeni yamuva nje kukhethwa izihlahla ezithile kuso futhi zandiswe ngezinqwembe, ngakho ingxenye enkulu yezingadi kancane kancane yaba isixuku sama-clone.
Ukuvuna: Ngokwencazelo efanayo — cishe ngesikhathi somkhosi weQingming (ekuqaleni kuka-April).
Izinga lokuvuna: Iqabunga elinamaqabunga amathathu (一芽三叶) emahlumela amancane. Igama elithi “iqabunga” egameni liyingxenye yesithombe sokufanekisa, hhayi izinga lokuvuna.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Imvelaphi kusuka emizaneni emithathu yendawo evikelwe. Incazelo yenkombandlela idinga indlela yokukhiqiza e-organic: ngaphandle komanyolo wamaminerali nezibulala-zinambuzane, kusetshenziswa umquba wendawo kanye nokhula lwehlathi, nokuvikela izinambuzane ngendlela yebhayoloji.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Umthambeka oseningizimu weHimalaya eningizimu yeTibet Autonomous Region.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwendawo — cishe ama-2600 m; indawo uqobo, ngokwencazelo yesithenjwa, isendaweni ephakeme engama-2400–3800 m, kanti izingadi incazelo yenkombandlela idinga ukuthi zimiswe emithambekeni enelanga hhayi ngaphezu kwama-2700 m.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo yesithenjwa — ukuguquka kusuka esimweni sezulu esinomswakama se-subtropical monsoon kuya kwesifudumele esimaphakathi esinomswakama ophakathi: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi cishe liyi-10 °C, cishe amahora angu-1940 elanga, izinsuku eziyi-186 ngaphandle kwesithwathwa, ngaphezu kuka-1000 mm wemvula. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kokuphakama, isimo sezulu sishintsha kakhulu ebangeni elifushane.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwencazelo yesithenjwa — inhlabathi yezintaba ephuzi-nsundu nensundu, enezinhlamvu ezincane, ejulile, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo; incazelo yenkombandlela idinga inhlabathi ene-asidi enongqimba olujulile.
Isilinganiso: Ngokwencazelo yesithenjwa, ngo-2014 esigodini saseLêbu kwakukhona ama-144 mu wezingadi ezithelayo kanye cishe nama-340 jin amaopu wezintaba (高山毛峰) kanye cishe nama-15 312 jin wetiye ohlakazekile ngonyaka; ngo-2015 ukutshala kwasakazekela ezigodini ezine zesigodi saseLêbu futhi kwadlula ama-1400 mu.
Indawo ezungezile: Ngokwencazelo yomthombo, indawo isephakathi kwehlathi eliminyene.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ukuphrintwa kabusha kwesithenjwa kwencazelo yenkombandlela yezolimo kubiza ukucutshungulwa ngokuthi “ukusontwa kathathu nokugazingwa kathathu” (三揉三炒, sān róu sān chǎo) futhi kunikeza uchungechunge; umthombo wokuqala wemininingwane angiwubonanga, imingcele (izinga lokushisa, isikhathi) ekuphrintweni kabusha ayikho.

Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Iqabunga elisha lilungiswa futhi liphephethwe ukuze kususwe ukushisa nezicucu ezincane.
Ukusontwa kokuqala (一揉, yī róu): Okulandelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaxa.
Ukugazingwa kwesibili (二炒, èr chǎo): Ukususa umswakama.
Ukusontwa kwesibili (二揉, èr róu): Futhi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezigaxa.
Ukugazingwa kwesithathu (三炒, sān chǎo): Ukususa umswakama.
Ukusontwa kwesithathu (三揉, sān róu).
Ukomisa (焙干, bèigān) nokugcina.

Ukuvutshelwa nokuxutshwa komoya-mpilo kulolu chungechunge akukho; ngokwesakhiwo lokhu wuhlelo lwetiye eliluhlaza, kodwa isigaba uqobo emibhalweni asiqanjwanga.

Ngendlela ehlukile ichaza itiye lendawo isizindalwazi sikahulumeni wesifunda saseShannan (2019): itiye lesigodi saseLêbu ikakhulukazi liluhlaza futhi lihlukaniswa ngamabanga amathathu — “Cuìjiān”, “Cuìlǜ” kanye “Cuìyù” (翠尖、翠绿、翠玉); ibanga eliphezulu, “Cuìyù”, lenziwa ekupheleni kuka-May — ekuqaleni kuka-June kusuka ezingqongweni ezithambile zamahlumela ngokulungisa, ukusonta nokomisa elangeni (杀青、揉捻、太阳自然干燥). Lena incazelo yokukhiqizwa kwendawo jikelele, hhayi imfuneko yenkombandlela. Ngohlelo oluvela ekuphrintweni kabusha iyaphikisana nasekomiseni — elangeni, hhayi emlilweni (焙干), — nasezikhathini: incazelo yenkombandlela ibeka ukuvuna esikhathini esiseduze nomkhosi weQingming. Ukomisa elangeni ngokwako akushintshi isigaba: ngokwe-GB/T 14456.1—2017 itiye eliluhlaza lenziwa ngokulungisa, ukusonta nokomisa, futhi ukomisa elangeni kunikeza okunye kwezinhlobo zalo ezine — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe elangeni (晒青绿茶, shàiqīng lǜchá).

6. Izici Zokuhlangenwe nakho Kwezitho

Incazelo engezansi inikezwe ngokomnyango wezolimo weTibet Autonomous Region.

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Imisonto eyindilinga eminyene, esindayo futhi ethambile, ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo njengamafutha.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomxube: Iphunga lasezintabeni, “iphunga letiye lasezindaweni eziphakeme”.
Ukunambitheka: Kuhlanzekile futhi kuthambile.
Umbala womxube: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Indawo yetiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane enokwethenjelwa. Izincwadi ezimbili — umbiko wephephandaba laseTibet lango-2014 kanye nokuphrintwa kabusha kwencazelo yenkombandlela — zinikeza amaphesenti ama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid nama-catechin, kodwa izinombolo zazo ziyahluka, futhi akukho neyodwa ehambisana nesakhiwo setiye: kwenye ama-catechin maningi kunawo wonke ama-polyphenol afakwe kuwo, kwenye ama-amino acid acishe abe ingxenye yesihlanu yesisindo esomile. Lezi zinombolo angizinikezi.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba lapha awutholakali: isigaba setiye asinqunywanga. Uhlelo oluqaphile olujwayelekile lweqabunga elisontekile eliminyene:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: Qala ngo-85–90 °C bese ulungisa ngokunambitheka.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe — kuyo kuyabonakala ukuthi umsonteko uvuleka kanjani nokuthi umbala womxube unjani.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Umxube wokuqala — imizuzwana engama-30–60.
4. Thela bese unambitha.
5. Uma umxube ubukhali — yehlisa izinga lokushisa, uma ungenalutho — yandisa isikhathi sokumisa.
6. Phinda, ngenkathi ukunambitheka kusekhona.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba lapha awutholakali. Incazelo yenkombandlela idinga ukuthi itiye elipakiwe ligcinwe endaweni ehlanzekile, emnyama, eyomile futhi enomoya, evikelekile emswakameni nasezinambuzaneni. Umthetho ojwayelekile wanoma yiliphi itiye elinamaqabunga — isitsha esivaleka ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle; uma umthengisi ebonisa ukuthi leli yitiye eliluhlaza, — isiqandisisi ku-0–5 °C.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungagwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
- Funna uphawu lwenkombandlela yezolimo yejografi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi itiye livela eCona — kusuka emizaneni emithathu yendawo evikelwe.
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka: imisonto eyindilinga eminyene, ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo.
- Buza umthengisi ngesigaba setiye: imibhalo ayisiqambi, futhi umthengisi othembekile kufanele azi ukuthi itiye lenziwa kanjani.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Igama lakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili — esiShayina nesiTibet — futhi lihlanganiswe nephoyinti phakathi.
Indawo evikelwe incane kakhulu: imizana emithathu endaweni ecishe ibe ngu-6 ngo-7.5 km.
I-epic kaGesar, ngokwencazelo yomthombo, ikhuluma “ngetiye laseMênyǔ iYùluó Gāngjí” phakathi kwamatiye amathathu adumile aseTibet.
Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwendawo — cishe ama-2600 m.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseTibet

Mòtuō Lǜ Chá (墨脱绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseMêdog eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTibet.
Yìgòng Hóng Chá (易贡红茶): Itiye elibomvu lepulazi letiye laseYigong eduze kwechibi laseYigong.
Cháyú Hóng Chá (察隅红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseZayü.
Línzhī Chūn Lǜ (林芝春绿): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseNyingchi.

Ngokungafani nawo, isigaba seMênyǔ Fóyá · Yùluó Gāngjí asinqunywanga.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Mênyǔ Fóyá · Yùluó Gāngjí — itiye elincane eliphakeme lomthambeka oseningizimu weHimalaya: imizana emithathu, ukuphakama okuphakathi cishe ama-2600 m, ihlathi eliminyene, igama eliphindwe kabili lesiShayina nesiTibet kanye nokukhulunywa kwe-epic kaGesar. Imibhalo iqinisekisa ukubhaliswa kwango-2014 futhi ichaza ukubukeka — imisonto eyindilinga eminyene ecwebezelayo enephunga lezintaba nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile, — kodwa ayisibizi isigaba ngegama, futhi ayisisho uhlobo. Ubuchwepheshe — “ukusontwa kathathu nokugazingwa kathathu”, ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa nokuxutshwa komoya-mpilo, ngohlelo lwetiye eliluhlaza, — ngikubone kuphela ekuphrintweni kabusha kwesithenjwa sencazelo yenkombandlela. Isifunda saseShannan naso sibiza itiye lendawo ngokuthi ikakhulukazi liluhlaza futhi sichaza ibanga laso eliphezulu njenge tiye eliluhlaza elomiswe elangeni, kodwa lena yincazelo yokukhiqizwa kwendawo, hhayi imfuneko yegama. Ngenkathi imininingwane ingakafundwa emthonjeni wokuqala, isigaba ngemuva kwegama asiqinisiwe.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 14456.1-2017

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo