Huòshān hóngchá · thetea.app

I-Huoshan Hongcha (Huòshān hóngchá, 霍山红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Huoshan (霍山县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Lu’an entshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Isifunda saziwa kakhulu ngamatiye aphuzi, i-Huoshan Huang Ya ne-Huoshan Huangdacha, kanti itiye elibomvu lapha liyigama elihlukile. Igama livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma komhlaba, ngokombiko wonyaka we-Trademark Bureau ka-2016, inombolo yalo ingu-12209045. Ngokombiko we-China National Radio (2023), itiye elibomvu lasesigodini sase-Dongxixi lenziwa ngezinhlobo ze-Qimen Zhuye, ezalethwa eningizimu yesifundazwe maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ayikho imfuneko yokubukeka nobuchwepheshe etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele. Isigaba siqanjwe egameni; angizange ngibone idokhumenti enezidingo zobuchwepheshe.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Anhui; uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma komhlaba (hhayi ngemva kuka-2016).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha lase-Lu’an (六安, Lù’ān), isifunda sase-Huoshan (霍山, Huòshān).
Indawo evikelwe: Isifunda sase-Huoshan sibalwa njengengxenye yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; angizange ngihlole umngcele womthetho wendawo. Umnikazi wophawu akashiwongo emithonjeni etholiwe.
Indawo eyinhloko ngokwezindaba: Idolobhana lase-Yangsanzhai (杨三寨村) esigodini sase-Dongxixi (东西溪乡) emngceleni oseningizimu-mpumalanga wesifunda, njengoba kubizwa kanjalo ngumbiko we-China National Radio (2023).
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Ngokwalowo mbiko, i-Yangsanzhai isendaweni engu-31° enyakatho; longitude ayikho emithonjeni etholiwe.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngokombiko we-China National Radio (2023), isigodi sase-Dongxixi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule satshala izinhlobo zetiye i-Qimen Zhuye (祁门槠叶种, Qímén zhūyèzhǒng), ezalethwa eningizimu ye-Anhui. Unyaka oqondile awukho embikweni.
- 2016. Umbiko wonyaka we-Trademark Bureau ka-2016 ubiza uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma komhlaba «霍山红茶» ngenombolo 12209045. Angizange ngihlole izinsuku zokufaka nokubhaliswa.
- 2019. Ngokwalowo mbiko womsakazo, isigodi saheha inkampani yezolimo, futhi yona yakha uhlobo lwebhizinisi lwetiye elibomvu «霍山红» («e-Red Hoshan»). Lolu uphawu lwangasese, hhayi uphawu lwesitifiketi ngokwalo. Ngokwe-People’s Daily (2021), ngawo lowo nyaka inkampani yamema umphathi wefa lezomdabu wamatiye abomvu ukuze athuthukise ubuchwepheshe.
- 2020. Itiye elibomvu elethwe yisigodi sase-Dongxixi lathola indondo yegolide «yezinkanyezi ezine» emqhudelwaneni wokuqala wamatiye adumile e-Yangtze River Delta.
- 2022. Isifunda sahlongoza ukufaka isicelo sokuqashelwa kwe-Huoshan Hongcha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lokuma komhlaba. Umphumela wesicelo awukho emithonjeni etholiwe.
- 2023. Embonini wamatiye we-XVI Anhui International e-Hefei, itiye elifanayo lathola igolide esigabeni samatiye abomvu emqhudelwaneni we-«2023 Yangtze River Delta Tea Competition». Ngawo lowo nyaka uhulumeni wesifunda waqinisekisa uphawu lwe-«霍山红茶»; ukuthi ukuvikelwa kusasebenza yini manje, akukaqinisekiswa.
Igama: «Huoshan» (霍山) yigama lesifunda; «hongcha» (红茶) itiye elibomvu. NgesiShayina, okubizwa ngokuthi okubomvu yilokho eNtshonalanga okubizwa ngokuthi itiye elimnyama.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni esidume ngamatiye aphuzi, itiye elibomvu liwumkhakha isigodi sase-Dongxixi, ngokombiko ka-2023, esiwakha njengensika yokuthuthukisa idolobhana, izingadi, indawo yokukhiqiza, uphawu lwebhizinisi kanye nezokuvakasha zamatiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Ngokombiko we-China National Radio (2023), e-Dongxixi kukhula izinhlobo ze-Qimen Zhuye (祁门槠叶种), ezalethwa eningizimu ye-Anhui. Ngokwezincazelo eziyireferensi zalezi zinhlobo, kwenziwa ngazo i-Qimen Hongcha, zalethwa kwezinye izindawo zamatiye, futhi ngo-1984 zaqashelwa njengezinhlobo zikazwelonke ngaphansi kwegama elithi «祁门种» — «izinhlobo zase-Qimen». Ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezivunyelwa uphawu, akukho emithonjeni etholiwe.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Ayikho indinganiso yezinto ezingavuthiwe emithonjeni etholiwe.
Ukuvuna: Azikho izikhathi zokuvuna emithonjeni etholiwe.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholiwe.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Intshonalanga ye-Anhui; indawo eyinhloko ngokwezindaba idolobhana lase-Yangsanzhai emngceleni oseningizimu-mpumalanga wesifunda.
Indawo nesimo sezulu: Ngokombiko ka-2023 kunezintaba eziphakeme namagquma, ihlathi eliminyene, amafu nenkungu unyaka wonke; isimo sezulu sipholile futhi sinomswakama, umehluko wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku mkhulu. Inkampani yendawo ibiza itiye layo ngokuthi «itiye elibomvu lasezintabeni eziphakeme».
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imfuneko. Ngokwamazwi ommeleli wenkampani eyenza itiye elibomvu e-Yangsanzhai (People’s Daily, 2021), izingadi zisendaweni ephakathi kwamamitha angu-600 kuya kwangu-800.
Inhlabathi: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholiwe.
Isikali: Ngokombiko womsakazo, umfelandawonye wathatha izingadi eziyi-150 mu ezindlini ezingama-31 zedolobhana lase-Yangsanzhai. Ngo-2022, ngokwalowo mbiko, itiye elibomvu lalethe emnothweni ohlangene wedolobhana cishe ama-yuan angu-300,000. Lezi zibalo ezedolobhana elilodwa, hhayi esifundeni sonke.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ayikho imfuneko yobuchwepheshe be-Huoshan Hongcha emithonjeni etholiwe. Umbiko ka-2023 uthi kuphela ukuthi isigodi satshala imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.7 zama-yuan embonini, ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, indawo ehlukile yokuvutshelwa kanye nemishini, futhi samema ingcweti, umphathi wefa lezomdabu we-Qimen Hongcha, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi.

Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo ye-Huoshan Hongcha:

Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amangqamuzana eqabunga ayaphuka, ubisi luphumele ngaphandle.
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): I-oxidation iguqula iqabunga eliluhlaza libe bomvu njengethusi.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kuqinise iphunga elimnandi.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka

Ayikho imfuneko yokubukeka kwe-Huoshan Hongcha emithonjeni etholiwe. Ngezansi incazelo yomkhiqizo wenkampani eyodwa yase-Yangsanzhai embukisweni wamatiye ka-2021, ngokwe-People’s Daily, hhayi indinganiso yophawu; kubakaki amagama omthombo.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu emincane eminyene enoboya obubonakalayo (条索紧细，茶毫显露).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholiwe.
Iphunga lotshwala: Alichazwanga ngokwehlukana; emlonyeni umthombo uphawula iphunga elimnandi kanye nokuphunga kwezimbali nezithelo (入口甜香、花果香交融).
Ukunambitheka: Ukunambitheka okumnandi okusemva kokugwinya okubonakalayo (回甘生津明显); itiye limelana nokuthelwa kaningi (经久耐泡). Inkampani ifingqa isimilo salo ngefomula ethi «一甜、二糖、三如蜜» — «ubumnandi, ushukela, kuhle kwezinyosi».
Umbala wotshwala: Ophuzi ngokusawolintshi, ocacile, we-amber (汤色橙黄透亮，呈琥珀色).
Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga elitheliwe): Eliyisicaba, elivulekile, eliphilayo nelithambile (叶底均匀舒展，鲜活细嫩).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho idatha ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholiwe.

8. Ukuthelela

Umkhuba wesigaba samatiye abomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3–5 ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa isitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Ukuthelela kokuqala kube imizuzwana engu-10–20.
4. Thela konke ukuthelela enkomishini ejwayelekile.
5. Ukuthelela okuphindaphindiwe, ungeza imizuzwana engu-5–10 isikhathi ngasinye.
6. Ngokuvamile itiye limelana nokuthelwa okune kuya kwayisithupha.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomileyo epholile, esitsheni esivaliwe esingabonakali, kude namaphunga nomswakama. Isiqandisi asidingeki etiyeni elibomvu.

10. Intengo kanye Namanga

Ayikho idatha ngamanani emithonjeni etholiwe.

Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:
- Funza uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma komhlaba «霍山红茶».
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Huoshan.
- Ungadidanisi uphawu nobizo lwangasese «霍山红»: uphawu lwenkampani eyodwa aluthatheli indawo uphawu lwesitifiketi.
- Ungadidanisi namatiye aphuzi esifunda: i-Huoshan Huang Ya ne-Huoshan Huangdacha anezimpawu zawo nobuchwepheshe bawo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Esifundeni samatiye aphuzi, itiye elibomvu lenziwa ngezinhlobo ezalethwa endaweni ye-Qimen Hongcha.
Uphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-«霍山红茶» nobizo lwangasese lwe-«霍山红» yizinto ezahlukile: uphawu lushiwongo embikweni ka-2016, ubizo lwenziwa ngo-2019.
Izindondo ezimbili, zika-2020 no-2023, zatholwa yitiye lesigodi esisodwa, i-Dongxixi.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Ase-Anhui

I-Qimen Hongcha (祁门红茶): Itiye elibomvu elidumile laseningizimu yesifundazwe; izinhlobo zalo i-Qimen Zhuye ziyakhula nase-Dongxixi.
I-Jinzhai Hongcha (金寨红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Jinzhai esifundeni esifanayo sase-Lu’an.
I-Huoshan Huang Ya (霍山黄芽): Itiye eliphuzi elivela emiqulwini, eliyinkazimulo enkulu yesifunda.
I-Huoshan Huangdacha (霍山黄大茶): Itiye eliphuzi elinamaqabunga amakhulu lesifunda esifanayo, elinokubila isikhathi eside nokushisa okunamandla.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Huoshan Hongcha itiye elibomvu lesifunda wonke umhlaba owazi ngalo ngamatiye aphuzi. Amadokhumenti ngawo amancane: inombolo yophawu lwesitifiketi embikweni ka-2016, ukuqinisekiswa kwesifunda ngo-2023 kanye nesicelo sika-2022 sesimo somkhiqizo onophawu lokuma komhlaba, umphumela waso ongaziwa. Imithombo yezindaba yengeza okubalulekile ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinhlobo ze-Qimen Zhuye ezintabeni zesigodi sase-Dongxixi, kanti ukubukeka kwaziwa kuphela ngencazelo yomkhiqizo wenkampani eyodwa; ayikho imfuneko yokubukeka nobuchwepheshe emithonjeni etholiwe.