Huǒtián Dàmàoshān chá

Huǒtián Dàmàoshān chá (Huǒtián Dàmàoshān chá, 火田大茂山茶) itiye lasentabeni iDamaoshan (大茂山) edolobhaneni laseHuotian (火田镇) esifundeni saseYunxiao (云霄县) kumasipala wedolobha iZhangzhou eningizimu yesifundazwe saseFujian. Into esemqoka enaleli gama, ihlathi lasendulo letiye lasendle ekujuleni kwentaba: ngokwamaphephandaba endawo, kukhula kulo amakhulu ezihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300. Inganekwane ixhumanisa ukutholakala kwetiye lendawo nomholi wamabutho waseTang uChen Zheng kanye nonyaka ka-669, kusuka lapho igama lomphakathi elithi “itiye likaJenene Chen”. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2016 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, kwathi ngo-2024 kwamukelwa izinga leqembu. Ikilasi letiye alishiwongo uphawu noma izincazelo ezitholiwe, ngakho i-athikili ime esigabeni sezigaba.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunqunywanga. Uphawu lubhaliswe empahleni “itiye” ngaphandle kokukhomba ikilasi; umbhalo wezinga lika-2024, lapho ikilasi lalingashiwongo khona, angikawuboni. Incazelo yendawo, iqabunga elisesimweni “sekhanda likajekamanzi”, umxube osagolide, iphunga le-orchid, kufana nokubukeka kwe-oolong yaseningizimu yeFujian, futhi uphawu olunegama lentaba efanayo lwathola umklomelo we-tieguanyin. Lezi zimpawu ezingaqondile, hhayi incwadi.
Isigaba: Itiye elinophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2016) kanye nezinga leqembu (2024).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala wedolobha iZhangzhou (漳州, Zhāngzhōu), isifunda iYunxiao (云霄, Yúnxiāo), idolobhana laseHuotian, intaba iDamaoshan. Idolobhana letiye lentaba yiBaishi (白石村).
Indawo yokuvikelwa: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu lubiza isifunda iYunxiao njengobunikazi bokuphatha bophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angikawuhloli. Imingcele eqondile, cishe, ibekwa yizinga lika-2024, kodwa umbhalo walo angikawuboni.
Indlela yokuvikelwa: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-CNIPA № 15262179; igama eliqondile lophawu “火田大茂山茶 HUOTIAN DAMAOSHAN TEA”, impahla itiye. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2026 ukubhaliswa kubonakala kusasebenza.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda iYunxiao cishe singama-24° N no-117.3° E.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- 669 unyaka, inganekwane ngoJenene Chen. Ngokwenganekwane, ngonyaka wesibili wenkathi yeZongzhang yohlu lozalo lwaseTang, umholi wamabutho uChen Zheng (陈政), owayehamba ngomyalo eya eningizimu nebutho lakhe, wathola itiye lasendle emahlathini aseDamaoshan. Amaqabunga ayeqoqwa, omiswa futhi afakwe emanzini abilayo, futhi amasosha ayephuza umxube ohambeni. Kusuka lapho igama lomphakathi elithi “itiye likaJenene Chen” (陈将军茶). Ayikho incwadi eqinisekisa lesi senzakalo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ekupheleni kuka-2016. Idolobhana laseHuotian lathola uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo “火田大茂山茶”. Ngokushicilelwa kwendawo okufanayo, ingadi yasendulo yetiye kanye namasiko ahlobene netiye ngaleso sikhathi angena “ohwini lukazwelonke lwamagugu ezolimo” (全国农业文化遗产名录). Ezinhlotsheni ezishicilelwe zohlu “Amagugu ezolimo abalulekile e-China” (中国重要农业文化遗产) phakathi kwezinto zaseFujian angikutholanga; ukuthi yikuphi ukubalwa okukhulunywa ngakho, angikutholanga.
- Ngemva kokubhaliswa. Ngokwamaphephandaba endawo, abaholi besifunda beza eBaishi ukufunda imboni, futhi inhlangano yetiye yesifunda yaletha ochwepheshe ukuze bakhiphe ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kwendlela yendabuko futhi bakuxhumanise namasu ezinye izindawo zetiye zezwe.
- 2024. Ngomhla ka-6 Novemba kwashicilelwa futhi kwethulwa izinga leqembu T/YXDBCX 0019-2024 “Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Huotian Damaoshan Cha”. Libeka indawo yemvelaphi, izidingo, imithetho yokulawula kanye nokumaka. Abathuthukisi yinhlangano yesifunda yemboni yezimpawu zendawo, isikhungo sesifunda sokuhlolwa okusheshayo kokudla, izinkampani ezimbalwa zetiye zendawo kanye nepulazi lomndeni. Izinga lihlobene ngqo nomkhiqizo wophawu olwavunyelwa yiHhovisi likaHulumeni Lezimboni Nezohwebo langaphambilini.
Igama: “Huotian” (火田) yigama ledolobhana, ngokwezwi nezwi “insimu yomlilo”; “Damaoshan” (大茂山) yigama lentaba, lapho u茂 esho “okuluhlaza, okuminyene”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwamaphephandaba endawo, eBaishi kwakhiwe uchungechunge kusuka ekukhiqizeni nasekucutshungulweni kuye ekuthuthweni nasekudayiseni, kunezitolo ezinegama kanye nezindlu zetiye, futhi idolobhana lihlanganisa itiye nezokuvakasha.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Emithonjeni etholakele alishiwongo.
Izihlahla zasendle: Amaphephandaba endawo abiza iDamaoshan njengendawo ebalulekile yokugcina izinsiza zofuzo zesitshalo setiye (种质资源库): ehlathini kukhula amakhulu ezihlahla zasendle ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300. Ubukhulu behlathi ekulandiseni bunikezwe ngamayunithi engingakwazanga ukuwaqinisekisa, ngakho angikunikezi.
Izihlahla zasengadini: Ngaphandle kwehlathi, eduze nedolobhana kunezingadi ezijwayelekile: ebusika kuzo kubondliwa izihlahla futhi kusikwa iziqongo, kwehliswa umqhele.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Kusuka ezihlahleni zasendle, ezihlahleni zasengadini noma kuzo zombili kwenziwa itiye lophawu, imithombo etholakele ayicacisi.
Izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-terroir nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zaseningizimu yeFujian, isifunda iZhangzhou.
Ukuphakama: Encwadini yendawo kuthiwa iBaishi imi entabeni iDamaoshan ephakeme ngo-1075.5 m nokuthi yidolobhana eliphakeme kunazo zonke esifundeni. Ukuphakama kwezingadi nehlathi emithonjeni etholakele akukho.
Isimo sezulu: Intaba, ngokwencazelo, unyaka wonke isemafwini nasenkungwini. Eminye imininingwane yesimo sezulu emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Ihlathi: Ihlathi lasendle letiye lisekujuleni kwentaba. Amaphephandaba endawo alibiza ngomphakathi omkhulu kunayo yonke wezihlahla zetiye zasendle eFujian; angikwazanga ukukuhlola lokhu kuqhathanisa.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe betiye lophawu emithonjeni etholakele abuchazwanga, futhi umbhalo wezinga lika-2024 angikawuboni. Njengoba ikilasi linganqunywanga, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwanoma yiliphi ikilasi angilunikezi lapha: lungaveza ukuqagela njengencazelo.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe ekushicilelweni kwendawo mayelana “netiye laseDamaoshan”; angikayiqhathanisi nombhalo wezinga.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisesimweni “sekhanda likajekamanzi”, okuyisithombe e-China esivame ukuchaza iqabunga eligoqwe ngokuqinile lama-oolong aseningizimu yeFujian.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomxube: Le-orchid (有兰花味).
Ukunambitheka: “Amanzi athambile, abushelelezi futhi athambile” (水软滑嫩); kuqala kuba munyu, bese kuba mnandi (先苦后甘); iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside emlonyeni (颊齿留香，经久不散). Limelana nokufakwa kwamanzi amaningi (耐冲泡).
Umbala womxube: Osagolide (汤色金黄).
Indawo yetiye (iqabunga elifakwe emanzini): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

Incazelo yokuhweba “yetiye likaJenene Chen” yengeza “i-rock echo” (岩韵), ubumnandi obuthambile kanye nephunga elihlanzekile. Lokhu ukukhangisa komkhiqizo owodwa, hhayi incazelo yophawu.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe mayelana nokusebenza kwaleli tiye ngokwalo. Indaba yokuthi umxube “wetiye likaJenene Chen” wawusiza amasosha ohambeni, iyinganekwane, hhayi ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwetiye.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ikilasi letiye alinqunywanga; ngezansi yimingcele ejwayelekile ye-oolong eseningizimu yeFujian egoqwe ngokuqinile, okufana nencazelo.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 6–8 g nge-110 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane yobumba.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza isitsha, ukugeza itiye ngokufaka okufushane.
2. Umxube wokuqala, imizuzwana engama-20–30, ngamunye olandelayo, imizuzwana emi-5–10 ngaphezulu.
3. Incazelo ithembisa ukuqina, ngakho kungase kube nokufakwa kwamanzi okuningi.

10. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wekilasi. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, endaweni epholile emnyama, ngaphandle komswakama namaphunga angaphandle. Uma itiye kuvela ukuthi yi-oolong ekhanyayo enephunga, kungcono ukuligcina emakhazeni futhi uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.

11. Intengo kanye nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka ephaketheni uphawu lwendawo “火田大茂山茶”.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda iYunxiao.
- Khumbula ukuthi izimpawu zokuhweba ezinegama lentaba akufani nophawu.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ehlathini laseDamaoshan kukhula amakhulu ezihlahla zetiye zasendle ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300.
Idolobhana letiye elikhulu iBaishi, ngokwamaphephandaba endawo, liphakeme kunazo zonke esifundeni iYunxiao.
Iqoqo lendawo mayelana nezimpawu zendawo zesifunda lihlanganisa izinkondlo ngetiye laseDamaoshan, mayelana “nezihlahla zeminyaka eyinkulungwane” kanye “nomoya weTang” wentaba.
Uphawu olunegama lentaba lwathola indondo yegolide e-VII China International Tea Exhibition nge-tieguanyin; lokhu kungumklomelo wophawu, hhayi wophawu lwendawo.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye asesifundeni iZhangzhou

Pinghe Bai Ya Qi Lan (平和白芽奇兰): I-oolong yesifunda esingumakhelwane iPinghe; ngemuva kwegama laseDamaoshan kukhona ngokuyinhloko ihlathi lasendle, futhi ikilasi alinqunywanga yincwadi.
Zhaoan Ba Xian (诏安八仙): I-oolong yesifunda esingumakhelwane iZhaoan yohlobo lwekhulu lama-20; iDamaoshan incike ezihlahleni ezindala zasendle.
Zhangzhou Se Zhong (漳州色种): I-oolong exubile yesifunda; ngokwe-athikili yomhlangano, indawo yayo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izifunda eziyishumi nanye, kanti igama laseDamaoshan lihlobene nentaba eyodwa.

Ekuphetheni:

Huotian Damaoshan Cha yigama lentaba enehlathi lasendle letiye, amakhulu ezihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu kanye nenganekwane ngoJenene Chen. Imibhalo ngetiye ngokwalo imbalwa: uphawu kusukela ngo-2016, izinga leqembu lika-2024 kanye nencazelo yendawo, “ikhanda likajekamanzi”, umxube osagolide, iphunga le-orchid, ubumunyu obuguqukela ebumnandini. Ikilasi ngokwencwadi alinqunywanga, futhi lokhu kungumbuzo oyinhloko okufanele uphendulwe umbhalo wezinga.

Imithombo

Amazinga

T/YXDBCX 0019-2024

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo