Hónghú héyè chá

Honghu Heye Cha (Hónghú héyè chá, 洪湖荷叶茶) — «itiye laseHonghu leqabunga lelotusi», isiphuzo esenziwe ngamaqabunga elotusi esifunda sasedolobheni i-Honghu (洪湖市) esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Jingzhou esifundazweni i-Hubei. Alikho iqabunga letiye kuso: lokhu esikhundleni setiye, okucutshungulwa ngendlela yetiye — ukumiswa, ukusongwa, ukomiswa. I-Honghu iphila ngelotusi, futhi esitshalweni esisodwa lapha kunezinkomba ezine zendawo: esiqwini, embewini, emahlumela amancane nakuleli qabunga. Igama livikelwa uphawu lwezolimo nophawu lwesitifiketi kusukela ngo-2021, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Indawo yetiye yamaqabunga elotusi, hhayi itiye elivela ku-Camellia sinensis. Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibiza umkhiqizo oqediwe ngokuthi «iqabunga letiye» (成品茶叶), kodwa impahla yalo iyiqabunga lelotusi kuphela. Alikho ezigabeni eziyisithupha zetiye.
• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo; ingxenye yeqoqo lelotusi laseHonghu kanye ne-洪湖莲藕, 洪湖莲子 kanye ne-洪湖藕带.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda sedolobha i-Jingzhou (荆州, Jīngzhōu), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Honghu (洪湖, Hónghú).
• Indawo evikelwe: Sonke isifunda sasedolobheni — amayunithi angama-21 ezifunda: izindawo ezimbili zasedolobheni, indawo yokuthuthukisa ezomnotho, amadolobhana ayishumi nane, isifunda sikazwelonke sase-Laowan-Hui kanye nezifunda ezintathu eziphethwe (i-Datonghu, i-Dashahu, i-Xiaogang); ingqikithi yemizana engama-49 nemiphakathi yasedolobheni engu-9. Umfakisicelo — Isikhungo sokuthuthukisa imboni yelotusi yaseHonghu (洪湖莲藕事业发展中心).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 113°07′–114°05′ E, 29°39′–30°02′ N.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Ilotusi echibini. Ngokwenganekwane, eyethulwa i-Xinhua, ilotusi eHonghu belilinywa kusukela maphakathi nenkathi ye-Yuan, lapho ichibi ligeleza khona.
  • Itiye leqabunga. Isichazamazwi se-MAIGOO, lapho le ndatshana ibhalwe khona ngumsebenzisi wesayithi, sithi ngesikhathi se-Qing isiphuzo seqabunga lelotusi sasisehhovisi lasebukhosini nokuthi isiko lakhona lafika ekhulwini lama-20, licaphuna «Umlando weDolobha laseHonghu» (《洪湖市志》); kwenye indawo isichazamazwi esifanayo sibuyisela isiko emuva ku-Qin no-Han. Imithombo yokuqala ayikho ezintweni ezitholakele, futhi zombili izinsuku zihlala zingaqinisekisiwe.
  • Ama-1990. Ngokwesichazamazwi esifanayo, eHonghu baphinde balungisa indlela yokupheka ngezinto zendawo futhi badlulela ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile.
  • 2021. Ukubhaliswa kophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (ngokwesichazamazwi se-MAIGOO — ngo-Ephreli). Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokwesichazamazwi esifanayo ngoZibandlela, kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi olunophawu lwendawo № 51600492 — njengoba kuvela ohlwini lweHhovisi lempahla yobuhlakani lase-Hubei.
  • 2024. Isifundazwe samukela «Izihlinzeko Eziyisikhombisa Zelotusi» (藕七条), saphakamisa uhlobo lwe-«洪湖莲藕» ezingeni lesifundazwe; ngaphansi kwazo eHonghu kwakhiwa Isikhungo sokuthuthukisa imboni yelotusi — okuzoba umfakisicelo wokuvikelwa esikhathini esizayo.
  • 2025. Ngokumenyezelwa kweHhovisi likaHulumeni lempahla yobuhlakani № 640 kusukela mhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi 2025 (kusayithi — 13 Agasti) isiphuzo saqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, eqenjini lezinto eziyi-1409.
• Igama: 洪湖 — ichibi i-Honghu, elinikeze igama ledolobha; 荷叶 — iqabunga lelotusi; 茶 — itiye.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwe-«Hubei ribao», ngoSepthemba 1991 ilotusi laba yimbali yedolobha futhi eHonghu kwenziwa umkhosi welotusi. Igama lechibi laziwa ezweni lonke ngefilimu «Red Guard eChibini laseHonghu» nangengoma yakhona — leli phephandaba libheka lokhu njengesisekelo sokuqashelwa kohlobo lwendawo yelotusi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Isitshalo: Ilotusi (莲, lián; iqabunga — 荷叶, héyè), isitshalo sasemanzini emachibini nasemachibini amancane.
• Uhlobo: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa — ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zendabuko zendawo. I-Xinhua ibala amaqembu amane elotusi laseHonghu — i-floury rhizome (粉藕莲), i-crispy rhizome (脆藕莲), imbewu (子莲) kanye namahlumela amancane (藕带莲), izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi; ukuthi yiziphi kuzo ezisetshenziselwa iqabunga letiye, akushiwo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Iqabunga elisha. Isichazamazwi se-MAIGOO sibhala ngamaqabunga aphelele anobubanzi obungu-20–50 cm, aqoqwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo; embhalweni wokuvikelwa lezi zibalo azikho.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Ithafa lase-Jianghan eningizimu ye-Hubei. Ichibi i-Honghu, ngokwe-«Hubei ribao», — ichibi elikhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile ethafeni; isifunda sasedolobheni sinamachibi ayi-102.
• Isimo sezulu: Cishe ku-30° N; i-subtropical humid monsoon — ukukhanya okuningi nemvula, ihlobo elishisayo, ubusika obupholile, imvula ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
• Inhlabathi namanzi: I-Xinhua ibiza ichibi ngokuthi indawo ebalulekile ehlanekezelwayo yamanzi, «izinso zase-Hubei» (湖北之肾). Izinsalela zezitshalo zamanzi zanikeza ubumba oluvundile «oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» (青泥巴), olunothe nge-organic, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
• Isikali: Ngokwe-«Hubei ribao» (2023), ilotusi eHonghu lithatha cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-220 zama-mu; ayikho idatha ngendawo yokuqoqwa kweqabunga letiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zika-2025 zibeka uhlelo:

1. Ukuqoqa (采摘).
2. Ukugeza (清洗).
3. Ukusika (切片).
4. Ukumiswa kwe-microwave (微波杀青, wēibō shāqīng). Esiteji setiye ngokuvamile lesi siteji siyasetshenziswa ukumisa ama-enzyme eqabunga.
5. Imijikelezo emithathu yokusonga nokomisa (3次揉捻及烘烤).
6. «Ukuphakamisa iphunga» (提香, tíxiāng).

Amapharamitha — amazinga okushisa, isikhathi, umswakama ezigabeni — awakho embhalweni wokuvikelwa. Isichazamazwi se-MAIGOO sikhuluma ngemisebenzi eyishumi nambili, kodwa sibala eziyisithupha kuphela.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokubukeka

Incazelo ithathwe ezidingweni zokuvikelwa zika-2025.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imichilo (条索状) noma imicwecwe (颗粒状), umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okhanyayo (青绿色或浅绿色).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ubusha obuphawulekayo beqabunga lelotusi (荷叶特有的清香), ngaphandle kwephunga elingaphandle.
• Iphunga lokuphisa: Iphunga elihle lelotusi (荷香清雅).
• Ukunambitheka: Kuhlanzekile futhi kuthambile (口感清醇).
• Umbala wokuphisa: Kuhlanzekile futhi kukhanya (汤色清靓); umbala awushiwo embhalweni.
• Iphantepipi yetiye (iqabunga eliphekwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izindinganiso zomzimba zamakhemikhali zokuvikelwa:

Isibonakaliso	Isilinganiso
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini	okungenani 30.0 g ku-100 g
Ama-amino acid akhululekile	okungenani 1.2 g ku-100 g
Ama-flavonoid (黄酮)	okungenani 0.8 g ku-100 g
Umswakama	okungaphezu kuka-6.00 g ku-100 g

Lezi yizinkomba, hhayi amanani akaliwe etiye elithile.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba. Amapharamitha alesi siphuzo awakho emithonjeni etholakele; ngezansi — umkhuba ojwayelekile weqabunga elomisiwe, elenziwa njenge-tiye.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: Cishe 90–95 °C.
• Inani: 2–3 g ku-150–200 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane.
• Isikhathi: Ukuchithwa kokuqala — imizuzu emi-2–3; bese kuba ukuchithwa okuphindwe kabili noma kuthathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avalekile, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga. Izinga lomswakama lomkhiqizo liphansi — okungaphezu kwe-6%, futhi ukupakishwa okuvuliwe kungcono ukuvala ngokuqinile.

10. Amanani Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ayikho idatha ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo eduze kwegama 洪湖荷叶茶; ilungelo lalo linikezwa abakhiqizi bendawo ngokufaka isicelo ehhovisi ledolobha lempahla yobuhlakani, ngokuhlolwa esifundazweni.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Honghu.
  • Izinto zokusetshenziswa — iqabunga lelotusi, hhayi iqabunga letiye.
  • Ukubukeka — imichilo noma imicwecwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okhanyayo enephunga lelotusi.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Isitshalo esisodwa — izinkomba ezine: isiqu (洪湖莲藕), imbewu (洪湖莲子), amahlumela amancane (洪湖藕带) kanye neqabunga (洪湖荷叶茶). I-«Keji ribao» (2026) ikhuluma ngalokhu njengempikiswano eyinhloko yokubaluleka kohlobo lomkhiqizo.
• Iqabunga lelotusi akulona kuphela ukusetshenziswa «kwetiye»: i-«Jingji ribao» ibhala ngomkhiqizo omusha waseHonghu — ikhofi eneqabunga lelotusi.
• Inani lohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-«洪湖莲藕» ngoNovemba 2025 lilinganiselwa ku-25.86 billion yuan; itiye leqabunga liyingxenye kuphela yalesi sibalo.
• Umthamo wokucubungula itiye leqabunga, ngokwe-«Hubei ribao» (2023), — amathani ayi-10 ngonyaka, kanti i-«Jingji ribao» (2025) ithi i-Honghu inamaphesenti angama-53 emakethe kazwelonke yaleli tiye.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye «amatiye» angewona avela esihlahleni setiye

• Heye, iqabunga lelotusi elomisiwe (荷叶): I-athikili ejwayelekile yomhlangano ngeqabunga lelotusi elomisiwe ngaphandle kokuboshelwa endaweni; i-Honghu Heye Cha ingumkhiqizo othile ovikelwe ngokumiswa nangokusongwa.
• Huangmei Heye Cha (黄梅荷叶茶): Itiye lesibili levikelwe leqabunga lelotusi e-Hubei — lesifunda sase-Huangmei, umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kusukela ngo-2014.
• Guanshan Lianqiao Cha (冠山连翘茶): Iqabunga le-forsythia lase-Shanxi, eliqashelwa ngesimemezelo esifanayo № 640.
• Maoyan Meicha (茅岩莓茶): Umvini Ampelopsis grossedentata wase-Hunan, ovela esimemezelweni esifanayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Honghu Heye Cha akulona itiye, kodwa iqabunga lelotusi elivela echibini elikhulu kunawo wonke ethafeni lase-Jianghan, elicutshungulwa ngendlela yetiye: ukumiswa kwe-microwave, imijikelezo emithathu yokusonga nokomisa, «ukuphakamisa iphunga». Izidingo zokuvikelwa zisichaza kahle — imichilo noma imicwecwe, ukuphisa okukhanyayo okucacile okunephunga lelotusi, izindinganiso zama-amino acid nama-flavonoid, — futhi umlando wesiphuzo kuze kube ngama-1990 okwamanje usekelwe ezinkombeni ezingaqinisekisiwe.