héyè

Iqabunga le-lotus elomisiwe (荷叶 héyè) lingenye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu esigabeni sezimbali nezinto ezomisiwe futhi ngasikhathi sinye liyimpikiswano enkulu mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwetiye: leli akulona iqabunga lesitshalo setiye, ngakho-ke ngokusemthethweni akulona itiye futhi akulona ngisho ne-花茶 ngomqondo oqinile womkhondo wethu wokucwaninga.

Umngcele odlula kuphi: izigaba eziyisithupha, 再加工茶 kanye nezinto ezisemngceleni

Umqondo wohlelo lwesiShayina ulula: izigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo zetiye zihlukaniswa ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis, kanti i-花茶 huāchá ime ngokwehlukana — njenge-再加工茶 zài jiāgōng chá, “itiye elicutshungulwe kabusha”, isigaba sesikhombisa ngaphandle kweziyisithupha eziyisisekelo. Isimo esibalulekile lapha ukuba khona kwe-茶坯 chápī, isisekelo setiye. Ku-茉莉花茶 mòlì huāchá yakudala lesi sisekelo ngokuvamile yi-烘青绿茶 hōngqīng lǜchá (itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe eziko), kancane kancane — isisekelo esibomvu, i-oolong noma esimhlophe; imbali kulolu hlelo ayiphuzwa ngokwayo, imane nje idlulisela iphunga layo eqabungeni.

Kungakho kurejista yethu yezinhlobo eziyishumi eziyinhloko ze-花茶 indawo ye-菊花/菊普 imakwe ngophawu lokuxwayisa: i-菊花 júhuā ngokwayo akulona iqabunga letiye, kanti i-菊普 jú pǔ — lokhu sekuyinhlanganisela ye-chrysanthemum ne-普洱熟 pǔ’ěr shú. I-荷叶 ayifakwa nakancane kulolu hlu lwezinhlobo eziyishumi, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso elibalulekile, hhayi igebe: iqabunga le-lotus alibambi iqhaza ekuphungeni izimbali ngokwemodeli “imbali + 茶坯” futhi alakhi uhlobo oluzimele lwe-花茶 olusemthethweni. Indawo yalo iseduze nezinto eziphuzwayo ezenziwe ngezinto ezingezona ezetiye (igama lesiShayina elijwayelekile lazo yi-代用茶 dàiyòngchá, “izinto ezithatha indawo yetiye”), ezilungiswa futhi ziphakwe ngokomqondo wetiye, kodwa zihlukaniswa ngokwehlukile.

Ngokomhleli silokhu sikuqopha ngokushesha: kusukela lapha kuqhubeke sikhuluma ngezinto ezingavuthiwe nangokuphuzwayo, hhayi ngetiye, futhi konke okushiwo ngobuchwepheshe, ukunambitheka nokwenziwa kufundwa ngalokhu kulungiswa.

Indawo yokutshala: amanzi esikhundleni somthambeka

Uhlaka olujwayelekile lwetiye lwendawo yokutshala — ukuphakama, ukubheka komthambeka, inkungu, i-asidi yenhlabathi — alusebenzi kahle ku-lotus. I-lotus (莲 lián, iqabunga — 荷 hé) isitshalo sasemanzini samachibi, amadamu, izindawo eziphansi ezikhukhulayo kanye namadamu okwenziwa; “indawo” yaso amanzi amile noma agelezayo kancane kanye nodaka lwaphansi, hhayi ithala letiye. Ngokufanayo nesizini yehlukile: iqabunga livunwa ngokuvuleka nokuvuthwa kwengxenye yeqabunga, hhayi ngamahlumela nangezikhathi “zangaphambi kwe-Qingming”, okuzungezwe yikhalenda letiye eliluhlaza.

Umkhondo wethu wokucwaninga awuqophi isifunda sokukhiqiza esisemthethweni se-荷叶 ngendlela eqopha ngayo i-福州/横县/苏州/广西 nge-花茶 ye-jasmine, i-桂林/咸宁/苏州 nge-osmanthus noma i-平阴 (山东) nge-rose. Ngakho-ke asisho “isifunda esikhulu” seqabunga le-lotus: noma yikuphi ukukhomba okunjalo kungaba ukuqagela. Isiphetho esisebenzayo kumfundi siyefana nese-菊花: indawo eselebula le-荷叶 cishe ayikaze isebenze njengophawu lwekhwalithi — okusebenzayo isimo seqabunga, umbala walo nobumsulwa bokusikwa.

“Uhlobo”: kungani lapha kungekho 品种 ngomqondo wetiye

Ku-花茶 umqondo wohlobo uqinile futhi ubonakala kahle ezinhlotsheni ezisezingeni eliphezulu: i-茉莉龙珠, i-茉莉银针, i-茉莉大白毫 zenziwa ngezinto ezingamahlumela ezinoboya obuningi (高白毫), ngoba yileso sisekelo kuphela esinikeza kokubili ukwakheka “kweparele” noma inaliti, kanye nekhono lokubamba ukuphunga okuphindaphindiwe (多次窨). Ku-lotus akukho okunjalo okuqoshiwe emkhondweni wethu: ukuxhumana komhlwenga othile nekhwalithi yeqabunga elomisiwe asikubhali. Ukwethembeka kakhudlwana ukukhuluma ngezigaba zezinto ezingavuthiwe: iqabunga elincane noma elivuthiwe, ingxenye ephelele noma ukusikwa, ukuba khona kwezingcezu zamahlamvu ezinemiphumela kanye nokungcola kwangaphandle.

Ubuchwepheshe: ukumisa esikhundleni se-窨制

Lapha ukwehluka nge-花茶 kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kufanele kushiwo ngokuqondile.

I-花茶 yakhelwe ku-窨制 yìnzhì — ukuthintana kwezingqimba zetiye elomile nezinto eziphilayo zezimbali, lapho iqabunga limunca iphunga, ngemva kwalokho inqwaba yezimbali iyehlukaniswa. Ikhwalithi ilinganiswa ngenani lemijikelezo enjalo (ukuphindaphinda okuningi kwe-窨 ezinhlotsheni ezisezingeni eliphezulu) futhi ihlolwa ngesichazamazwi se-鲜灵浓醇 — “okusha, okuphilayo, okuqinile, okuthambile-okuminyene”. Kusuka lapha kuvela nefomula edumile “窨得茉莉无上味”.

I-荷叶 ayibambi iqhaza kulolu hlelo njengembali noma njengesisekelo. Ukucutshungulwa kwayo ukulungiswa kwezinto zokwenziwa zezitshalo: ukuhlanzwa, ukwahlukaniswa kwengxenye yeqabunga, ukubuna nokumiswa, bese kuba ukusikwa nokuhlungwa. Iphunga emkhiqizweni oqediwe — iphunga leqabunga elomisiwe ngokwalo, hhayi elibolekiwe; akukho “nenani le-窨” elikhona lapha, futhi izinkomba ezinjengokuthi “ukuphunga okuphindwe kasikhombisa” eqabungeni le-lotus kufanele zifundwe njengokukhangisa, hhayi njengopharamitha wobuchwepheshe.

Amazinga namalebula: yini okungashiwo

Umkhondo wethu awunayo inombolo yezinga le-荷叶, futhi asiyinikezi — i-GB/T eqanjiwe imbi kunaleyo engekho. Okungashiwo ngokweqiniso:

• i-荷叶 akulona elinye lezigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo zetiye futhi akulona i-花茶, ngoba ayinayo i-茶坯;
• umkhiqizo owenziwe ngeqabunga le-lotus elilodwa kufanele uchazwe njengokuphuzwa kwekhambi, hhayi “itiye”;
• ingxube yeqabunga le-lotus netiye langempela (ngokwakhiwa okufanayo nokuthi i-菊普 = chrysanthemum + 普洱熟) — lokhu kuyinhlanganisela: zombili izingxenye kufanele zibhalwe ohlwini lwezithako, futhi ingxenye yetiye yiyona enquma ukuthi ubani osuke ephuza ini enkomishini.

Ngokwehlukile: i-THE TEA ayixoxi futhi ayinikezi noma yiziphi izimangalo ngomthelela weqabunga le-lotus empilweni, emzimbeni noma ekusebenzeni komzimba. Ingxenye enkulu yokukhangisa kwe-荷叶 yakhelwe phezu kwezithembiso ezinjalo — ngohlaka lwethu lomhleli azisekelwa futhi aziphindwa.

Ukunambitheka nokwenziwa

Iphrofayili yezinzwa yeqabunga le-lotus elomisiwe ichazwa njengekhambi-elomile, nenothi yotshani obomile nokuhlaza okomisiwe, nombala opholile, onomunyu omncane futhi ongenawo umzimba oqinile. Ukuphuzwa ngokuvamile kukhanya, kuphuzi-kuluhlaza, kusondela kombala wotshani obomile; ukunambitheka kwangemva komlomo kufushane futhi kuhlanzekile. Okubalulekile ukuthi lapha akukho ukwakheka kwetiye okuvamile — inhlanganisela yokomela kwe-tannin, ubumnandi kanye “nokubuya” kwephunga emphinjeni, okuyikho okusekela amahle 花茶.

Izinkomba ezisebenzayo (isincomo somhleli, hhayi isidingo esijwayelekile):

• izinto ezingavuthiwe zinkulu futhi zixegayo, ngakho-ke umthamo uthathwa ngevolumu, hhayi “ngamacembe amabili”: ukusikwa okuncane kudedela ngokushesha futhi kuba munyu kalula;
• amanzi abilayo nokuphuzwa kokuqala okufushane; ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside kukhulisa kanye ukumunyu okunzima kweqabunga, hhayi umzimba;
• ezinhlanganiselweni netiye umqondo uhlukile: gcina i-lotus esilinganisweni esingaphansi, ngaphandle kwalokho imboza iphunga lesisekelo kanye nobumnandi baso. Ngokuhlanganiswa nesisekelo esimnyama, “esinodaka” (umqondo ofanayo nowe-菊普) ifundeka kangcono kunokuhlanganiswa netiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke.

Umlando namasiko

I-lotus emasikweni amaShayina indala kakhulu futhi inesisindo kakhulu kuneqabunga le-lotus eshalofini letiye. Lesi isithombe sobumsulwa obukhuphuka odakeni, uphawu lwezithombe ze-Buddha futhi esinye sezinto “ezihloniphekile” zezitshalo emidwebeni nasezinkondlweni. Ngokusebenziseka iqabunga le-lotus lingene ekuphekeni kwamaShayina njengokugoqa okunephunga lokupheka ngesitimu — i-荷叶饭 héyè fàn nezidlo zerayisi ezigoqwe eqabungeni zithola kulo iphunga elaziwayo eliluhlaza-elimnandi, futhi lokhu cishe kuyindlela ethembekile yokuqonda iphunga lalo.

Esemqoka eshalofini letiye okuhlukile: ngokungafani ne-珠兰花茶 nomugqa wayo omdala wase-徽州 noma i-花茶 ye-jasmine nomugqa wayo wase-Fuzhou no-Hengxian, i-荷叶 ayinawo umlando wayo we-花茶 oqoshiwe. Ifika eshalofini ivela kumujele wekhambi nokupheka, hhayi kumujele wetiye, futhi ngakho-ke kurejista yethu yezinhlobo eziyishumi ayikho nhlobo — isimo esiseduze kakhulu nayo yi-菊花/菊普, emakwe njengendawo esemngceleni, “eyomphakathi” (ifulegi C).

Indlela yokuhlukanisa

• Isimo seqabunga. Iqabunga le-lotus liyisihlangu: imithambo ikhula ngokwemisebe isuka endaweni yokunamathiselwa kwesiqu phakathi nendawo yengxenye, umphetho uphelele futhi ugobile. Lesi isibonakaliso esibonakalayo esithembekile: alikho iqabunga letiye elakhiwe ngale ndlela.
• Usayizi nombala. Izingcezu ezinkulu zombala ompunga-oluhlaza noma o-olive ophaphathekile, ngokuvamile zineqhwa eliluhlaza ohlangothini olungaphezulu; ziyaphuka, ziyakhefuzela. Izinto ezimnyama-kunsundu, ezinamabala, ezinothuli — uphawu lwezinto ezindala noma ezomiswe kabi.
• Lokhu akusilo. I-荷叶 — iqabunga, hhayi imbali: ungadidanisi namabanga e-荷花, ne-莲子心 (umnyombo wembewu omunyu) ne-莲蓬. Lezi yimikhiqizo ehlukene enokunambitheka okuhlukile.
• Ukufunda ilebula. “荷叶茶” ngaphandle kwengxenye yetiye ohlwini lwezithako — ukuphuzwa kwekhambi; “荷叶 + 普洱” nokunye okunjalo — inhlanganisela; “花茶” kuleli lebula akulungile, ngoba i-花茶 idinga i-茶坯 ne-窨制.
• Ukuhlola ngephunga. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile kufanele ziphumeze iphunga elihlanzekile lokuhlaza okomisiwe notshani obomile; iphunga lokukhunta, ukunuka okungalungile noma “igumbi elingaphansi elimanzi” — umonakalo, kungakhathaliseki intengo nokwakheka.

the teas described here are available from teamotea