Hónghú héyè chá

Hónghú Héyè Chá (Hónghú héyè chá, 洪湖荷叶茶) ndi “tii ya Hónghú yochokera ku tsamba la lotus”, chakumwa chochokera ku masamba a lotus a mzinda wa Hónghú (洪湖市) m’boma la Jīngzhōu m’chigawo cha Húběi. M’chakumwachi mulibe masamba a tii: ichi ndi choloweza mmalo mwa tii, chomwe chimakonzedwa monga tii: kukhazikitsa, kupotoza, kuumitsa. Hónghú amakhala ndi lotus, ndipo chomera chimodzi chokha chili ndi zizindikiro zinayi za malo: pa rhizome, njere, mphukira zazing’ono, ndi pa tsambali. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro chaulimi cha malo ndi chizindikiro cha certification kuyambira 2021, ndipo kuyambira 2025 monga product yokhala ndi geographical indication.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Choloweza mmalo mwa tii chochokera ku tsamba la lotus, osati tii ya Camellia sinensis. Zofunikira za chitetezo zimatcha product yomalizidwa “tsamba la tii” (成品茶叶), koma zopangira zake ndi tsamba la lotus lokha. Sizili m’magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tii.
• Gulu: Product yokhala ndi geographical indication; gawo la gulu la lotus la Hónghú pamodzi ndi 洪湖莲藕, 洪湖莲子 ndi 洪湖藕带.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北, Húběi), boma la Jīngzhōu (荆州, Jīngzhōu), mzinda wa Hónghú (洪湖, Hónghú).
• Malo otetezedwa: Mzinda wonse wa Hónghú: magawo 21 a township: mizinda iwiri, zone yachitukuko cha zachuma, matauni khumi ndi anayi, mzinda wa Laowān-Huí ndi madera atatu oyang’aniridwa (Dàtōnghú, Dàshāhú, Xiǎogǎng); midzi 49 ndi madera 9 a mzinda. Wopempha: Center for Lotus Industry Development ya Hónghú (洪湖莲藕事业发展中心).
• Malo a geographical coordinates: 113°07′–114°05′ E, 29°39′–30°02′ N.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Lotus pa nyanja. Malinga ndi nthano yomwe imanenedwa ndi bungwe la Xīnhuá, lotus ku Hónghú imalimidwa kuyambira pakati pa nthawi ya Yuán, pamene nyanja inatha kudzadza ndi matope.
  • Tii ya tsamba. Buku la MAIGOO, pomwe nkhaniyi idayikidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito wa tsambalo, likuti pa nthawi ya Qīng chakumwa cha tsamba la lotus chinali cha m’nyumba yachifumu, ndikuti mwambo wake udafika mpaka zaka za zana la 20, potengera “Hónghú City Chronicle” (《洪湖市志》); malo ena buku lomwelo limayambitsa mwambo ku Qín ndi Hàn. Palibe magwero oyambirira omwe apezeka, ndipo madeti onsewa sanatsimikizidwe.
  • Zaka za m’ma 1990. Malinga ndi buku lomwelo, ku Hónghú adakonza njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zakumaloko ndikusintha kupanga kokhazikika.
  • 2021. Kulembetsa chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographical indication (malinga ndi buku la MAIGOO mu April). M’chaka chomwecho, malinga ndi buku lomwelo mu December, chizindikiro cha certification ndi geographical indication No. 51600492 chinalembetsedwa, monga momwe zilili m’ndandanda wa Húběi Intellectual Property Office.
  • 2024. Chigawo chinakhazikitsa “Mfundo Zisanu ndi Ziwiri za Lotus” (藕七条), ndikukweza mtengo wa “洪湖莲藕” kukhala wa chigawo; pansi pa izi, Center for Lotus Industry Development idakhazikitsidwa ku Hónghú, yomwe idzakhale wopempha chitetezo.
  • 2025. Ndi declaration ya National Intellectual Property Administration No. 640 ya Julayi 16, 2025 (pa tsambalo August 13), chakumwachi chinavomerezedwa ngati product yokhala ndi geographical indication, mu gulu la zinthu 1409.
• Dzina: 洪湖 ndi nyanja ya Hónghú, yomwe inapereka dzina kwa mzinda; 荷叶 ndi tsamba la lotus; 茶 ndi tii.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi “Húběi Daily”, mu September 1991 lotus idasankhidwa kukhala duwa la mzinda, ndipo ku Hónghú adachita chikondwerero cha lotus. Dzina la nyanjayi limadziwika m’dziko lonse kudzera mu filimu “Red Guards pa Nyanja ya Hónghú” ndi nyimbo yochokera mmenemo; nyuzipepalayi imati izi ndizo maziko a kudziwika kwa mtundu wa lotus wakumaloko.

3. Kufotokoza za Botanical ndi Zopangira

• Chomera: Lotus (莲, lián; tsamba: 荷叶, héyè), chomera cha m’madzi cha nyanja ndi maiwe.
• Mitundu: Malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo, makamaka mitundu yachikhalidwe yakumaloko. Xīnhuá imatchula magulu anayi a lotus ku Hónghú: ya ufa wa rhizome (粉藕莲), ya crispy rhizome (脆藕莲), ya njere (子莲), ndi ya mphukira zazing’ono (藕带莲), mitundu yoposa khumi; yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsamba la tii sinatchulidwe m’magwero omwe apezeka.
• Zopangira: Tsamba latsopano. Buku la MAIGOO limatchula masamba athunthu a mainchesi 20-50, otengedwa koyambirira kwa chirimwe; mu malemba a chitetezo palibe ziwerengerozi.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

• Dera: Chigwa cha Jiānghàn kumwera kwa Húběi. Nyanja ya Hónghú, malinga ndi “Húběi Daily”, ndi nyanja yaikulu ya madzi abwino m’chigwachi; mzinda wonse uli ndi nyanja 102.
• Nyengo: Pafupifupi 30° N; nyengo yotentha yamvula ya monsoon: kuwala ndi mvula zambiri, chirimwe chotentha, nyengo yozizira yozizira, mvula makamaka m’chaka ndi chirimwe.
• Dothi ndi madzi: Xīnhuá imatcha nyanja malo ofunikira otetezedwa a wetlands, “impso za Húběi” (湖北之肾). Zotsalira za zomera za m’madzi zinapereka “dongo la buluu” lachonde (青泥巴), lolemera ndi organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, ndi potassium.
• Kukula: Malinga ndi “Húběi Daily” (2023), lotus ku Hónghú imakhala pafupifupi ma 220,000 mǔ; palibe deta ya dera lotengera masamba a tii.

5. Kupanga

Zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025 zimakhazikitsa ndondomekoyi:

1. Kutola (采摘).
2. Kutsuka (清洗).
3. Kudula (切片).
4. Kukhazikitsa mu microwave (微波杀青, wēibō shāqīng). Mu ukadaulo wa tii, siteji iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa ma enzymes a tsamba.
5. Kuzungulira katatu kopotoza ndi kuumitsa (3次揉捻及烘烤).
6. “Kukweza fungo” (提香, tíxiāng).

Zofunikira, monga kutentha, nthawi, chinyezi, sizinaperekedwe m’malemba a chitetezo. Buku la MAIGOO limatchula magawo khumi ndi awiri, koma limangotchula zisanu ndi chimodzi.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokoza kwachokera ku zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025.

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mizere (条索状) kapena granules (颗粒状), mtundu wa buluu-wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wopepuka (青绿色或浅绿色).
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Kununkhira kwatsopano kwa tsamba la lotus (荷叶特有的清香), popanda fungo lachilendo.
• Fungo la infusion: Fungo lokongola la lotus (荷香清雅).
• Kukoma: Koyera ndi kofewa (口感清醇).
• Mtundu wa infusion: Woyera ndi wowala (汤色清靓); mtundu wake sunatchulidwe m’malemba.
• Pansi pa tii (tsamba lophikidwa): Palibe kufotokoza m’magwero omwe apezeka.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Miyezo ya physicochemical ya chitetezo:

Chizindikiro	Mulingo
Zosungunuka m’madzi	osachepera 30.0 g pa 100 g
Ma amino acid aulere	osachepera 1.2 g pa 100 g
Flavonoids (黄酮)	osachepera 0.8 g pa 100 g
Chinyezi	osapitirira 6.00 g pa 100 g

Izi ndi malire, osati miyeso yeniyeni ya tii inayake.

8. Kupanga Mowa

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Palibe malangizo a chakumwa ichi omwe apezeka m’magwero; pansipa pali mchitidwe wamba wa tsamba louma lomwe limaphikidwa ngati tii.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: Pafupifupi 90-95 °C.
• Kuchuluka: 2-3 g pa 150-200 ml.
• Zida: Kapu yagalasi, gài wǎn, kapena teapot yaying’ono.
• Nthawi: Infusion yoyamba: mphindi 2-3; kenako kuthira kumodzi kapena kawiri.

9. Kusunga

Mchitichite wa gulu. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa, pamalo owuma, opanda kuwala, kutali ndi fungo. Mulingo wa chinyezi wa product ndi wotsika: osapitirira 6%, ndipo phukusi lotsegulidwa liyenera kutsekedwa bwino.

10. Mtengo ndi Zabodza

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe apezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication pafupi ndi dzina 洪湖荷叶茶; ufulu wake umaperekedwa kwa opanga m’derali pa pempho ku ofesi ya mzinda ya intellectual property, ndikuwunikidwa ndi chigawo.
  • Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa mzinda wa Hónghú.
  • Zopangira ndi tsamba la lotus, osati tsamba la tii.
  • Maonekedwe: mizere kapena granules za mtundu wa buluu-wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wopepuka ndi fungo la lotus.

11. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

• Chomera chimodzi: zizindikiro zinayi: rhizome (洪湖莲藕), njere (洪湖莲子), mphukira zazing’ono (洪湖藕带), ndi tsamba (洪湖荷叶茶). “Kējì Daily” (2026) imatchula izi ngati umboni waukulu wa mtengo wa mtundu.
• Tsamba la lotus silo “tii” lokha: “Jīngjì Daily” imalemba za product yatsopano ya Hónghú: khofi ndi tsamba la lotus.
• Mtengo wa mtundu wonse wa “洪湖莲藕” mu November 2025 unayesedwa kukhala 25.86 biliyoni yuan; cha tii ya tsamba chimangokhala gawo lochepa la chiwerengerochi.
• Mphamvu zopangira tii ya tsamba, malinga ndi “Húběi Daily” (2023), ndi 10 t pachaka, ndipo “Jīngjì Daily” (2025) imati Hónghú ali ndi 53% ya msika wadziko lonse wa tii imeneyi.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi “tii” zina zomwe sizili za tii

• Héyè, tsamba louma la lotus (荷叶): Nkhani yayikulu ya corpus yokhudza tsamba louma la lotus popanda malo; Hónghú Héyè Chá ndi product yeniyeni yotetezedwa ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kupotoza.
• Huángméi Héyè Chá (黄梅荷叶茶): Tii yachiwiri yotetezedwa ya tsamba la lotus ku Húběi, ya mzinda wa Huángméi, product yokhala ndi geographical indication kuyambira 2014.
• Guānshān Liánqiáo Chá (冠山连翘茶): Tsamba la forsythia lochokera ku Shānxī, lovomerezedwa ndi declaration yomweyo No. 640.
• Máoyán Méichá (茅岩莓茶): Mpesa wa Ampelopsis grossedentata wochokera ku Húnán, wa declaration yomweyo.

Pomaliza:

Hónghú Héyè Chá si tii, koma tsamba la lotus lochokera ku nyanja yaikulu ya chigwa cha Jiānghàn, lokonzedwa monga tii: kukhazikitsa kwa microwave, kuzungulira katatu kopotoza ndi kuumitsa, “kukweza fungo”. Zofunikira za chitetezo zimafotokoza bwino: mizere kapena granules, infusion yowala yofunda ndi fungo la lotus, miyezo ya ma amino acid ndi flavonoids, koma mbiri ya chakumwa mpaka zaka za m’ma 1990 imadalira pa malemba osatsimikizika.