héyè

Tsamba louma la lotus (荷叶 héyè) ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri mu gawo la “maluwa ndi zinthu zouma” ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndizotsutsana kwambiri pankhani ya gulu la tiyi: ili si tsamba la chomera cha tiyi, choncho mwamwambo si tiyi ndipo ngakhale si 花茶 m’lingaliro lokhazikika la kafukufuku wathu.

Kumene kuli malire: magulu asanu ndi limodzi, 再加工茶 ndi zinthu za “m’malire”

Malingaliro a dongosolo la Chitchaina ndi osavuta: magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira a tiyi amasiyanitsidwa ndi luso la kukonza tsamba la Camellia sinensis, ndipo 花茶 huāchá imayima padera, monga 再加工茶 zài jiāgōng chá, “tiyi wokonzedwanso”, gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri kunja kwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira. Chofunikira pano ndi kukhalapo kwa 茶坯 chápī, maziko a tiyi. Mu 茉莉花茶 mòlì huāchá yachikale, maziko amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala 烘青绿茶 hōngqīng lǜchá (tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa pa ng’anjo), kawirikawiri, maziko ofiira, a ulong kapena oyera; duwa mu kupanga koteroko silimwira lokha, limangopereka fungo lake ku tsamba.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake mu kaundula wathu wa mitundu khumi yayikulu ya 花茶, malo a 菊花/菊普 amalembedwa ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza: 菊花 júhuā palokha si tsamba la tiyi, ndipo 菊普 jú pǔ ndi kuphatikiza kwa chrysanthemum ndi 普洱熟 pǔ’ěr shú. 荷叶 salowa konse mu mndandanda wa mitundu khumi imeneyi, ndipo ichi ndi chowonadi chofunikira, osati choperewera: tsamba la lotus silikutenga nawo mbali mu kununkhitsa maluwa mwa chitsanzo cha “duwa + 茶坯” ndipo silipanga mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa 花茶. Malo ake ali pafupi ndi zakumwa zochokera ku zomera zomwe si za tiyi (mawu achitchaina onse a izi ndi 代用茶 dàiyòngchá, “zolowa m’malo mwa tiyi”), zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi kuperekedwa mwa malingaliro a tiyi, koma zimayikidwa m’gulu lapadera.

Mwachikonzedwe timalemba izi nthawi yomweyo: kuyambira pano tikulankhula za zopangira ndi zakumwa, osati za tiyi, ndipo zonse zomwe zanenedwa za luso, kukoma ndi kuwira zikuwerengedwa ndi kusintha kumeneku.

Malo: madzi m’malo mwa phiri

Malingaliro odziwika a terroir: kutalika, kuyang’ana kwa phiri, chifunga, acidity ya dothi, sagwira ntchito bwino kwa lotus. Lotus (莲 lián, tsamba ndi 荷 hé) ndi chomera cha m’madzi cha m’mayiwe, nyanja, zigwa zamadzi osefukira ndi m’madzi opangidwa ndi anthu; “gawo” lake ndi madzi oyima kapena oyenda pang’ono ndi matope apansi, osati mtunda wa tiyi. Momwemonso nyengo imasiyana: tsamba limatengedwa malinga ndi kutambasula ndi kukhwima kwa tsamba, osati malinga ndi mphukira ndi nthawi za “pamaso pa Qingming”, zomwe zimazungulira kalendala ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kafukufuku wathu sakupereka dera lovomerezeka la 荷叶 monga momwe amaperekera 福州/横县/苏州/广西 kwa 花茶 ya jasmine, 桂林/咸宁/苏州 kwa ya osmanthus kapena 平阴 (山东) kwa ya rozi. Chifukwa chake sititchula “dera lalikulu” la tsamba la lotus: kutchula kulikonse koteroko kungakhale kongoyerekeza. Mfundo yothandiza kwa owerenga ndi yofanana ndi ya 菊花: malo omwe ali pa paketi ya 荷叶 pafupifupi nthawi zonse sagwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha khalidwe, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi momwe tsamba lilili, mtundu wake ndi ukhondo wa kudula.

”Mtundu”: chifukwa chake kulibe 品种 m’lingaliro la tiyi

Kwa 花茶, malingaliro a mitundu ndi okhwima ndipo amawonekera bwino m’mitundu yapamwamba: 茉莉龙珠, 茉莉银针, 茉莉大白毫 amapangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira za mphukira zokhala ndi ubweya wambiri (高白毫), chifukwa maziko oterowo okha ndi omwe amapereka mawonekedwe a “ngale” kapena singano, komanso kuthekera kopirira kununkhitsa kambiri (多次窨). Kwa lotus, palibe chotere chomwe chalembedwa mu kafukufuku wathu: sitilemba kugwirizana kwa cultivar inayake ndi khalidwe la tsamba louma. Ndi koona kunena za magawo a zopangira: tsamba laling’ono kapena lokhwima, tsamba lathunthu kapena lodulidwa, kukhalapo kwa zidutswa za nthambi ndi zonyansa zina.

Luso: kuumitsa m’malo mwa 窨制

Pano kusiyana ndi 花茶 ndikokulirapo, ndipo kuyenera kunenedwa momveka.

花茶 imamangidwa pa 窨制 yìnzhì: kukhudzana kwa tiyi wouma ndi zopangira zamaluwa zamoyo, pamene tsamba limatenga fungo, kenako maluwawo amachotsedwa. Khalidwe limayesedwa ndi chiwerengero cha kuzungulira koteroko (窨 kambiri m’mitundu yapamwamba) ndipo limayesedwa ndi mawu 鲜灵浓醇: “watsopano, wamoyo, wokhuthala, wofewa-wolimba”. Kuchokera apa pali mawu otchuka “窨得茉莉无上味”.

荷叶 satenga nawo mbali mu ndondomeko iyi ngati duwa kapena ngati maziko. Kukonza kwake ndi kukonza zopangira za chomera: kuyeretsa, kugawa tsamba, kufowoketsa ndi kuumitsa, kenako kudula ndi kusankha. Fungo mu chinthu chomalizidwa ndi fungo la tsamba louma lokha, osati lobwereka; palibe “chiwerengero cha 窨” pano, ndipo zolemba monga “kununkhitsa kasanu ndi kawiri” pa tsamba la lotus ziyenera kuwerengedwa ngati malonda, osati ngati parameter ya luso.

Miyezo ndi zolemba: zomwe tinganene

Kafukufuku wathu alibe nambala ya muyezo wa 荷叶, ndipo sitiyipereka: GB/T yopeka ndi yoipa kuposa yomwe palibe. Zomwe tinganene mwachidziwitso:

• 荷叶 si gulu lililonse la magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira a tiyi ndipo si 花茶, chifukwa alibe 茶坯;
• chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera ku tsamba limodzi la lotus chimayenera kufotokozedwa ngati zakumwa za zitsamba, osati ngati “tiyi”;
• kuphatikiza kwa tsamba la lotus ndi tiyi weniweni (mofanana ndi 菊普 = chrysanthemum + 普洱熟) ndi kuphatikiza: zigawo zonse ziwiri ziyenera kulembedwa, ndipo gawo la tiyi ndilo limatsimikizira zomwe muli nazo mu kapu.

Padera: THE TEA sikambilana ndipo sipereka zilizonse zonena za mphamvu ya tsamba la lotus pa thanzi, kulemera kapena metabolism. Gawo lalikulu la malonda a 荷叶 amamangidwa pa malonjezo oterowo, ndipo mfundo zathu za mkonzi siziwathandiza ndipo sizimafalitsidwa.

Kukoma ndi kuwira

Mbiri ya kumva ya tsamba louma la lotus imafotokozedwa ngati zomera-zouma, ndi fungo la udzu ndi zobiriwira zouma pang’ono, ndi mtundu wozizira, wochuluka pang’ono wowawa komanso wopanda thupi lolimba. Zakumwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowala, zachikasu-zobiriwira, pafupi ndi mtundu wa udzu; kukoma kotsatira ndi kwaufupi komanso koyera. Chofunikira pano ndi chakuti kulibe kapangidwe ka tsamba la tiyi: kuphatikiza kwa tannin, kutsekemera ndi “kubwerera” kwa fungo pakhosi, zomwe zimapangitsa 花茶 zabwino.

Malangizo othandiza (malangizo a mkonzi, osati zofunikira za malamulo):

• zopangira ndizazikulu komanso zotayirira, choncho mlingo umatengedwa mwa kuchuluka, osati ndi “masupuni awiri”: kudula kochepa kumatulutsa mwamsanga ndipo kumawawa mosavuta;
• madzi otentha ndi kuwira koyamba kwaufupi; kuwira kwanthawi yayitali kumawonjezera kuwawa kokhuthala kwa tsamba, osati thupi;
• m’magulu ophatikiza ndi tiyi, malingaliro ndi osiyana: sungani lotus pagawo laling’ono, apo ayi imaphimba fungo la maziko ndi kutsekemera kwake. Pophatikiza ndi maziko akuda, “a dothi” (malingaliro omwewo monga 菊普) imamveka bwino kuposa ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosakhwima.

Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe

Lotus mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina ndi yakale kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri kuposa tsamba la lotus m’malo ogulitsa tiyi. Uwu ndi chithunzi cha chiyero chotuluka m’matope, chizindikiro cha zithunzi za Chibuda ndi chimodzi mwa zithunzi za zomera “zolemekezeka” mu zojambula ndi ndakatulo. Mwachitsanzo, tsamba la lotus linalowa mu zakudya za Chitchaina ngati chophimba chonunkhira pa kuphika ndi nthunzi: 荷叶饭 héyè fàn ndi zakudya za mpunga zokulungidwa m’tsamba zimatenga fungo lake lodziwika lobiriwira-lotsekemera, ndipo iyi mwina ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yomvetsera fungo lake.

Kwa mashelufu a tiyi, chofunikira n’chosiyana: mosiyana ndi 珠兰花茶 ndi mzere wake wakale wa 徽州 kapena 花茶 ya jasmine ndi mizere ya Fuzhou ndi Hengxian, 荷叶 alibe mwambo wake wolembedwa wa 花茶. Amabwera pamsika kuchokera ku zitsamba ndi zakudya, osati kuchokera ku tiyi, ndipo chifukwa chake salibe konse mu kaundula wathu wa mitundu khumi, malo apafupi kwambiri ndi 菊花/菊普, omwe amalembedwa ngati malo a m’malire, a “anthu” (mbendera C).

Momwe mungasiyanitsire

• Kapangidwe ka tsamba. Tsamba la lotus ndi la mawonekedwe a chishango: mitsempha imayenda mozungulira kuchokera pa malo omwe nthambi imamangiriridwa pakati pa tsamba, m’mphepete mwake ndi mtheradi komanso wopindika. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chodalirika kwambiri chowoneka: palibe tsamba la tiyi lomwe limapangidwa choncho.
• Kukula ndi mtundu. Zidutswa zazikulu za mtundu wa imvi-zobiriwira kapena wa maolivi wofowoka, nthawi zambiri ndi phulusa la buluu kumtunda; zosweka, zochita phokoso. Zakuda-bulauni, zamawanga, zafumbi ndi chizindikiro cha zopangira zakale kapena zosauka bwino.
• Zomwe sizili izi. 荷叶 ndi tsamba, osati duwa: musasokoneze ndi masamba a 荷花, ndi 莲子心 (moyo wowawa wa mbewu) ndi 莲蓬. Awa ndi zinthu zosiyana ndi kukoma kosiyana.
• Kuwerenga zolemba. “荷叶茶” popanda gawo la tiyi m’zigawo zake ndi zakumwa za zitsamba; “荷叶 + 普洱” ndi zina zotero ndi kuphatikiza; “花茶” pa paketi yotere ndi zolakwika, chifukwa 花茶 imafuna 茶坯 ndi 窨制.
• Kuyesa ndi fungo. Zopangira zouma ziyenera kununkhira zobiriwira zouma ndi udzu; fungo la nkhungu, kununkha kofowoka kapena “chipinda chapansi chonyowa” ndi cholakwika, mosasamala mtengo ndi mapangidwe.

the teas described here are available from teamotea