Dàyáoshān tiánchá

I-Dayaoshan Tiancha (Dàyáoshān tiánchá, 大瑶山甜茶) — “itiye elimnandi lezintaba zaseDayaoshan”, umkhiqizo waseJinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀瑶族自治县) esifundeni sedolobha iLaibin eGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Lokhu akulona iqabunga lesihlahla setiye Camellia sinensis, kodwa amaqabunga esihlahla esinambitheka kamnandi; amaYao esifunda, ngokwezincazelo, asebelokhu ewasebenzisa amakhulu eminyaka njengesinongo esimnandi semvelo kanye nomkhiqizo wokudla, kanti izakhamuzi uqobo lwazo ziwubiza ngokuthi “itiye elinameva” (刺儿茶, cì’er chá). Umkhiqizo uvikwa njengomkhiqizo onesikhombo sezindawo: ngoJulayi 2024, iNational Intellectual Property Administration yavumela ibhizinisi lesifunda ukuba lisebenzise uphawu olukhethekile. Imibhalo ngesitshalo ngokwaso, indawo kanye nobuchwepheshe ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele, ngakho isihloko sifushane kunokwejwayelekile.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akulona itiye ngomqondo webhotani futhi akulona nelilodwa ezigabeni eziyisithupha zetiye laseChina. Izincazelo zibiza umkhiqizo ngokuthi “天然的甜味料与食品” — isinongo esimnandi semvelo kanye nomkhiqizo wokudla.
Isigaba: Ukukhishwa okungaveli esitshalweni setiye; umkhiqizo onesikhombo sezindawo.
Imvelaphi: IChina, iGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, Guǎngxī), isifunda sedolobha iLaibin (来宾, Láibīn), iJinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀, Jīnxiù); izintaba zeDayaoshan (大瑶山, Dàyáoshān) — lokhu kuyindawo yesifunda uqobo.
Indawo evikelwe: Uhlu lwezindawo namakhodinethi alutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Indawo yomunye umkhiqizo ovikelwe wesifunda esifanayo, itiye elibomvu iJinxiu Hongcha, akufanele idluliselwe etiyeni elimnandi.
Isimo sokuvikelwa: Kuqinisekiswe ngesaziso seNational Intellectual Property Administration No. 593 sango-18 Julayi 2024 mayelana nokuvunyelwa kwamabhizinisi ukusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile. Inombolo nosuku lwesinqumo sokuqala sokuvikelwa akutholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Isiko lamaYao. Ngokweshicilelo seChina Daily kanye nebhulogi eSina, amaYao asebenzisa itiye elimnandi njengesinongo esimnandi semvelo kanye nomkhiqizo wokudla “amakhulu eminyaka”. Ubufakazi obubhaliwe nezinsuku abukho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ucwaningo lwesayensi. IGuangxi Institute of Botany kanye neSibhedlela se-181 sePeople’s Liberation Army bacwaninga itiye elimnandi lasendle laseJinxiu; incazelo eyinkomba ithi umsebenzi wenziwa phakathi kuka-1978–1981. Umphumela kuthiwa wukutholwa kwento emnandi ethi “甜茶素” ngamaphesenti angu-6–7.
- 1980. Ngokwebhulogi eSina, ngalo nyaka izazi zaseJapan zezinto ezimnandi zeza eGuangxi ukuyocwaninga itiye elimnandi.
- 2024. INational Intellectual Property Administration ngesaziso No. 593 (18 Julayi 2024) yavumela ukusetshenziswa kophawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onesikhombo sezindawo kumabhizinisi angama-54 emikhiqizweni engama-27, kubandakanya nebhizinisi elilodwa lesifunda saseJinxiu ngokuthi “大瑶山甜茶”.
Igama: “Dayaoshan” (大瑶山) — “Izintaba ezinkulu zamaYao”, igama lezintaba kanye nesifunda; “tiancha” (甜茶) — “itiye elimnandi”. Igama lendawo elithi “itiye elinameva” (刺儿茶) licashunwe yiChina Daily.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Imithombo ichaza itiye elimnandi ngokuyinhloko njengesinongo esimnandi semvelo nokudla kwamaYao asezintabeni. Ibhulogi eSina ithi itiye elimnandi laziwa eJapan, eYurophu, e-USA naseMpumalanga Ephakathi; umthombo walesi sitatimende awusho.

3. Incazelo Yebhotani Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Isitshalo: Igama lesiLatini lezinhlobo alinikezwa yiwo wonke umthombo osemthethweni noma wesayensi otholakele ngeDayaoshan Tiancha. Ikhasi lomthengisi waseJinxiu lihlobanisa umkhiqizo no “甜茶叶悬钩子” womndeni weRosaceae, okungukuthi nesihlahla sohlobo lwamajikijolo (Rubus). Isizinda sezitshalo saseChina sibiza isitshalo ngokuthi “甜茶” — Rubus chingii var. suavissimus (igama langaphambili Rubus suavissimus). Izimpawu ezivela ezincazelweni ezingezansi aziphikisani nalokhu, kodwa ukuhlonza akufakazelwanga ngombhalo.
Isimo ngokwezincazelo: Sikhula njengesihlahla, umqhele umncane, sinamahlumela amaningi aqondile (incazelo yezohwebo). Ngokwencazelo eyinkomba, siqhakaza ikakhulukazi ngoMashi–Ephreli, izithelo zivuthwa ngoJuni, zinombala osawolintshi-obomvu noma obomvu futhi zimnandi.
Umjikelezo wonyaka: Amahlumela amasha avela ngoFebhuwari–Mashi, lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaphezu kuka-13 °C. NgoJulayi ukukhula phezulu kuyama, amaqabunga asesunguliwe, bese kuqala isikhathi sokuqongelela izakhi nokuguqulwa koshukela. NgoNovemba kuvela imiqumbe yasebusika; ngokwencazelo eyinkomba, amaqabunga aphuzi bese ewa, isitshalo singena ekuphumuleni.
Ukuvuselelwa kusuka empandeni: Ngokwencazelo eyinkomba, amahlumela angaphezulu komhlaba aphila iminyaka emi-2–3, kanti isitshalo siyazivuselela ngempande ehlala iminyaka eminingi, ngakho ukutshala kuthela isivuno iminyaka eminingi ngokwako.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: UJulayi — “isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvuna”, ngokwebhulogi eSina: amaqabunga asesunguliwe futhi aqongelela ushukela.
Izinhlobo: Ngomqondo wetiye azikho; azikho izinhlobo ezikhethiwe eziqanjwe emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zeDayaoshan enkabeni yeGuangxi, iJinxiu Yao Autonomous County.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Ngaphezu kwama-800 m — ngokwencazelo yebhulogi eSina.
Izimo: Umthombo ofanayo ubhala ngomoya ohlanzekile kude nezimboni nangokutshala kuphela ngomquba wemvelo, ngaphandle komanyolo wamaminerali nezibulala-zinambuzane. Lawa ngamazwi ombhalo wokukhangisa, hhayi umphumela wokuhlola.
Isimo sezulu nenhlabathi: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe zicutshungulwa kanjani akuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele: azikho izigaba, azikho izindlela zokomisa, azikho izinhlobo zomkhiqizo oqediwe. Kwaziwa kuphela isikhathi sokuvuna — uJulayi — kanye nokuthi kuthengiswa iqabunga elomile: izincazelo zohwebo zinikeza ukwakheka “komkhiqizo owomile”. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba setiye alunakusetshenziswa kulesi sitshalo, ngakho alukho lapha.

6. Izici Zokunambitha

Azikho izincazelo zokunambitha zochwepheshe emithonjeni etholakele. Zonke izincazelo zivumelana entweni eyodwa — ubumnandi.

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokukhishwa: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi. Ibhulogi eSina ibhala ngobumnandi obuphezulu namakhalori aphansi (高甜度、低热值) futhi ibiza ukunambitheka ngokuthi “清甜爽口” — okuhlanzekile okumnandi nokuqabulayo.
Umbala wokukhishwa: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Igqabi elichithiwe (iqabunga elithe xa): Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Into eyinhloko ekhulunywa yiwo wonke umthombo — i-glycoside emnandi ethi “甜茶素” (ebhulogini — “甜茶糖甙”). Ngokweshicilelo seChina Daily kanye nencazelo yocwaningo lweGuangxi Institute of Botany, itholakala eqabungeni ngamaphesenti angu-6–7. Ikhasi lohwebo lithi ama-5% futhi lithi akukho caffeine emkhiqizweni; imininingwane yalo mayelana nama-flavonoids, ama-amino acid nezinto ezincane ayizange ihlolwe ngokuzimele futhi ayiphindwa lapha.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Akukho mininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walo mkhiqizo ngokwawo. Imibhalo yezokuvakasha neyohwebo ibala uhlu olude lwemiphumela yokwelapha — i-encyclopedia ayikuqinisekisi.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Azikho izindlela zeDayaoshan Tiancha emithonjeni etholakele; ngezansi kunezindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhishwa kwezitshalo ezomile.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C.
Inani: 2–3 g nge-150–200 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi, igaiwan noma itepoti le-porcelain.
Inqubo: Fudumeza izitsha, thela amanzi eqabungeni, ukukhishwa kokuqala — imizuzu emi-3–5, bese kuphindwa ukuthelwa.

10. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Iqabunga elomile — ephaketheni eliminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Akukho mininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Funani uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onesikhombo sezindawo. Ngokwesaziso No. 593, ilungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu ngokuthi “大瑶山甜茶” litholwe yinkampani i广西金秀瑶族自治县林海茶业有限公司.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizo uvela esifundeni saseJinxiu.
- Ungawudidanisi namanye “amatiye amnandi”. EChina lokhu kubiza izitshalo ezahlukahlukene eziningana; isibonelo, “itiye elimnandi” laseHunan iXupu Yaocha lenziwa ngamaqabunga esihlahla esihlala siluhlaza sika木姜叶柯 womndeni weFagaceae, kanti isitshalo saseDayaoshan, ngokwezincazelo, amaqabunga ayo ayawa ebusika.
- Ungawudidanisi neJinxiu Hongcha — itiye elibomvu langempela elivela esihlahleni setiye sesifunda esifanayo, elinendawo yalo evikelwe.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Isifunda esisodwa sinamatiye amabili avikelwe: iJinxiu Hongcha evela esihlahleni setiye kanye neDayaoshan Tiancha, okungelona itiye ngomqondo webhotani.
Ngokungafani nesihlahla setiye esihlala siluhlaza, isitshalo setiye elimnandi, ngokwezincazelo, siwisa amaqabunga ebusika futhi sithela izithelo ezibomvu ezimnandi.
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvuna akusona sentwasahlobo, njengasetiyeni, kodwa uJulayi, lapho ushukela uqongelela eqabungeni.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa nokunye ukukhishwa okungaveli esihlahleni setiye

IXupu Yaocha (溆浦瑶茶): Nalo “itiye elimnandi” futhi liwumkhiqizo onesikhombo sezindawo, kodwa lisuka emaqabungeni esihlahla esihlala siluhlaza somndeni weFagaceae; licutshungulwa ngohlelo olufana netiye eliluhlaza.
ILaifeng Tengcha (来凤藤茶): Ukukhishwa okuvikelwe okuvela emvinini womndeni weVitaceae waseHubei; ubumnandi balo buza ngemuva kokunambitheka kokubaba okuncane.
IKuding (苦丁茶): Ukukhishwa okuvela emaqabungeni ezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza — okuphikisana nokubaba kwetiye elimnandi.
IJinxiu Hongcha (金秀红茶): Ukuze kuqhathaniswe — itiye elibomvu langempela lesifunda esifanayo.

Ekuphetheni:

IDayaoshan Tiancha — ukukhishwa okumnandi kwamaYao asezintabeni zeDayaoshan, okuvikelwe njengomkhiqizo onesikhombo sezindawo futhi okwaziwa kakhulu njengesinongo esimnandi semvelo kunokuba isiphuzo sokunambitha. Okwaziwayo ngayo ngokuthembeka kuncane: ubumnandi, ukuvunwa kukaJulayi, isitshalo esiwisa amaqabunga esizivuselela kusuka empandeni, kanye nento emnandi engamaphesenti angu-6–7 ngokocwaningo lwakudala. Izinhlobo zesitshalo, indawo evikelwe nobuchwepheshe kusalindele umthombo wokuqala.