yánggānjú

I-Romanchamomile akulona itiye: emanzini ayo agxiliwe akukho nelilodwa iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis, futhi ngokohlelo lwesiShayina luhlala ngaphandle kwezigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo futhi nangaphandle kwe-再加工茶 (zàijiāgōng chá, amatiye agaywe kabusha). Sihlaziya ukuthi kungani i-洋甘菊 ihlala esigabeni sezimbali nezinto ezomile, ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nama-花茶 angempela, nokuthi umngcele uphakathi kuka-«itiye elinembali» kanye «nokugxilwa kwembali».

Kusho ukuthini igama ngokwalo

Uhlamvu lwesiShayina 洋甘菊 luhlukaniswa ngokuqondile: 洋 — «olwandle, owangaphandle», 甘 — «oshukela», 菊 — «i-chrysanthemum, imbali eyinkimbinkimbi». Okusho ukuthi «i-chrysanthemum yangaphandle emnandi» — igama elakhiwe ngokuphambene nembali yendawo, egxile kakhulu emasikweni esiShayina i-菊花 (júhuā, i-chrysanthemum). Isakhiwo segama ngokwalo siveza isimo: lesi yisigaba esingenisiwe esangena ohlelweni lwezimbali zesiShayina ngomzila ohlukile kune-茉莉 (mòlì, i-jasmine), i-桂花 (guìhuā, i-osmanthus) noma i-玫瑰 (méiguī, i-rose).

Ukuqhathaniswa ne-菊花 lapha akukona ukuzenzekela. Ohlelweni lwama-花茶 i-chrysanthemum iphawulwa njengesimo esisemngceleni ngesexwayiso esisobala: i-菊花 ngokwayo — akulona iqabunga letiye. Okufanayo ncamashi, kodwa ngezinga elikhulu, kuyiqiniso nge-洋甘菊: i-chrysanthemum okungenani inendlela ehlanganisiwe ezinzile ye-菊普 (júpǔ) — ingxube ne-普洱熟茶, kanti i-romanchamomile ohlelweni lwetiye lwesiShayina ayinayo eyayo i-窨制 (yìnzhì, inqubo yokwenza iphunga) emisiwe, futhi ayinayo indlela yakudala yokuxuba.

Kungani lokhu akulona i-花茶

Ukuze uqonde indawo ye-romanchamomile, kudingeka uchaze ngokunembile ukuthi iyini i-花茶. Lena yi-subclass ye-再加工茶 — isigaba sesikhombisa, esime ngaphandle kweziyisithupha eziyisisekelo (oluhlaza, omhlophe, ophuzi, u-oolong, obomvu, omnyama). Isici esibalulekile: i-花茶 — itiye, kanti imbali imane nje ibe umthwali wephunga.

Ngokobuchwepheshe uhlelo lubukeka kanje:

• kuthathwa i-茶坯 (chápēi) — isisekelo setiye, ngokuvamile i-烘青绿茶 (hōngqīng lǜchá), itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe ngomoya oshisayo, kancane kancane i-红茶, i-乌龙 noma i-白茶;
• imbali ephilayo ibekwa ngezingqimba nalolu 茶坯 futhi phakathi nenqubo ye-窨制 inikela ngezinto eziguquguqukayo eqabungeni letiye;
• imbali esetshenzisiwe, ngokuvamile, iyasuswa (kuma-jasmine asezingeni eliphezulu — cishe ngokuphelele);
• enkomishini kuhlala iqabunga letiye elithwala iphunga lembali.

Kusukela lapha kuvela isisho nge-jasmine — «窨得茉莉无上味» (yìn dé mòlì wú shàng wèi). Iphrofayili yaleli tiye ichazwa ngefomula ethi 鲜灵浓醇 (xiān líng nóng chún) — okusha, «okunomoya», okugcwele, okulinganayo.

I-Romanchamomile ayingeni kulolu hlelo. Ayisetshenziswa njenge-窨花 kuma-花茶 akudala esiShayina: ohlwini lwezinhlobo eziphunga ngokubalulekile embonini kukhona i-茉莉 (izinhlobo ezinamacembe amabili noma amabili), i-桂花 (金桂/银桂/丹桂), i-玫瑰 (重瓣红玫瑰, 平阴), i-白兰花 (báilánhuā, i-magnolia, e-Guangzhou), i-珠兰花 (zhūlánhuā, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-金粟兰, i-chloranthus; eyomlando i-歙县 e-徽州), i-玳玳花 (dàidàihuā, iwolintshi elibabayo, isifunda sase-江浙 — i-Jiangsu ne-Zhejiang), i-柚子花 (yòuzihuā, imbali ye-pomelo, i-Fujian ne-Guangdong). I-Romanchamomile ayingeni kunoma yimuphi walemigingcele yokukhiqiza. Ngokufanele, enkomishini ye-romanchamomile asikho isisekelo setiye nhlobo: lokhu ukugxilwa kwembali eyodwa, hhayi itiye elinephunga.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamagama

Ukuze i-encyclopedia ibalulekile ukuqopha amazinga amathathu ukuze kungahlanganiswa okungahlangani:

1. 花茶 (angempela) — iqabunga letiye elinephunga lembali ephilayo nge-窨制. Izibonelo: 茉莉花茶, 桂花乌龙, 玫瑰红茶, 白兰花茶, 珠兰花茶, 玳玳花茶. Lena i-再加工茶.
2. Izinhlobo ezisemngceleni — lapho imbali ibusa ngokomzimba, kanti isisekelo setiye siyingxube noma asikho. Isibonelo: 菊花茶 kanye ne-菊普 (菊花 + 普洱熟). Lapha kudingeka isexwayiso.
3. Ukugxilwa kwezimbali ngaphandle kwetiye — i-洋甘菊 nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Asikho isisekelo setiye, ayikho i-窨制, asikho isigaba ohlelweni lwetiye lwesiShayina.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhulunywe nge-工艺花茶 / 开花茶 (gōngyì huāchá / kāihuā chá) — izingxube «eziqhakazayo» ezivela e-黄山 nase-金华: ukubopha ngesandla (手工捆扎) kusuka kumahlumela aluhlaza awodwa (单芽) nezimbali ezomile, okuqhakaza engilazini. Lesi yisigaba sokuhlobisa, futhi yikhona lapho izimbali ezomile zivame ukuba eduze kweqabunga letiye ngomshini, ngaphandle kwe-窨制. Ngokusemthethweni i-工艺花茶 — isikhundla semakethe, hhayi esejwayelekile, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo kuqala ngokubuka. Uma uthola «i-romanchamomile netiye eliluhlaza» ngesimo sebhola noma isixha — lokhu kungumqondo we-工艺花茶, hhayi umqondo we-茉莉花茶.

Ngamazinga

Lapha kudingeka ukwethembeka: ngaphakathi kwesisekelo semithombo nge-花茶 i-洋甘菊 ayinayo inombolo ye-GB/T eqoshiwe, futhi ukuyisungula akwamukelekile. Ingxenye esemthethweni yohlelo ichaza imikhiqizo yetiye, futhi phakathi kwama-花茶 isimo esisemthethweni siqoshwe kuqala nge-茉莉花茶 njengesigaba somkhiqizo esihlukile. I-Romanchamomile njengento eyodwa ayingeni kulomqondo womkhiqizo: ayinayo i-茶坯, ayinayo i-窨次 (inani lemijikelezo yokwenza iphunga), ayinayo isikali sokuhlukanisa ngokwezinga esakhiwe ekuqhathaniseni kwahlumela neqabunga.

Isiphetho esisebenzayo: noma yimuphi umdayisi okhuluma nge-«GOST/GB ngetiye le-romanchamomile» ngaphakathi kohlaka lwetiye lwesiShayina, akakhulumi ngemithetho yetiye yaseShayina. Ukuhlolwa kwe-romanchamomile kwenziwa ngesikali semithi, hhayi ngesetiye — ubuqotho bezimbali, ukungabikho kwemfucumfucu ephukile, ukuhlanzeka kombala, ukusha kwephunga.

Ukugxilwa nokuhambisana

Ukugxilwa kwe-洋甘菊 akunabo ubukrakra betiye, ngoba alikho iqabunga letiye, futhi akukho lowo «mzimba» wesakhiwo onikezwa yi-茶坯. Lokhu kushintsha ngokuyisisekelo indlela yokugxilwa.

Ukuqhathanisa: ama-花茶 aseShayina agxilwa ngemithetho yetiye, ngoba enkomishini kusebenza iqabunga letiye. Izinhlobo eziphezulu ezifana ne-茉莉龙珠 (mòlì lóngzhū, «amaparele e-jasmine»), i-茉莉银针 noma i-茉莉大白毫 zenziwe ngesisekelo samahlumela anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-白毫 (izifunda zase-福州 nase-横县) futhi zidlula ku-窨 okuningi — ngakho zisabela ekushiseni nasesikhathini njenge- green tea, futhi ukweqa isikhathi kuletha ubukrakra.

I-Romanchamomile iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, futhi indlela esebenzayo kuyo ingeyemithi:

• amanzi ashisayo, acishe abile: izimbali zimahhadla kunehlumela letiye futhi zidinga amandla okukhipha;
• imizuzu embalwa yokugxilwa engilazini noma ku-porcelain, kungcono ngesitsha esikhanyayo — ukuvuleka kwezimbali lapha kuyingxenye yobuhle;
• ukuthululwa kanye noma kabili; ukuphinda kaningi ngendlela ye-gongfu, njenge-oolong, akunangqondo.

Uma ufuna isakhiwo setiye — kunengqondo ukuthatha i-花茶 yangempela: i-桂花乌龙 enephunga elimnandi le-apricot noma i-玫瑰红茶 ngesisekelo se-红茶 enephrofayili yezimbali nemnandi. Zizonikeza kokubili ubumbali nomzimba wetiye.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani futhi ungalokothi ukhohliswe

Ukuhlola okuthathu okusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuhlola ngeqabunga. Hlukanisa itiye elomile. Uma linezimbali kuphela futhi lingenalo iqabunga letiye elisongekile — lokhu ukugxilwa kwembali, hhayi i-花茶. Uma iqabunga likhona, bheka ukuthi imbali ilele ngokwehlukene (ingxube yomshini) noma iqabunga lomile futhi lihlanzekile, kanti iphunga livela kulo ngokwalo (uphawu lwe-窨制 yangempela — ku-茉莉花茶 enhle imbali icishe ingabikho).

Ukuhlola ngamagama. Kuma-花茶 aseShayina amagama akhiwa ngohlelo «imbali + isisekelo» noma «imbali + isimo»: 桂花乌龙, 玫瑰红茶, 茉莉龙珠. Uma egameni kuvela imbali kuphela futhi kungenasisekelo — cishe, asikho isisekelo.

Ukuhlola ngendawo. Ama-花茶 angempela anokuxhumana okuqinile kwendawo yokukhiqiza: 茉莉花茶 — 福州, 横县 (e-Guangxi), 苏州; 桂花茶 — 桂林, 咸宁, 苏州; 玫瑰花茶 — 平阴 e-山东 nase-Guangdong; 白兰花茶 — 广州 ne-苏州; 珠兰花茶 — 歙县 e-徽州 yomlando nase-福州. I-Romanchamomile ayixhumene nalawa maqhuzu etiye, futhi izimangalo nge-«itiye le-romanchamomile lendabuko yase-Fuzhou» ziphikisana nesakhiwo somkhakha.

Isiphetho

I-洋甘菊 — isikhundla esifanele esigabeni «izimbali nezinto ezomile» futhi isikhundla esingafanele esigabeni se-花茶. Indawo yayo ayinqunyelwa yizinga lezinto, kodwa ukungabikho kweqabunga letiye: lapho kungekho i-茶坯 futhi kungekho i-窨制, akukho ne-再加工茶. Ukuqonda lomngcele — yinhlanzeko eyisisekelo yesichazamazwi setiye: kukuvumela ukwazisa i-romanchamomile ngalokho eyikho, ngaphandle kokuyinika uhlu lozalo lwetiye, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubone ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuthi yini ubuciko be-花茶 yaseShayina — ekhonweni lokufaka iphunga lembali ephilayo eqabungeni letiye ngendlela yokuthi imbali ingasuswa.

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