Sīnán yànchá

Isinan Yancha (Sīnán yànchá, 思南晏茶) yigama eliyisambulela letiye lesifunda saseSinan (思南县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha iTongren enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseGuizhou, ezintabeni zaseWuling emfuleni iWujiang. Leli gama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo: ngokwethebula elihlanganisiwe lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani yaseGuizhou, lamukelwa zingama-28 kuMfumfu 2018, umfakisicelo wumnyango wesifunda wezetiye nokufuywa kukasilika. Igama alilisho ikilasi, futhi umbiko kahulumeni waseTongren wango-2023 uhlukanisa ngokuqondile itiye lalolu phawu ngezigaba ezintathu — “elimhlophe,” eliluhlaza kanye nelibomvu. Ukuthi usho ukuthini uhlamvu 晏 (yàn) egameni, imithombo etholakele ayikuchazi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Awekho ikilasi elilodwa. Ngokombiko kahulumeni waseTongren, owashicilelwa kabusha yinkundla ye-”Renmin Wang” ngoNdasa 2023, itiye elingaphansi kwalolu phawu lihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: 白茶, 绿茶 kanye ne红茶. Ukuthi yini emele “白茶” — ingabe itiye elimhlophe ngokobuchwepheshe noma itiye eliluhlaza elivela enhlotsheni yamaqabunga akhanyayo, — akushiwongo embikweni. Isisekelo sedatha sezimpawu zezindawo sichaza ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngefomula yetiye eliluhlaza (isigaba 6), kodwa asisho ikilasi futhi asicacisi ukuthi incazelo ihambelana nasiphi isigaba kwezintathu. Engxenyeni eluhlaza kukhona indinganiso yeqembu T/GGI 026-2018 «思南晏茶 绿茶» yeGuizhou Society for the Study of Geographical Indications (贵州省地理标志研究会), eyashicilelwa ziyi-16 kuNcwaba 2018; ngokwesifinyezo sayo, isebenza etiyeni eliluhlaza ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Umbhalo wendinganiso angiwubonanga.
• Isigaba: Uphawu lomphakathi lwesifunda (公共品牌, gōnggòng pǐnpái) kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (地理证明商标, dìlǐ zhèngmíng shāngbiāo), 2018.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), umasipala wedolobha iTongren (铜仁, Tóngrén), isifunda saseSinan (思南, Sīnán).
• Indawo yophawu: Ngokwesisekelo sedatha — yonke indawo yokuphatha yamanje yesifunda (思南县现辖行政区域内). Irejista ikhombisa isifunda njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu; umbhalo wesitifiketi angiwubonanga futhi umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuqinisekisanga.
• Izixhumanisi zezindawo: Isikhungo sesifunda — cishe u-27°57′ N no-108°15′ E. Ububanzi besifunda bungu-2231 km². Zombili izibalo — ngokwe-Wikipedia.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Amarekhodi amadala. Umlando obhaliwe waleli tiye ngqo awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
  • 2018 — uphawu. Ethebuleni elihlanganisiwe lezimpawu zokuhweba zezindawo zesifundazwe, elinamathiselwe esazisweni sokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani yaseGuizhou sangomhla zingama-22 kuNcwaba 2022 (mayelana nezikhumbuzo zabanikazi bophawu zokuvuselela), “思南晏茶” lisohlwini lwesifunda saseTongren: umfakisicelo — 思南县茶桑局, usuku lokwamukelwa — 28 kuMfumfu 2018. Isisekelo sedatha sezimpawu zezindawo sinikeza inombolo yokubhalisa engu-23890216. Isaziso ngisifunde kushicilelo olwenziwe kabusha lwenkundla yasePanzhou mhla zingama-25 kuNcwaba 2022.
  • 2023 — uphawu. Ngokombiko kahulumeni waseTongren, isifunda siqoqa amandla ezinhlangothi ezahlukene ngaphansi kophawu lomphakathi “思南晏茶”; uphawu lwaboniswa embukisweni we-V weChina wetiye (第五届中国茶叶博览会) kanye nasembukisweni we-13 wemboni yetiye yaseGuizhou. Kuyashiwo futhi ukuthi eSinan kwafika iqembu laseBrithani iSwire (太古) kanye ne-Unilever (联合利华), kanti itiye lendawo liya ngqo noma ngabalamuli eYurophu, eMelika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
  • 2024. Uhulumeni waseTongren ngoNhlolanja 2024 ubiza “思南晏茶” njengophawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi sezindawo, okuyilo isifunda esiqhubeka nokulithuthukisa, futhi ubika ukuthi eSinan kwakhiwe ingadi yetiye “ehlakaniphile” yokuqala esifundazweni kwinethiwekhi ye-5G.
• Igama: 思南 — igama lesifunda. Ngokwe-Wikipedia, ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaMing lapha kwakukhona isikhungo sesifunda saseSinan (思南府), kanti isifunda ngaphansi kwegama laso lamanje sikhona kusukela ngo-1913. 晏 — ngokwesichazamazwi, “sekwephuzile,” “kucacile, akunamafu,” “kuthule, kunokuthula” (njengasenkulumeni 河清海晏), kanye nesibongo. Ukuthi iyiphi incazelo efakwe egameni letiye, imithombo ayisho, futhi angizimisele ukuyichaza. 茶 — “itiye.”
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Umbiko wango-2023 ubiza itiye ngokuthi imboni “ekhethekile, eluhlaza, ecebisayo futhi eholayo” yesifunda ohlelweni lokuvuselela izindawo zasemakhaya.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Uhlobo / Cultivar: Akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuvuna kanye nezinga lokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izikhathi: Isisekelo sedatha sibika ukuthi umkhiqizo utholakala ukuthengiswa unyaka wonke, kusukela ngoMasingana kuya kuZibandlela. Lokhu kungolwazi mayelana nemakethe, hhayi mayelana nokuvuna.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Inyakatho-mpumalanga yeGuizhou. Ngokwe-Wikipedia, isifunda sisemzileni wezintaba zaseWuling (武陵山), entshonalanga yentaba iFanjingshan, futhi sinqanyulwa ngokwethemba umfula iWujiang (乌江).
• Ububanzi bezingadi: Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni waseTongren (2024), izingadi zetiye eziphilayo esifundeni zingama-188.9 izinkulungwane zama-mu — cishe amahektha ayi-12.6. Inani elifanayo lanikezwa ngumbiko wango-2023.
• Ukunakekelwa kwezingadi: Ngokombiko wango-2023, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe lweGuizhou University, i-provincial academy yezolimo kanye ne-provincial tea institute, isifunda sibonisa ezindaweni zokuhlola ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwengadi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, izindlela zokungenisa amasosha omzimba (免疫诱抗, miǎnyì yòukàng) kanye nokuvikelwa ngezinto ezinemvelaphi yamaminerali (矿物源防治, kuàngwùyuán fángzhì).
• Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Abukho ubuchwepheshe obufanayo kusambulela: itiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu kanye “nelimhlophe” kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokombiko wango-2023, ukusetshenzwa okujulile kwenziwa yizinkampani ezihehwayo, ukukhiqizwa kubizwa ngokuthi “okuhlanzekile nokujwayelekile” (清洁化、标准化生产). Kuyashiwo futhi izitifiketi zamabhizinisi esifunda: angu-12 adlule isitifiketi se-SC, angu-5 afakwe kurejista yabathumeli ngaphandle, angu-4 anesitifiketi se-organic, angu-2 — isitifiketi se-Rainforest Alliance (雨林联盟).

Awekho amapharamitha obuchwepheshe emithonjeni etholakele. Ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela — izikimu ezijwayelekile zamakilasi, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye:

1. Itiye eliluhlaza: ukunwetshwa kweqabunga (摊放, tānfàng), ukumiswa (杀青, shāqīng), ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn), ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).
2. Itiye elibomvu: ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo), ukusontwa, ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào), ukomiswa.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngomzimba

Isisekelo sedatha sezimpawu zezindawo sichaza ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngomugqa owodwa. Isimo kuso — seletiye eliluhlaza; ukuthi incazelo ihambelana nasiphi isigaba kwezintathu zophawu, akushiwongo.

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Kuluhlaza okotshani okucwebezelayo, kunamafutha futhi kukhazimula, nokusontwa okuqinile (色泽翠绿油润，条索紧结).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
• Iphunga lomhluzi: Liphakeme futhi liqinile (香高持久).
• Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kusha futhi kuvuselelayo, nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva (味醇鲜爽，回味甘甜); itiye limelana nokuthelwa okuningi (耐冲泡).
• Umbala womhluzi: Uluhlaza futhi ukhanya. Kusisekelo kuthiwa “汤录明亮” — ngokwencazelo lokhu kuyiphutha lokubhala elithi “汤绿明亮.”
• Iqabunga ngemva kokusetshenziswa: Lilingana, lithambile futhi likhanya ngokuluhlaza (叶底匀齐，嫩绿明亮).

Etiyeni elibomvu kanye “nelimhlophe” lophawu azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Isisekelo sedatha sithi itiye licebile ngezinc ne-selenium (内含丰富锌硒元素), futhi lisibeka njengomkhiqizo ongenazo izinto eziyingozi (无公害). Umbiko wango-2023 uthi kunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. Awekho kunoma yimuphi umthombo izinombolo, indlela kanye nesampula, ngakho lokhu kuyizimangalo, hhayi imininingwane yokuhlaziya.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wekilasi. Amapharamitha ancike ekutheni yiliphi itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama elisesandleni.

• Eliluhlaza: 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan, ukuthelwa kokuqala ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60, ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
• Elibomvu: 90–95 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain, ukuthelwa kokuqala cishe umzuzu, ukuphinda kaningana ngokwelula isikhathi.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Itiye eliluhlaza — ephaketheni elivaliwe, efrijini ngo-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ephaketheni eliqinile, kude namaphunga.

10. Intengo Nokomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:
  • Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo «思南晏茶» (ngokwesisekelo sedatha — № 23890216).
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseSinan.
  • Buza ngekilasi: igama alilisho, futhi uphawu luhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu.
  • Khumbula ukuthi itiye eliluhlaza laseSinan lingathengiswa futhi ngaphansi kwegama lesifunda iFanjingshan Lü Cha: isifunda singaphakathi kwendawo yaso yokuvikelwa.

11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

• Ethebuleni lesifundazwe lezimpawu zokuhweba zezindawo lika-2022 isifunda sinalo uphawu lwesibili — «思南黄牛», izinkomo eziphuzi zaseSinan (2010).
• ISinan ingaphakathi kwendawo yokuvikelwa kwetiye eliluhlaza lesifunda iFanjingshan Lü Cha kanye nezinye izifunda eziyisithupha zaseTongren — itiye lesifunda linamagama amabili avikelwe emazingeni ahlukene.
• Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, ingadi yetiye yokuqala eGuizhou kwinethiwekhi ye-5G yakhiwe eSinan.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye

• Fanjingshan Lü Cha (梵净山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseTongren; indawo yalo yokuvikelwa ihlanganisa iSinan phakathi kwezifunda eziyisikhombisa. Leli gama lisezingeni lesifunda, iSinan Yancha — lesifunda.
• Fanjingshan Hong Cha (梵净山红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo.
• Fengang Xīn Xī Chá (凤冈锌硒茶): Itiye lesifunda saseZunyi eline-zinc ne-selenium ngqo egameni; eSinān Yancha kushiwo kuphela encazelweni yesisekelo sedatha.
• Enshi Secha (恩施硒茶): Esinye isambulela phezu kwamakilasi amaningana — uphawu lwesifunda sesifundazwe saseHubei.

Ekuphetheni:

ISinan Yancha wuphawu lwesifunda, hhayi itiye elilodwa: uphawu lwezindawo lwango-2018 phezu kwetiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu kanye “nelimhlophe” lesifunda, lapho ngaphansi kwezingadi kukhona cishe ama-189 izinkulungwane zama-mu. Imibhalo ikhuluma kakhulu ngophawu, izitifiketi kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunetiye ngokwalo, futhi okuwukuphela kwencazelo yesimo — itiye eliluhlaza elisontwe okuqinile nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva — alihlobene nesigaba. Uma uthenga itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama, kufanelekile ukuqala ngokubuza ukuthi liyiliphi ikilasi.

Imithombo

Amazinga

• T/GGI 026-2018

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo