Yánpíng gòngchá · thetea.app

I-Yanping Gongcha (Yánpíng gòngchá, 延平贡茶) — ‘itiye lendela laseYanping’, itiye lesifunda saseYanping (延平区) edolobheni laseNanping enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian. Igama libhekisela enteleni yaseSong: inkomba ithi kakade ngeminyaka yeYuanfeng (1078–1085) itiye lalapha laliyiswa enkantolo. Namuhla lolu wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwango-2024 — uphawu lwetiye olusha kakhulu lwesifunda saseNanping — futhi umkhiqizo kulo ubhalwe njengewulong. Igama lesibili elidala laleli tiye lithi ‘banyan cha’, ‘itiye lasemaweni amaphakathi’, ngendawo ethambekeni lentaba iMandangshan.

1. Isigaba kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: I-ulong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá) — umkhiqizo wophawu ubhalwe kanjalo ohlwini lwesifundazwe. Igama ngokwalo (‘itiye lentela’) alinasi sigaba, kanti inkomba ithi kusukela enkathini yeMing eYanping kwakwenziwa itiye eliluhlaza, nelibomvu, kanye newulong.
Isigaba: Itiye lentela lomlando lasenyakatho yeFujian; uhlobo lomphakathi lwesifunda kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2024).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala wedolobha iNanping (南平, Nánpíng), isifunda saseYanping (延平, Yánpíng); umnyombo womlando — ilokishi laseMangdang (茫荡镇, Mángdàng zhèn).
Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba isifunda saseYanping — lokhu ukuhlobana kokuphatha komnikazi wophawu. Inkomba ibiza indawo yonke yesifunda njengendawo yophawu; umngcele wezomthetho angiwuhlolanga.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ngokwenkomba — 26°15′–26°52′ N, 117°50′–118°40′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando: Ngezansi kukhona imininingwane evela enkombeni enezinkomba zemibhalo emidala; imithombo yokuqala angiyiqhathanisanga.
- I-Song yaseNyakatho. Incazelo yezwe ethi ‘Taiping huanyu ji’ (《太平寰宇记》) ibala izinhlobo eziyisithupha zetiye lesifunda saseNanjianzhou (南剑州), okuyiYanping yanamuhla: 白乳, 金字, 蜡面, 骨子, 山挺 kanye no 银字. Ngeminyaka yeYuanfeng itiye lesifunda, ngokwenkomba, lase liyintela; ‘Umlando weSong’ (《宋史》) ukhuluma ngezifunda ezinhlanu ezinomkhiqizo ongaphansi kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi zamajin. U-Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修) encwadini ethi ‘Amanothi Ngokubuyela Emasimini’ (《归田录》) wabhala ukuthi itiye ‘elinamafutha’ livela eJianjin.
- Ingxabano neBeiyuan. Inkomba icaphuna umugqa wesikhulu saseSong uHuang Shang (黄裳): «莫道南芽非北苑，须知山脉是东溪» — ungasho ukuthi amahlumela aseningizimu awawona awaseBeiyuan: izintaba zawo ziyafana nezaseDongxi.
- I-Ming ne-Qing. Incwadi yeMing ethi ‘Ba Min tongzhi’ (《八闽通志》), ngokwenkomba, ithi: «茶，各县俱有，出延平半岩者尤佳» — itiye likhona kuzo zonke izifunda, kodwa elihle kakhulu livela emaweni amaphakathi aseYanping. Umlando wesifunda saseNanping uthi ukuchuma kwaleli tiye kwenzeka ngeminyaka yeXianfeng neTongzhi (1851–1874).
- Ikhulu lama-XX. Ekuqaleni kweRiphabhuliki, ngokwenkomba, imboni yawohloka ngenxa yomgunyathi, ukuxutshwa kwezinto kanye nezimpi, yabe isivuseleleka ngemva kuka-1949.
- U-2024. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, uphawu № 65341509 lubhaliswe mhla ziyi-13 kuNhlolanja 2024; inkomba ithi umhla ziyi-14 kuNhlolanja, kanti izindaba zesifunda zabika ukubhaliswa ngoNdasa. Umnikazi — Isikhungo Sokusabalalisa Ubuchwepheshe Bezolimo Sesifunda saseYanping (南平市延平区农业技术推广中心), umkhiqizo — iwulong.
- Amagugu. Inkomba ithi ubuchwepheshe bendabuko beYanping Gongcha bufakwe ohlwini lweshumi lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha laseNanping.
Igama: 延平 — igama lesifunda; 贡茶 (gòngchá) — ‘itiye lentela’, itiye elalinikelwa enkantolo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sakha uhlobo lomphakathi ngaleli gama: ngokwenkomba, izinkampani zendawo eziyishumi nambili zipakisha itiye ngophawu olumbaxambili ‘延平贡茶 + uphawu lwazo’, kanti kubanjwa ‘umncintiswano wenkosi yetiye’ kanye nomkhosi wokuqala kokuvuna ngesiko ‘lokubiza intaba’.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Uhlu lwezinhlobo zophawu alukho emithonjeni etholakele. Inkomba ikhuluma ngamasampula ahlomule ama-ulong aseYanping ezinhlotsheni eziyiRougui (肉桂, ròuguì) neShuixian (水仙, shuǐxiān) emincintiswaneni ka-2021–2022.
Indawo yofuzo: Ngokwenkomba, esifundeni kunesifunda esivikelwe sesifundazwe sofuza oluyigugu lwesihlahla setiye ‘延平贡茶’, kanti ukuhlolwa nokuqoqwa kwezinhlobo zendawo kwenziwa neFujian Agriculture and Forestry University kanye nesifundazwe se-academy yezolimo.
Izinga kanye nezikhathi zokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Inyakatho yeFujian, izintaba ezizungeze iNanping. Umnyombo womlando — ‘amawa amaphakathi’ (半岩, bànyán) entaba iMandangshan (茫荡山): inkomba ibeka indawo yengadi endala eduze nomuzi waseJunzhu-Bangan (筠竹半坎村), maphakathi nomzila ‘Izinyathelo Eziyizinkulungwane Ezintathu Namakhulu Ayisishiyagalombili’ (三千八百坎) esiqiwini sikahulumeni saseMandangshan.
Ukuphakama: Ngokwenkomba, izingadi zitholakala ikakhulu ku-600–800 m; izingadi ezintsha ze-ecological zimiswa ku-650–1000 m.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwenkomba — isimo sezulu esithambile nesinomswakama se-monsoon esimaphakathi: intwasahlobo yokuqala nekwindla sekwephuzile, ihlobo elide nobusika obufushane, inkathi yezimvula ecacile, inkungu evamile nokungabi namoya, umehluko obonakalayo ngokuphakama.
Indawo: Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ekulandiseni kwenkomba — cishe ama-mu angu-7200 wezingadi kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-500 etiye ngonyaka; uhlelo lwesifunda — ama-mu angu-10 000 ngonyaka ka-2025.
Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Imithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu enobuchwepheshe angiyibonanga. Inkomba ichaza izinkathi ezimbili.

Ubuchwepheshe beSong ‘bamacwecwe’ (incazelo evamile yenkathi): amahlumela ayashiswa ngesitimu, agaywe abe inhlama, acindezelwe abe amaqebelengwane anembobo phakathi, omiswa bese ehlanganiswa ngaphezu kweshumi ngentambo; kamuva kulolu ‘tiye eligayiwe’ kwavela itiye ‘elinamafutha’ (蜡面茶, làmiànchá).
Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bamanje: inkomba ikhuluma ngokuhlukaniswa kweqabunga (摊青, tānqīng) kanye nokufudumala (烘焙, hōngbèi) nokuthi kusetshenzwa ngabo amapulazi angaphezu kwamashumi amabili esifunda. Ukulandelana okuphelele kanye nemingcele akukho kuyo.

Kowulong ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu: ukubuna, ukunyakazisa nokubamba iqabunga (做青, zuòqīng) nge-oxidation eyingxenye, ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn), ukomisa kanye nokufudumala. Lolu wuhlelo oluvamile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beYanping Gongcha.

6. Izici Zezwa

Inkomba ichaza ukunambitheka ngefomula eyodwa: iphunga eliphakeme nelihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okugcwele nokuthambile, ubumnandi nokumelana nokuthelwa okuningi (高香持久、滋味醇厚、甘甜耐泡). Umbhalo wophawu onencazelo yokubukeka angiwubonanga.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (高香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele futhi kuthambile, kumnandi, kumelana nokuthelwa okuningi (滋味醇厚、甘甜耐泡).
Umbala wotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elithelwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Inkomba ithi ngokuhlaziywa itiye lentaba iMandangshan aliphansi kweleWuyishan ngomswakama, umlotha, i-cellulose, ama-polyphenol kanye ne-caffeine, kodwa ayizibali izinombolo nendlela; lokhu angikwamukeli njengeqiniso.

8. Ukuthela

Umkhuba wesigaba sowulong.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 5–7 g nge-gaiwan engu-100–110 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Geza ngokushesha iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwachithe.
4. Ukuthela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
5. Thela ezinkomishini nge-chahai.
6. Ukuthelwa okuyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, kude namaphunga.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungawagwema kanjani umgunyathi:
- Funani uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo ‘延平贡茶’ (№ 65341509).
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseYanping.
- Ungadidanisi neBeiyuan Gongcha (北苑贡茶): uphawu lwendawo olunaleli gama lunikezwe idolobha laseJian’ou, futhi iYanping ayifakiwe endaweni yalo.
- Khumbula ukuthi ‘gongcha’ yigama elivamile emagameni etiye futhi ngokwalo alifakazeli imvelaphi.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ephephandabeni lesifundazwe ehlobo lika-2024 kwathiwa ‘北苑贡茶（延平焙）’ — ‘itiye lentela laseBeiyuan lokomiswa kwaseYanping’ — ngawo lowo nyaka lathola uphawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi sezindawo kanye nesimo samagugu angaphatheki aseNanping; iphephandaba labika nangenqubo yokusebenzisa lolu phawu. Ohlwini lwezimpawu zesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 alikho uphawu oluhlukile olunalelo gama, kanti uphawu lwetiye okuwukuphela kwalo lwesifunda — ‘延平贡茶’ lwango-2024. Ukuthi lamagama ahlobene yini njengohlobo nophawu, ngokwemibhalo etholakele akwaziwa.
Uphawu lwendawo ‘北苑贡茶’, olwaqashelwa yi-CNIPA ngo-2025, luhlanganisa kuphela idolobha laseJian’ou; iYanping ayifakiwe endaweni yalo.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

I-Jian’ou Shuixian Cha (建瓯水仙茶): I-ulong yaseJian’ou engumakhelwane, lapho kwakukhona ingadi yenkantolo yaseBeiyuan; isikhulu saseSong uHuang Shang saqhathanisa itiye laseYanping netiye laseBeiyuan.
I-Shaxian Hongbian Cha (沙县红边茶): I-ulong yesifunda saseShaxian esingumakhelwane; emlandweni weSong iShaxian ibalwa phakathi kwezifunda ezazinikela ngetiye lesifunda saseNanjianzhou.
I-Rougui (肉桂): Uhlobo lwe-ulong, amasampula alo athola imiklomelo emincintiswaneni.
I-Shuixian (水仙): Uhlobo oludala lwe-ulong yasenyakatho yeFujian, nalo liphakathi kwabahlomulayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yanping Gongcha — igama elinozalo lweminyaka eyinkulungwane nokuvikelwa okusha kakhulu: intela yaseSong, ‘amawa amaphakathi’ entaba iMandangshan, ukuwohloka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX kanye nophawu lwango-2024 olunomkhiqizo ‘i-ulong’. Ngokubukeka kwamanje imibhalo icishe ithule — inkomba inikeza kuphela ifomula ‘iphunga eliphakeme elihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okugcwele okumnandi, ukuthelwa okuningi’ — kanti ubudlelwano nohlobo ‘北苑贡茶（延平焙）’ buhlala bungumbuzo ovulekile.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №65341509

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo