mínyíng cháchǎng

Phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziphambili, okuvame ukukhulunywa ngazo uma kukhulunywa nge-puer — izimboni zikahulumeni ezinkulu kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela zasemakhaya — kunengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke futhi engachazwanga kahle yabakhiqizi: izimboni ezizimele, 民营茶厂 (mínyíng cháchǎng). Amagama abo yiwona atholakala kuyi-puer eminingi ecindezelwe ehlala ifinyelela emashalofini nasezindlini zokugcina impahla e-CIS. Ababeki intengo emakethe yezinga lesibili njengoba kwenza i-大益 (Dàyì), futhi abadayisi inganekwane yesigodi esisodwa njengama-boutique asezintabeni ezithile, kodwa bahlinzeka ngalolo hlobo oluphakathi, lapho itiye lihlala likwazi ukuphindwa futhi liqondakala.

Okushiwo igama elithi “ezizimele” kulo mongo

Igama elithi 民营 (mínyíng) liphikisana nelithi 国营 (guóyíng) — “okahulumeni”. Lesi yisici sezomthetho nesomlando, hhayi isici sekhwalithi futhi hhayi isici sobukhulu. Imboni ezimele ingaba yindawo yokusebenzela enemishini embalwa yokucindezela kanye nendlu yokugcina impahla eyodwa, noma ingaba yibhizinisi elinomugqa walo wokuvutshelwa, ilabhorethri, kanye noxhaxha lokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifundazweni ezimbalwa.

Kubalulekile ukusukela ekuqaleni ukwehlukanisa izinto ezintathu ezihlukene, ezihlanganiswa ngegama elilodwa “imboni” enkulumweni yansuku zonke:

• 初制所 (chūzhìsuǒ) — indawo yokusebenzela yokucubungula kokuqala emzaneni: ukubuna, ukuqhotsa, ukusonga, ukomisa elangeni. Umphumela — 毛茶 (máochá), izinto zokusetshenziswa ezixutshiwe. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile azinalo igama lomkhiqizo, futhi azinalo nelungelo lokukhipha imikhiqizo epakishiwe ezitolo.
• 精制/压制厂 — imboni yokucubungula nokucindezela: ukuhlunga, ukuxuba, ukuvutshelwa kwe-shu, ukushisa ngomusi, ukucindezela, ukomisa, ukupakisha. Lena yi-茶厂 ngomqondo omncane.
• Umkhiqizo (号, hào) — igama lokuhweba, elingase lingabi nakho nhlobo ukukhiqizwa kwalo futhi likhiphe ama-oda embonini yomunye.

Ukuqonda lokhu kuthathu kuchaza ingxenye enkulu yokungaqondi kahle okuphathelene nama-puer “asembonini”.

Kuvelaphi loluhlu

Ngesikhathi sokuhlela, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwetiye laseYunnan kwakumiswe phakathi: ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo kwakudlula ohlelweni lukahulumeni (umgomo 统购统销, tǒnggòu tǒngxiāo), kanti ukucindezelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwakunikezwe izimboni ezinkulu ezimbalwa. Kusukela lapho futhi kuvela uhlelo lwamakhodi 唛号 (màihào), lapho idijithi yokugcina yenombolo yeresiphi ikhombisa imboni ekhiqizayo. Iqembu lezimboni ezine, eliqoshwe ku-encyclopedia yethu (bheka i-athikili nge-唛号), limi kanje: 1 — Imboni yaseKunming (中茶 / 昆明茶厂), 2 — Imboni yaseMenghai (勐海茶厂, umkhiqizo 大益), 3 — Xiaguan (下关), 4 — Puer (Simao/Puer). Ngaphandle kwalezi zine, kusizindalwazi sethu sezinkampani kukhona uphawu oluhlukile “ikhodi 6” ku-福海 (Fúhǎi). Uhlu oluphelele noluqinisekisiwe lwamakhodi ngaphandle kwalolu alunalo, futhi ngeke silwenabe ngokwesekelwe ekufananiseni.

Ngokuguquguquka kwezomnotho kanye nokukhululeka kancane kancane kwelungelo lokukhiqiza nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ubukhosi baphela. Kwavela ithuba lokubhalisa ibhizinisi lakho, lokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ngqo emapulazini abalimi, kanye nokukhipha imikhiqizo ngaphansi kwegama lakho. Ingxenye enkulu yezimboni zokuqala ezizimele yasungulwa abantu ababevela ohlelweni lwezimboni zikahulumeni: ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe nabaphathi baphuma nolwazi lwamaresiphi, ikhono lokuxuba, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqonda kokuthi ukuvutshelwa okulawulwayo kwe-shu kuhlelwa kanjani.

Isibonelo esibhalwe kakhulu ezintweni zethu — i-海湾茶厂 (Hǎiwān cháchǎng), umkhiqizo 老同志 (Lǎotóngzhì), eyasungulwa ngo-1999 ngu-邹炳良 (Zōu Bǐngliáng), ohlotshaniswa embonini nokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-渥堆 (wòduī) — ukuvutshelwa okumanzi kwezinqwaba ze-shu-puer. Lokhu kukhombisa kahle ingqondo yalolu hlobo lonke: imboni ezimele ayikhuli endaweni engenalutho, kodwa esikoleni semboni.

Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kabili “okukahulumeni — okuzimele” akusebenzi kahle njengokuhlukanisa. Nge-勐海茶厂 ezintweni zethu singasho okuncane, kodwa okuqinisekile: igama, inombolo yemboni 2 ohlelweni lwe-唛号, kanye nohlu lwamaresiphi (7542, 7572). Kurejista yemikhiqizo, umkhiqizo 大益 (勐海茶厂) unobhalo lwezinsuku 1940/1989 (usuku lwesibili — ukubhaliswa komkhiqizo), ekhadini lenkampani ibhizinisi lihlotsheniwe njengeqembu le-TAETEA. Umlando wenkampani wemboni, kufaka phakathi izinguquko ezingaba khona zohlobo lobunikazi kanye nezinsuku zazo, ngokwezinto zethu asiwuvuseleli — lokhu asikwazi ukukuqinisekisa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona amabhizinisi, ukuxhumana kwawo nohlelo lwamapulazi kahulumeni okuqinisekisiwe ezincwadini zethu: i-八角亭 (Bājiǎotíng) ixhumene ne-黎明 (Límíng, 黎明农场). Kanti, ngokwesibonelo, i-澜沧古茶 (Láncāng Gǔchá) kurejista yethu yemikhiqizo inobhalo lwezinsuku 1966/1998; ukuthi usuku lwesibili lumeleni, ngokwezinto zethu akubuyiseleki. Ngakho-ke igama elithi “ezizimele” lichaza umlando wobunikazi, hhayi indlela ehlukile yobuchwepheshe — futhi igama ngalinye lomlando walo kufanele lihlolwe ngokuhlukile.

Okwehlukanisa izimboni ezizimele kuma-大厂

大厂 (dàchǎng) — igama elisunguliwe lezimboni ezinkulu: 大益, 下关, 中茶. Umehluko kuzimboni ezizimele awusekho kakhulu emishinini, kodwa ezintweni ezine.

Isici	大厂	Imboni ezimele
Umgcino wamaresiphi	Amaresiphi anezinombolo anomlando weminyaka eminingi, aqashelwa ngekhodi	Imigqa yawo, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezinombolo ezilandelanayo
Isikali sokuthengwa kwezinto	Ukuxuba okuvela ezifundeni eziningi, ukushelela konyaka	Ngokuvamile kuncane, ngokuvamile kuxhumene nesifunda esisodwa
Imakethe yezinga lesibili	Ikhona, ngezintengo nokucabanga	Ngokuvamile icishe ibe khona noma incane kakhulu
Amafeyiki	Amaningi, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu	Avela kancane ngenxa nje yokungabikho kweprimiyamu yegama

Umphumela osebenzayo: i-puer yemboni evela ku-大厂 ithengwa futhi njengempahla edayiswayo, kanti i-puer yemboni ezimele — cishe njalo njengetiye lokuphuza. Emsebenzini wokuhlola ukunambitheka, lokhu kuyinzuzo: intengo incane ngokungeziwe ngenxa yemakethe yegama.

Ukucindezelwa kwempahla yomunye: kungani igama kwisembozo lingahlali liyigama lomkhiqizi

Indlela ebalulekile, ngaphandle kwayo lonke lolu hlobo lungafundeki, — i-代加工 (dàijiāgōng), ukukhiqizwa ngokwe-oda, kanye ne-定制 (dìngzhì), ukucindezelwa ngokwe-oda. Imboni enelayisense nemishini ingakwazi:

• ukucindezela itiye layo ngaphansi kwegama layo;
• ukucindezela izinto zomunye ngaphansi kwegama lomunye (umthengi uletha i-毛茶, athole ama-bing aphelele anesembozo sakhe);
• ukucindezela izinto zayo ngaphansi kwegama lomunye.

Ngakho-ke emakethe ye-CIS isembozo ngokuvamile asitsheli ukuthi ubani otshale nokuthi ubani ovutshiwe, kodwa ukuthi ubani okhokhele inani. Umbhalo omncane onegama lebhizinisi elikhiqizayo nenombolo yelayisense yokukhiqiza — yingxenye yolwazi ebaluleke kakhulu kupakishini kune-logo enkulu. Lokhu futhi kuchaza ukuthi kungani imikhiqizo emibili ehlukene ingase ibe nephrofayili ye-shu efanayo ngokusolisayo: kungenzeka kube nemboni eyodwa kanye nendawo yokuvutshela eyodwa.

Izimboni ezibonakala ngempela emakethe ye-CIS

Ngezansi — kuphela lokho okungashiwo ngokuqiniseka. Izinsuku zokusungulwa, imiqulu yokukhiqizwa kanye nabakhi bobunikazi akuzange kubhalwe ngamabomu: azikho ezintweni zethu, futhi ngeke sizivuselele ngenkumbulo noma ngemibhalo yokukhangisa yabathengisi.

Igama	IsiPinyin	Indawo / ukuxhumana	Eyaziwa ngayo emakethe yethu
兴海	Xīnghǎi	Menghai (勐海)	I-sheng ne-shu zomkhakha ophakathi, imithamo evamile yama-bing
福海	Fúhǎi	Menghai	I-shu-puer ngokuyinhloko, umugqa oqashelwayo wezinto ezicindezelwe
昌泰	Chāngtài	Ukuxhumana ne-Yiwu (易武)	Uchungechunge lwe-易昌号 (Yìchānghào) — enye yezinkomba zesitayela “se-Yiwu” kumazimele
土林凤凰	Tǔlín Fènghuáng	Akutholakali ngokuthembekile	I-shu ngesimo sama-bing, ama-tuo nezitini, isigaba esingabizi kakhulu
俊仲号	Jùnzhònghào	Akutholakali ngokuthembekile: amarekhodi ethu akhomba iNanjian neLincang, imakethe ibiza iMenghai	Izinto ezicindezelwe ze-shu, kufaka phakathi amafomethi amancane
博友	Bóyǒu	Akutholakali ngokuthembekile	Ikhona ezintweni ezithunyelwayo; ngaphandle kwegama, asikwazi ukusho lutho
郎河	Lánghé	Menghai	I-shu ne-sheng, kufaka phakathi imithamo yempahla yomunye
鸿泰昌	Hóngtàichāng	Akutholakali ngokuthembekile	Igama ngesitayela sezindlu zokuhweba ezindala 号级 (hàojí); umlando wangempela awaziwa
普文	Pǔwén	Indawo yasePuwen (普文镇) — ngokwesithasiselo A.1 GB/T 22111-2008 ingaphansi kwesifunda saseJinghong, iXishuangbanna	Igama lixhumene nesibongo sendawo; ukuxhumana kwebhizinisi elithile nale ndawo kanye nesimo sayo sezinkampani ngokwezinto zethu akutholakali
八角亭	Bājiǎotíng	Menghai, ukuxhumana ne-黎明 (Límíng, 黎明农场)	Umugqa obanzi we-sheng ne-shu; imvelaphi yohlelo lwamapulazi kahulumeni yenza igama elithi “ezimele” libe nemibandela
新益号	Xīnyìhào	Akutholakali ngokuthembekile	Umkhiqizo wenkathi ye-inthanethi: ukuhlukahluka okubanzi, ukugxila emgudwini we-inthanethi
勐库戎氏	Měngkù Róngshì	Shuangjiang, isifunda seMengku (临沧)	Izinto zaseLincang, amatiye axhumene neMengku; u-戎氏 egameni — isibongo somndeni wabanikazi
老同志	Lǎotóngzhì	Umkhiqizo wemboni i-海湾	I-shu enamandla; yasungulwa ngo-1999 ngu-邹炳良

Okumbalwa okuchazayo etafuleni.

Iqembu laseMenghai. 兴海, 福海, 郎河 kumarekhodi ethu abhalwe njengamabhizinisi aseMenghai — okusho ukuthi asebenza esifundeni esifanayo ne-勐海茶厂, enokufinyelela ezintweni zaseBulgshan nasezifundeni eziseduze kanye nasesikoleni sendawo sokuvutshelwa. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-shu yabo ivame ukubonwa njengeyobuntu “baseMenghai”. Nokho, ukuxhumana nesifunda akusona isiqinisekiso sezinto ezithile: izinto eziya eMenghai zilethwa futhi ezivela kwezinye izifunda. I-俊仲号 asiyifaki kuleli qembu: ngokwemithombo yethu umkhiqizo uxhumene neNanjian neLincang, kanti ukuxhumana kweMenghai kuvela kuphela ezincazelweni zemakethe.

昌泰 neYiwu. Okuwukuphela kwento okufanele iqoshwe ngokuqinile lapha: uchungechunge lwe-易昌号 luxhumene nomgudu we-Yiwu futhi lusebenza kwabaningi njengendawo yokuqala enkulumweni yokuthi imboni ezimele yasebenza kanjani ne-Yiwu ngaphambi kwenkathi ye-premium yegama lesigodi esisodwa. Imininingwane yochungechunge, imithamo yalo kanye nokuhlukana kwamaqoqo akuchazwanga ezintweni zethu.

勐库戎氏 neLincang. Mengku (勐库) — isifunda esifundeni saseShuangjiang, esingaphansi kweLincang ngokwezomthetho; kulesi sifunda futhi kunendawo eyaziwayo yaseBingdao (冰岛). Kulokhu akusho ukuthi itiye lemboni lenziwe ngezinto zaseBingdao: ukuxhumana kungokwendawo, hhayi kokweresiphi, futhi noma yiziphi izimangalo ngezindawo ezithile emithameni ethile zidinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukile.

八角亭. Isibonelo sokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kabili “okukahulumeni/okuzimele” akusebenzi kahle kangakanani: ibhizinisi kumarekhodi ethu lixhumene ne-黎明农场, okungukuthi nohlelo lwamapulazi kahulumeni, kanti uhlobo lwamanje lobunikazi alubhaliwe kithi. Siluhlanganisa nalolu hlobo ngokomkhuba wemakethe — luziphatha njengemboni ezimele yesilinganiso esimaphakathi — kodwa hhayi ngokwemibhalo.

普文. Lapha sinegama kuphela kanye nezikhundla zohlu lwamanani (“2007年普文茶厂生饼”, “2006年普文越陈越香熟饼”) ngaphandle kokutholwa kwendawo. Isibongo sendawo uqobo 普文镇 esithasiselweni A.1 GB/T 22111-2008 sibhalwe ngaphansi kwesifunda saseJinghong (景洪市) sesifunda saseXishuangbanna. Ukuthi ikheli lebhizinisi liyahambelana yini nale ndawo futhi yayizoba yini ukuxhumana kwalo kwangaphambili ngezomthetho — lokhu asikwazi ukukuqinisekisa.

土林凤凰, 博友, 鸿泰昌. Ngala magama impendulo ethembekile — “igama liyaziwa kanye nokuba khona emakethe”. Abathengisi bababhalela imilando, kodwa imilando yabo ayikwazi ukuhlolwa ngemithombo yethu, ngakho-ke ayikho lapha.

Kungani igama lemboni liyisiqinisekiso sokuphindeka, hhayi se-terroir

Lena, mhlawumbe, isiphetho esiyinhloko esisebenzayo sawo wonke umxholo.

Imboni — iqoqo lezinqubo ezinzile: ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlungwa kanjani ngezingxenyana, ukuthi ukuxuba 拼配 (pīnpèi) kwakhiwa kanjani, ukuthi ukuvutshelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani futhi kunomswakama ongakanani, ukuthi i-bing icindezelwa kanzima kangakanani, ukuthi yomiswa kanjani futhi igcinwa kuphi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Lezi zinqubo ziyakwazi ukuphindwa. Ngakho-ke i-shu yemboni ethile unyaka nonyaka iyaqashelwa: ukuminyana okufanayo kwensipho, inothi elifanayo ephungeni, isivinini esifanayo sokuvuleka.

Okungaqinisekiswa yigama lemboni:

• Umvelaphi wezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuthenga kwenziwa ezifundeni ezimbalwa futhi kuyashintsha kuye ngezintengo zonyaka. Iresiphi eyodwa eminyakeni ehlukene ingase ihlanganiswe ngezinto ezahlukene — kanye ukuze umphumela uhlale ufana.
• Iminyaka yezihlahla. Amagama 古树 (gǔshù) kanye ne-名寨 (míngzhài) kwizembozo zasembonini awokukhangisa, uma engasekelwa yimibhalo ehlukile yeqoqo.
• Izimo zokugcinwa. Isiphetho se-bing ngemva kokuthunyelwa sincike endaweni yokugcina, hhayi embonini. Umehluko phakathi kwe-干仓 (gāncāng) ne-湿仓 (shīcāng) udlula ingxenye enkulu yokuhlukana kwemboni.

Ngamanye amazwi, igama lemboni liphendula umbuzo othi “lizoba njani leli tiye cishe”, hhayi umbuzo othi “livelaphi”.

Iresiphi yasembonini kanye nokucindezela komqambi

Izindlela ezimbili ezahlukene, ezinobuhle nobubi obuhlukile.

Isici	Iresiphi yasembonini	Ukucindezela komqambi
Ingqondo	Ukuxuba okubhekiswe kuphrofayili eqondiwe, ephindekayo unyaka nonyaka	Iqoqo elilodwa lezinto, indawo eyodwa, inkathi eyodwa
Izinto	Ezixutshiwe, izingxenyana ezahlukene nezifunda	Encane, ngokuvamile indawo eyodwa noma ingadi eyodwa
Umsebenzi	Ukushelela ukuhlukana konyaka	Ukukhombisa ukuhlukana konyaka njengokuqukethwe
Ukuphindeka	Phezulu, yilokhu okudayiswayo	Kuphansi ngokwencazelo: umthamo olandelayo uzohluka
Isikali	Imithamo, ukutholakala okuzinzile	Amaqoqo amancane, asheshe anyamalale
Ubungozi bomthengi	Isithukuthezi, ukulinganisela	Ukungaqiniseki, ukuncika kwisinqumo esisodwa
Okuhlolekayo	Iphrofayili yamaqoqo adlule	Ukunambitheka uqobo kuphela

Ukuxuba kwasembonini akusilo izinga “eliphansi”. Amaresiphi ezinombolo akudala e-大厂 — nawo angukuxuba, futhi ukuxuba yikho okwanikeza i-puer idumela layo letiye elishintsha ngokubikezelwa neminyaka. Ukucindezela komqambi kuxazulula umsebenzi ohlukile: kuqopha izinto ezithile zonyaka othile, kwenqaba ukushelela. Ezimbonini ezizimele kujwayelekile isimo esimaphakathi — eziningi zinombhalo omkhulu omkhulu ngeresiphi ezinzile, kanye nochungechunge oluncane olunokuxhumana ngokwendawo egameni.

Ukufunda kanjani ukupakishwa

Okuwusizo kakhulu ukubheka hhayi i-logo enkulu, kodwa ingxenye yesevisi yesembozo noma isitika: igama lebhizinisi elikhiqizayo, ikheli, inombolo yelayisense yokukhiqiza, isisindo, usuku lokukhipha. Uma igama lomkhiqizo negama lomkhiqizi kuhlukile — cishe ngokuqinisekile ubhekene nokucindezelwa kwempahla yomunye, futhi kufanele ubhekise embonini, hhayi emkhiqizweni.

Ukubhekiswa kwezinga ekupakisheni kufundeka kanje. Umbhalo oyisisekelo we-puer — i-GB/T 22111-2008 《地理标志产品 普洱茶》, izinga likazwelonke le-puer njengomkhiqizo onegama lendawo elivikelwe; isithasiselo sayo A sibala izifunda zokuphatha zaseYunnan ezingaphakathi kwendawo yokuvikela (yilapho, ku-A.1, kubonakala khona nendawo eshiwo ngenhla yasePuwen ngaphansi kweJinghong). Izinga libeka indawo yezinto, ukuhlukaniswa (i-sheng ne-shu, ezixutshiwe nezicindezelwe) kanye nezidingo ezisemthethweni zomkhiqizo. Okungakubeki — izinga lokuxuba kanye nekhwalithi yeqoqo elithile: ukuba khona kokubhekiswa kwezinga kukhombisa ukuba semthethweni kokukhipha, hhayi ukuthi itiye lihle. Izinombolo zamalayisense okukhiqiza amabhizinisi ahlukile ohlwini lwethu azibhalwanga ezintweni zethu, futhi lapha asizizethembi.

Lokhu okungashiwo yile athikili

Isigaba esiyisibopho, ngoba umxholo awubhalwanga kahle ngesiRashiya futhi ugcwele izinganekwane zabathengisi.

• Izinsuku zokusungulwa. Ngaphandle kwe-老同志 / 海湾 (1999) kanye nezinsuku ezivela kuthebula lethu lemikhiqizo, iminyaka yokusungulwa kwezimboni ezibalulwe lapha ayikashiwongo. Hhayi ngoba ingekho, kodwa ngoba asinawo umthombo ohloliwe.
• Umlando wenkampani wezimboni ezinkulu. Nge-勐海茶厂 sisho kuphela igama, inombolo yemboni 2 kanye nohlu lwe-7542/7572; izinguquko zabanikazi, ukuthengiswa kwempahla kanye nezinsuku zazo ngokwezinto zethu akubuyiseleki. Kuyafana nangesibili kusukela ekubhalweni kwezinsuku kwe-澜沧古茶 (1966/1998) — ukuthi lisho ukuthini, asazi.
• Imiqulu, amandla, inani labasebenzi. Akukho kulokhu okubhaliwe futhi akufanele kwakhiwe ngokufananisa.
• Abanikazi, abasunguli, ochwepheshe. Igama okuwukuphela kwalo elibiziwe — 邹炳良, futhi lithathwe ezintweni zethu. Abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi amafomula avamile ekukhangiseni athi “imboni yasungulwa umfundi kankosi othile”, asiwakhiqizi.
• Amakheli nokuma kwendawo ngokunembile. Kwe-土林凤凰, 博友, 鸿泰昌, 新益号 ukuxhumana akutholakali. Kwe-兴海, 福海, 郎河 ukuxhumana kweMenghai kuthathwe kusizindalwazi sethu sezinkampani, kodwa amakheli athile asiwabhalisi. Kwe-俊仲号 amarekhodi ethu akhomba iNanjian neLincang, kanti imakethe ibiza iMenghai — umbuzo uvulekile. Kwe-普文 sinesibongo sendawo kuphela nendawo yaso esithasiselweni A.1 GB/T 22111-2008, kodwa hhayi ikheli lebhizinisi.
• Uhlobo lobunikazi lwamabhizinisi ahlukile. I-八角亭 ne-普文 zifakwe kulolu hlobo ngokwemibandela; isimo sabo samanje sezomthetho asaziwa kithi.
• Ukuxhumana nezindawo ezithile. Alikho igama elibalulwe lapha elixhunywa ne-老班章, 冰岛 noma ezinye izindawo eziphawulekayo njengomthombo wezinto. Ukuxhumana okunjalo kungenzeka, kodwa kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ngeqoqo elithile.
• Uhlu oluphelele lwamakhodi ezimboni. Iqembu lezimboni ezine (1 — Kunming/中茶, 2 — Menghai, 3 — Xiaguan, 4 — Puer) lisho ngokwe-athikili yethu nge-唛号; ngokuhlukile kusizindalwazi sezinkampani kuphawulwe “ikhodi 6” ku-福海. Ezinye izichasiso asinazo, futhi ngeke siziqambe.
• Ikhwalithi yokuqhathanisa. Uhlu lwezikhundla lwezimboni ezizimele alukho ku-athikili, futhi asikuboni kungenzeka ukulwakha: ukuhlukana phakathi kwamaqoqo emboni eyodwa ngokuvamile kukhulu kunomehluko phakathi kwezimboni zesigaba esifanayo sentengo.
• Uhlu lwethu lwezinto nezintengo. Ku-athikili akuchazwanga ukuthi yini yalokhu okubalulwe ekhona nokuthi kubiza malini.

Lapho kuthiwa “akutholakali”, lokhu kusho kanye ukungabikho kwemininingwane ehloliwe, hhayi ukuphika. Ingxenye yalezi zikhala ivalwa kuphela ngokusebenza ngerejista zezinkampani zesiShayina kanye nokupakishwa kwemithamo ethile — okungukuthi ngocwaningo oluhlukile, hhayi ngokulandisa.

Isichazamazwi esifushane

• 民营茶厂 (mínyíng cháchǎng) — imboni ezimele yetiye.
• 国营 (guóyíng) — ibhizinisi likahulumeni.
• 大厂 (dàchǎng) — imboni enkulu, kumongo we-puer ngokuvamile 大益, 下关, 中茶.
• 唛号 (màihào) — ikhodi yeresiphi, idijithi yayo yokugcina ikhombisa imboni.
• 拼配 (pīnpèi) — ukuxuba.
• 毛茶 (máochá) — izinto zokusetshenziswa ezixutshiwe ezingacutshungulwanga.
• 初制所 (chūzhìsuǒ) — indawo yokusebenzela yokucubungula kokuqala emzaneni.
• 代加工 (dàijiāgōng) — ukukhiqizwa ngokwe-oda embonini yomunye.
• 定制 (dìngzhì) — ukucindezelwa ngokwe-oda ngaphansi kwesembozo sakho.
• 渥堆 (wòduī) — ukuvutshelwa okumanzi kwezinqwaba, umsebenzi obalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-shu-puer.

the teas described here are available from teamotea