Pántuó jīnxuān chá

IPantuó Jīnxuān Chá (Pántuó jīnxuān chá, 盘陀金萱茶) itiye lohlobo lwaseThayiwani 金萱 (jīnxuān), elitshalwa edolobhaneni iPantuo (盘陀镇) esifundeni saseZhangpu (漳浦县) emkhakheni wedolobha iZhangzhou, eningizimu yesifundazwe saseFujian. Leligama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwezwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwemininingwane yokubhalisa, akukho lwazi ngomkhiqizo uqobo olutholakala emithonjeni etholakele. Ngakho-ke lendatshana ikhuluma kakhulu ngohlobo nangendawo futhi ibeka ngokusobala ukuthi yini engeke yatholakala ngomkhiqizo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Akunasiqiniseko. Irejista libhala umkhiqizo wophawu nje ngokuthi “itiye”. 金萱 yigama lohlobo lwesihlahla, hhayi isigaba: izincwadi zezinkomba zithi lolu hlobo lufaneleka ukwenza i-baozhong (包种茶), i-oolong yaseThayiwani, kanye netiye elibomvu. Angizange ngilibone idokhumenti lophawu elinesigaba somkhiqizo, ngakho-ke isigaba asiqinisekiswa lapha.
• Isigaba: Itiye elinophawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwezwe lwe-CNIPA № 9642018.
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe iFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umkhakha wedolobha iZhangzhou (漳州, Zhāngzhōu), isifunda iZhangpu (漳浦县, Zhāngpǔ Xiàn), idolobhana iPantuo (盘陀镇, Pántuó zhèn) eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifunda. Uhlu lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lubonisa iZhangpu njengobunikazi bokuphatha bombangi wophawu; umngcele wendawo yophawu awuzange uhlolwe.
• Izixhumanisi zokuma kwezwe: Isifunda iZhangpu cishe siku-24.1° enyakatho kanye no-117.6° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Uhlobo. U-金萱 wakhiwa iSiteshi Sokuthuthukisa Itiye laseThayiwani (茶业改良场): ngokwemininingwane yezinkomba, lolu hlobo lwatholakala ngo-1981 ngokuxubanisa, isitshalo sikamama kwakungu-台农8号, kanti esobaba kwakungu-硬枝红心. Ochungechungeni lwezinhlobo zesiteshi, lolu hlobo luyishumi nambili, yingakho linegama elisemthethweni elithi 台茶12号 (Táichá 12 hào).
  • Indlela eya ePantuo. Ukuthi uhlobo lwafika nini futhi kanjani edolobhaneni, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Uphawu lwePantuo. Unyaka wesicelo nonyaka wokubhaliswa akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. Uhlu lwesifundazwe saseFujian kusukela ngomhla ka-30 Juni 2026 lubala uphawu № 9642018 njengolusebenzayo.
• Igama:
  • “IPantuo” (盘陀) yigama ledolobhana.
  • “IJīnxuān” (金萱, jīnxuān) yigama lohlobo. Ngokwemininingwane yezinkomba, lanikezwa ukuhlonipha ugogo womqondisi wokuqala wesiteshi uWu Zhenduo (吴振铎). EThayiwani lolu hlobo lubizwa nangezinombolo, 台茶12号, nangekhodi yokuhlola engu-2027, okungukuthi “27仔”.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IPantuo Jīnxuān iyisibonelo sendlela uhlobo lokukhethwa lwaseThayiwani olutshalwa ngayo eningizimu yeFujian ngaphansi kwegama lendawo yasekhaya. Akunamanye umininingwane ngendawo yaleli tiye empilweni yedolobhana emithonjeni etholakele.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: 金萱 (台茶12号). Ngokwemininingwane yezinkomba, umqhele wesihlahla usabalele, iqabunga liyi-elliptical, liwugqinsi futhi lithambile, liluhlaza okotshani okukhazimulayo; ihlumela liluhlaza futhi linombala onsomi, linoboya. Uhlobo lwesikhathi esimaphakathi, lunomkhiqizo omningi: ngokwemininingwane efanayo, ukuvuna kuphakeme ngo-20–50 % kunokwe-青心大冇 kanye ne-青心乌龙. Itiye elivela kulolu hlobo laziwa ngephunga lemvelo “lobisi” (奶香, nǎixiāng) kanye nelimbali; izindawo eziyinhloko zaseThayiwani yiNantou neJiayi. Lena incazelo yohlobo, hhayi yetiye lasePantuo.
• Ukuvuna: Izikhathi zokuvuna ePantuo azishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Akunasiqiniseko.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Akunasiqiniseko.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: IZhangpu yisifunda esisogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeFujian, engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda iZhangzhou; idolobhana iPantuo liseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifunda.
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Awekho amanani ezivandeni zePantuo.
• Inhlabathi: Awekho amanani.
• Isimo sezulu: Awekho amanani akaliwe aqondene nezivande zetiye zasePantuo emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe betiye lasePantuo abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Ukuze kube yinkomba, nansi indlela ejwayelekile yokwenza i-oolong ekhanyayo yaseThayiwani, okuyitiye elaziwa kakhulu elivela ku-金萱, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye: ukubuna, ukunyakazisa, ukuqinisa, ukusonga kube yizingxenye eziyindilinga nokomisa. Ngohlobo olufanayo kwenziwa netiye elibomvu ngokwendlela yesigaba esibomvu. Akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela emkhiqizweni wePantuo ngaphandle kwedokhumenti yophawu.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Awekho amanani emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Awekho amanani emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lotshala: Kwetiye lasePantuo awekho amanani. Kwetiye elivela ohlotsheni lwe-金萱 izincwadi zezinkomba ziphawula iphunga lemvelo lobisi kanye nelimbali; ukuthi lokhu kuyasebenza yini emkhiqizweni wePantuo, akuhloliwe.
• Ukunambitheka: Awekho amanani emithonjeni etholakele.
• Umbala wotshala: Awekho amanani emithonjeni etholakele.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Awekho amanani emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Awekho amanani ngokwakheka kwetiye lasePantuo. Ukuhlaziywa kohlobo lwe-金萱 akuzange kuvezwe emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba somkhiqizo asinasiqiniseko; ngezansi yimikhuba evamile ye-oolong ekhanyayo, okuyitiye elivame kakhulu elivela ohlotsheni lwe-金萱. Lokhu akusona isidingo sophawu.

• Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 90–95 °C.
• Inani letiye: 5–7 g nge-150 ml.
• Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane yobumba.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uligeza ngokushesha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  3. Ukugxila kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-30–40.
  4. Thela konke ngaphandle kokushiya amanzi eqabungeni.
  5. Ukugxila okulandelayo: engeza imizuzwana engu-10–15; iqabunga elisongiwe livuleka kancane futhi likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa amanzi izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha.

Uma phambi kwakho kunetiye elibomvu elivela ku-金萱, imingcele kufanele ithathwe ngokwesigaba esibomvu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kwi-oolong ekhanyayo, kufanele igcinwe ephepheni elivaliwe, endaweni epholile emnyama noma esiqandisini, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle. Ii-oolong ezikhanyayo azidingi ukuguga.

10. Intengo Kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Angizange ngiwathole amanani entengo yetiye lasePantuo.

• Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Bheka uphawu “盘陀金萱茶” emaphaketheni kanye nomkhiqizi ovela esifundeni saseZhangpu.
  • Khumbula ukuthi igama lohlobo esikhwameni alisho ukuthi livela kuphi: u-金萱 utshalwa kuzo zonke izindawo zetiye zaseThayiwani nangale kwayo.
  • Qaphela ukunukisa kobisi okuzwakala kakhulu: iphunga lemvelo lobisi lalolu hlobo lithambile, kodwa emakethe kukhona ne-”milk oolong” enephunga elongeziwe.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Inombolo 台茶12号 isho ukuthi u-金萱 wuhlobo lweshumi nambili ochungechungeni olwakhiwa yiSiteshi Sokuthuthukisa Itiye laseThayiwani.
• Ikhodi yokuhlola engu-2027 yanikeza lolu hlobo igama lesintu elithi “27仔”.
• Igama “金萱” lanikezwa ukuhlonipha ugogo womqondisi wokuqala wesiteshi uWu Zhenduo.
• Ngokwemininingwane yezinkomba, u-金萱 ukhiqiza amaqabunga amaningi ngo-20–50 % kunohlobo lwe-青心大冇 ne-青心乌龙.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye

• IJīn Xuān (金萱): Isibonelo saseThayiwani yi-oolong ekhanyayo enephunga lemvelo lobisi elivela eNantou naseJiayi. Itiye lasePantuo lenziwa ngohlobo olufanayo, kodwa esifundeni esisogwini saseFujian.
• IJīn Xuān gōngfū hóng (金萱功夫红): Itiye elibomvu elivela ohlotsheni olufanayo liyisibonelo sokuthi igama lohlobo alilinqumi isigaba.
• INánjìng Dānguì (南靖丹桂): Uphawu olusondelene lwesifunda saseZhangzhou, nalo oluqanjwe ngohlobo, kodwa uhlobo lwe-dangui lwakhiwa eFujian uqobo.
• IZhāngzhōu Sè Zhǒng (漳州色种): I-oolong exubile yesifunda saseZhangzhou eyenziwe ngezinhlobo eziningana; uphawu lwasePantuo, ngokuphambene, luqanjwe ngohlobo olulodwa.

Ekuphetheni:

IPantuo Jīnxuān Chá yitiye irejista elazi kakhulu ngawo kunokuchazwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lenziwa ngaluphi uhlobo, ukuthi ubani futhi nini owakha lolu hlobo eThayiwani, nokuthi uphawu lwegama ledolobhana lusebenza. Isigaba, ubuchwepheshe, nokubukeka komkhiqizo akukho emadokhumentini atholakele. Kuze kube yilapho uphawu uqobo noma umkhiqizi ekuchaza, kuqotho ukukhuluma ngo-金萱 ePantuo njengohlobo olunesimilo saseThayiwani kunokuthi kuthiwe umkhiqizo unezici ze-oolong yaseThayiwani.