Tàishān lǜchá

I-Taishan Lücha (Tàishān lǜchá, 泰山绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sasedolobheni i-Tai’an (泰安市) esifundazweni saseShandong, eduze nentaba iTaishan, elinye lamatiye asenyakatho kakhulu eChina. Itiye eTai’an beliphuzwa kusukela ngezikhathi zobukhosi bakwaTang, kodwa litshalwa kuphela kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngo-2012 igama labhaliswa njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onesikhombo sendawo, ngo-2025 lamukelwa njengomkhiqizo onesikhombo sendawo ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 646; indawo yenza sonke isifunda.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwa; isigaba siqanjwe egameni.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho laseShandong; umkhiqizo onesikhombo sendawo.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseShandong (山东, Shāndōng), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Tai’an (泰安, Tài’ān).
• Indawo yokuvikela: «Indawo yamanje yokuphatha yesifunda sasedolobheni i-Tai’an» enohlaka lwezixhumanisi 116°02′–117°59′ empumalanga no-35°38′–36°28′ enyakatho. Umngcele wokuphatha uyashintsha kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwesifunda, uhlaka lubekwe ngokuqinile. Umfakisicelo yinhlangano yetiye yaseTai’an «Taishan» (泰安市泰山茶叶协会).
• Ukuphakama: Ngokwencazelo eyisithenjwa yokubhaliswa kwezolimo ka-2012, 200–800 m. Ezidingweni zika-2025 akuvunyelwanga ngokuphakama.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isikhungo sesifunda cishe singu-36,2° enyakatho no-117,1° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Ukuphuzwa kwetiye ngaphambi kwetiye. Izincazelo zendawo ziqala ngombhalo weTang «封氏闻见记» (emibhalweni yaseTai’an kubhalwa «封氏闻见录»): ngeminyaka yeKaiyuan (713–741) ethempelini laseLingyansi (灵岩寺) eTaishan uthisha wesikole seChan wavumela abafundi ukuba baphuze itiye ukuze bangangalali ngesikhathi sokuzindla, futhi umkhuba wasakazeka yonke indawo.
  • 1952. Ngokwencazelo eyisithenjwa ngokubhekisa emlandweni wesifundazwe wezohwebo, imbewu yetiye yalethwa ivela eningizimu futhi yatshalwa entabeni iCulaishan (徂徕山), kodwa kwasinda izihlahla ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela.
  • 1960–1970. Ohlelweni lwesifundazwe «南茶北引» — «ukuthutha itiye laseningizimu liye enyakatho» — iTai’an yaba ngeyokuqala ukuzuza ukuphila kwezitshalo; ngeminyaka yawo-1970 imboni yaba nokukhula kwayo kokuqala. Izihlahla zaleyo minyaka, ngokwencazelo efanayo, eYingtaoyuan (樱桃园) naseDaguanzhuang (大官庄) zisakhiqiza amaqabunga nanamuhla.
  • 2010. Ngokwencazelo eyisithenjwa, kungaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-13 ze-mu zamasimu kanye namathani angama-226 etiye, ikakhulukazi eliluhlaza; kusukela ngalo nyaka benza kancane nelibomvu.
  • 2012. UMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa igama njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onesikhombo sendawo — ngokwencazelo eyisithenjwa, ngo-Okthoba; inombolo i-AGI01027.
  • 2025. Ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 646 sangomhla zingama-23 kuSepthemba iHhovisi Likahulumeni Lezobuhlakani Bokudala lavuma imikhiqizo engama-870 enesikhombo sendawo; iTaishan Lücha ingumugqa wama-259 wesithasiselo. Kanye nayo, ngokombiko womsebenzi wokugadwa kwemakethe yaseTai’an, eminye imikhiqizo yezolimo eyishumi yesifunda yadlulela ohlelweni olusha.
  • 2026. Ngokombiko wenhlangano, amazinga esifundazwe «Umkhiqizo onesikhombo sendawo. ITaishan Lücha» kanye «… ITaishan Hongcha» afakwe phambili ohlelweni lwamazinga endawo; izingxoxo zahlala kuze kube ngumhla zingama-26 kuJuni.
• Igama: «Taishan» (泰山) yintaba iTaishan; «lücha» (绿茶) lisho «itiye eliluhlaza».
• Amagama okuhweba: Elinye lawo lithi «女儿茶», «itiye lendodakazi»; iqoqo lokufundisa lamatiye adumile libiza «泰山女儿茶» ngetiye elidumile lomlando namasiko laseShandong. Incazelo eyisithenjwa ibala phakathi kwamamaki abhalisiwe «金女儿», «女儿茶», «岱宗女儿茶» kanye «五岳独尊»; lawa amamaki okuhweba, hhayi uphawu lokuvikela.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Inhlangano yakha «umndeni» wegama elithi «泰山茶» ngezingxenye ezintathu — uphawu lwesitifiketi «泰山茶» kanye nemikhiqizo emibili enesikhombo sendawo, eliluhlaza nelibomvu — futhi ichaza imboni kanje: «okuluhlaza kuyinhloko, okubomvu kuyinsiza».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

• Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Isisekelo yimiphakathi yezimbewu: 黄山群体种 (Huángshān qúntǐzhǒng), 祁门褚叶种, 福鼎大白 (Fúdǐng dàbái) kanye no-淳安鸠坑种 (Chún’ān jiūkēngzhǒng). Ezisekayo yizinhlobo zama-clone: 舒茶早 (Shūcházǎo), 金寨1号, zendawo i泰山罗汉茶 (Tàishān luóhànchá), 迎霜 (Yíngshuāng), 白毫早 (Báiháozǎo), 平阳特早 (Píngyáng tèzǎo) kanye no-安吉白茶 (Ānjí báichá). Uhlamvu 褚 lusembhalweni; uhlobo lwaseQimen luvame ukubhalwa ngokuthi 槠叶种.
• Ukuvuna kanye nezinga lokuvuna: Akunqunywanga. Izidingo zikhuluma kuphela ngeqabunga elisha: lisha, lihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokungcola, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezifo nezinambuzane.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Izintaba namagquma entaba iTaishan enkabeni yeShandong. Incazelo eyisithenjwa ibiza iTai’an njengendawo «efanele ngokwemibandela» yetiye (次适宜): itiye likhula lapha emngceleni osenyakatho.
• Indawo: Ngokwezidingo — amathambeka anelanga avikelekile emoyeni, lapho kunganiselwa khona ngesikhathi sesomiso futhi kukhishwe amanzi ngezikhathi zemvula; inhlabathi namanzi ngaphandle kokungcola, kude namafekthri nezimayini.
• Inhlabathi: Ikakhulukazi inhlabathi yamahlathi ensundu (棕壤), pH cishe 6,5, ejulile futhi evunduvundu.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokweqoqo lokufundisa, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi eTai’an lingu-12,9 °C, ukukhanya kwelanga amahora angu-2627,1 ngonyaka, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa ngu-195 wezinsuku.
• Ukusetshenzwa kwenhlabathi: Izidingo zibeka izindlela ezintathu: ukusethula kancane nomanyolo ekupheleni kukaMashi — ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli ngamasentimitha angu-5–10; ukusethula okuphakathi nokuhlakula ngemva kokuvuna kwentwasahlobo, ekupheleni kukaMeyi — ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngamasentimitha angu-10–15; ukulima okujulile nomanyolo oyinhloko cishe ngenkathi yeBailu (白露) ngamasentimitha angu-15–20.
• Indawo: Izinkulungwane eziyi-13 ze-mu ngo-2010; kungaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 ze-mu kukho konke «泰山茶» — ngokombiko we-«Dazhong wang» (2025); kungaphezu kwamathani angu-1600 etiye elomile ngonyaka — ngokombiko wenhlangano (2026).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikela azichazi izinyathelo zokucubungula. Ngetiye eliluhlaza ukulandelana okuvamile kunje:

1. Ukubuna (摊放, tānfàng): Kuhamba ingxenye yomswakama.
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa ukufakwa komoya-mpilo.
3. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lithola ukwakheka.
4. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Kuqinisa ukwakheka nephunga.

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beTaishan Lücha. Enye yezinkampani zendawo, ngokombiko wezindaba, ihlukanisa itiye layo eliluhlaza ngephunga ngokuthi «elihlanzekile», «le-castnut», «lomhluzi werayisi» kanye «nezimbali».

6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngemizwa

Izidingo zika-2025 zinikeza ukubukeka ngomugqa owodwa ngaphandle kwamagama ezinkomba: «生卷曲细紧、匀整、匀净、鲜绿油润、栗香纯正、绿明亮、鲜爽醇厚、细嫩绿亮一级». Kubonakala sengathi lena ithebula eliguqulwe laba umbhalo: amagama alandelana ngokwejwayelekile kwezinkomba, kanti «一级» ekugcineni lisho «ibanga lokuqala». Ukuhlaziya ngezansi kungukuhumusha kwami komugqa.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisongekile, lincane futhi liminyene, lilingana, lihlanzekile, linombala oluhlaza omusha nokucwazimula okunamafutha (卷曲细紧、匀整、匀净、鲜绿油润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lomcimbi: I-castnut ehlanzekile (栗香纯正).
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuqabulayo futhi okugcwele (鲜爽醇厚).
• Umbala womcimbi: Oluhlaza, okhanyayo (绿明亮).
• Indebe yetiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Lincane, lithambile, liluhlaza futhi likhanya (细嫩绿亮).

Incazelo eyisithenjwa yengeza ukuthi iqabunga liwugqinsi futhi lihlala linokuchitheka okuningi.

7. Ubunjalo Bamakhemikhali

Azikho izidingo zomzimba namakhemikhali embhalweni wokuvikela — kukhona kuphela ukubhekisa emazingeni ajwayelekile okuphepha. Izinga lesifundazwe, ngokombiko wenhlangano, kufanele lengeze izinkomba zomzimba namakhemikhali; umbhalo walo awukho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
  3. Umcimbi wokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomcimbi.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Nokomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwesikhombo sendawo: lunikezwa abakhiqizi abavela endaweni ngemvume yehhovisi likahulumeni.
  • Bheka uphawu lwe-«泰山茶»: ngo-2026, ngokombiko wenhlangano, lusetshenziswa izinhlangano ezingama-24.
  • Ungathathi «女儿茶» namanye amagama asephaketheni njengophawu lokuvikela.
  • Ungadidanisi neTaishan Hong Cha (台山红茶) yaseGuangdong: amagama namathoni ahlukile — 台山 Táishān ngokumelene 泰山 Tàishān.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Ezidingweni zokuvikela azikho izikhathi zokuvuna noma izinyathelo zokucubungula, kodwa ukujula kokusethula inhlabathi kubekwe kuze kufike kusentimitha.
• Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivikelwe kukhona i-安吉白茶 — uhlobo olunamaqabunga akhanyayo, olukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza nalapha.
• Ingosi yesithenjwa yedolobha laseTai’an ibhala ukuthi leli tiye lalinikezwa amakhosi ayeletha iminikelo entabeni, kodwa ukutshalwa kwetiye lapha kwaqala kuphela ngeminyaka yawo-1950; lena inganekwane, hhayi umlando.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye asenyakatho

• Taishan Nü Er Cha (泰山女儿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba iTaishan ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba elithi «女儿茶»; iTaishan Lücha yigama elivikelwe kuso sonke isifunda.
• Taishan Hongcha (泰山红茶): Itiye elibomvu «eliwele»: umfakisicelo ofanayo nesimemezelo esifanayo, kodwa indawo iwuhlu lwezifunda eziyisithupha nezifunda, izigodi ezingama-29 nemizana engama-965, ngaphandle kwesifunda saseDongping.
• Rizhao Lü Cha (日照绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elingasogwini eningizimu-mpumalanga yeShandong.
• Laoshan Lü Cha (崂山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba iLaoshan ngaphansi kweQingdao.
• Yishui Lücha (沂水绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseYishui esifundeni saseLinyi, nalo elivela ohlelweni «ukuthutha itiye laseningizimu liye enyakatho».

Ekuphetheni:

ITaishan Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho elineminyaka engaphansi kwekhulu: entabeni engcwele itiye beliphuzwa kusukela ngezikhathi zikaTang, kodwa ukulitshala kwafundwa kuphela ngemva kuka-1952. Umbhalo wokuvikela unakekela inhlabathi ngendlela yasenyakatho — ukusetshenzwa okuthathu ngonyaka, inhlabathi yamahlathi ensundu, amathambeka anelanga — futhi mfushane ekubukekeni: ukusongeka okuminyene, iphunga le-castnut, ukunambitheka okusha nokugcwele.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №646

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo