yuèjì huā

Maluwa owuma a rose waku China ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha “m’malire” pa shelefu la FLOWERS AND DRY: yuèjì huā palokha si tsamba la tiyi, ndipo amalowa mu dongosolo la tiyi kokha ngati zopangira zonunkhira kapena ngati chigawo cha kuphatikiza ku maziko a tiyi okonzeka.

Malo m’gulu la magulu: chifukwa chake si “tiyi” m’lingaliro laling’ono

Tiyi wa maluwa (花茶, huā chá) ndi wa gulu la 再加工茶 (zài jiāgōng chá) - “tiyi wokonzedwanso”, kalasi yachisanu ndi chiwiri kunja kwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira (wobiriwira, woyera, wachikasu, 青/ulong, wofiira, wakuda). Mfundo ya kalasi iyi ndi yosavuta: pamatengedwa maziko a tiyi okonzeka kale - 茶坯 (chá pēi), nthawi zambiri 烘青绿茶 (hōngqīng lǜchá, tiyi wobiriwira wowumitsidwa m’ng’anjo), kawirikawiri maziko ofiira, a ulong kapena oyera, - ndipo amadzazidwa ndi fungo la maluwa amoyo kudzera munjira ya 窨 (yìn).

Kuchokera pano pamatuluka mfundo yofunika kwambiri: chinthu cha tiyi pano ndi maziko, osati maluwa. Mu track yathu ya masitayelo a maluwa mwatchulidwa padera kuti 菊花茶 (chrisanthemum) ndi 菊普 ndi zinthu za m’malire makamaka chifukwa chrisanthemum palokha si tsamba la tiyi. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa 月季花: kamwedwe ka maluwa okhaokha kuchokera ku masamba a rose waku China ndi chakumwa cha zitsamba, osati 花茶. Amakhala tiyi pokha m’mikhalidwe iwiri: monga wopereka fungo pa 窨 kapena monga chowonjezera ku 茶坯 mu kuphatikiza.

Chotsatira chachiwiri ndi cha mawu. Mndandanda wolembedwa wa mitundu ya 花茶, rose amaimiridwa ndi mzere 玫瑰花茶 (méiguī huā chá): maluwa - 重瓣红玫瑰 (chóngbàn hóng méiguī, rose wofiira wamaluwa ochuluka), mtundu wa 平阴 (Píngyīn); maziko - makamaka 红茶坯 (hóng chá pēi, tiyi wofiira), kawirikawiri wobiriwira; madera - 平阴 (Shandong) ndi Guangdong; mbiri - yamaluwa ndi yotsekemera, dzina lamalonda 玫瑰红茶 (méiguī hóngchá). Mbendera ya malo awa ndi M (market): ndi sitayelo yokhazikika yamalonda, osati gulu lokhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, monga 茉莉花茶 (mbendera O+A: mulingo wovomerezeka kuphatikiza mbiri ya maphunziro). Palibe mzere wapadera wa 月季花茶 mndandanda, ndipo kukhulupirika ndi kulingalira kuti uku ndi kusowa, osati kumanga mfundo zongopeka.

Botany: 月季, 玫瑰 ndi 蔷薇 - mayina atatu osiyana

Kusokonezeka kwa “rose” mu malonda achi China a zopangira maluwa kuli ndi maziko a botanical. M’Chitchaina amasiyanitsa magulu atatu:

• 月季 (yuèjì), Rosa chinensis, - “rose wa mwezi ndi mwezi”; mayina a anthu 月月红 (yuèyuè hóng) ndi 月月花 amasonyeza kubwereza kwa maluwa pafupifupi mosalekeza. Rose wamunda, wamaluwa ochuluka ndi maluwa akuluakulu amodzi, masamba osalala owala ndi minga yochepa ikuluikulu.
• 玫瑰 (méiguī), Rosa rugosa, - rose wa “makwinya” ndi tsamba lolimba lolimba, mphukira zokhala ndi minga yambiri, fungo lamphamvu lodziwika; ndiye amene amaimira zopangira zapamwamba za 玫瑰花茶.
• 蔷薇 (qiángwēi), rose amaluwa ambiri oluka, - maluwa ang’onoang’ono m’magulu, ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa ndi ngati mpanda wamoyo.

Mfundo yofunika mwachizolowezi: rose amakono amaluwa akuluakulu a “tea-hybrid” amachokera ku China Rosa chinensis, ndipo mzere umenewu ndi womwe unabweretsa ku European garden selection khalidwe la kubwereza maluwa. Chifukwa chake gawo lalikulu la “masamba a rose owuma” pamsika ndi la botanical la mzere wa 月季, koma amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina 玫瑰. Izi si chinyengo mwachilamulo, koma mgwirizano wamalonda wokhazikika m’mbiri, koma wogula ayenera kumvetsetsa: 平阴-mtundu wa 重瓣红玫瑰 ndi 月季 wamunda ndi zopangira zosiyana ndi fungo losiyana.

Zopangira, kukolola ndi kuumitsa

月季 ku China ndi chikhalidwe chokongoletsa poyamba: kubiriwira kwa mizinda, magulu a mapaki, kubzala pafupi ndi nyumba. Kuchokera pano pamatuluka malangizo awiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amachokera ku chikhalidwe cha nkhani, osati ku mulingo uliwonse:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya ndi tiyi kumafuna zopangira kuchokera ku minda yolimidwa kuti akolole maluwa, osati kuchokera ku kubzala kokongoletsa kwa anthu onse.
• Kulumikizana kwa terroir kofanana ndi 平阴 kwa 玫瑰 kapena 福州/横县 kwa jasmine sikunalembedwe kwa 月季花 mu track yathu; chofotokozera choyenera cha chinthu chotere ndi “maluwa owuma”, osati “tiyi wochokera”.

Kuumitsa kwa masamba kumayenda malinga ndi mfundo zonse za 干花 (gānhuā): kukolola pa siteji ya kutseguka theka, pamene masamba ali otsekedwa mwamphamvu, kuchotsa chinyezi mofulumira popanda kupsa (kuumitsa pamthunzi kapena kuumitsa m’ng’anjo yotsika kutentha), kukhazikika mpaka chinyezi chotsika, kenako kuyika m’matumba osalowa mpweya kutali ndi kuwala ndi fungo lakunja. Fungo la masamba a rose limatayika mosavuta, ndipo nkhaniyo imamwa chinyezi - izi ndizo zoopsa ziwiri zazikulu za kusunga.

Momwe 月季花 amalowera mwalamulo mu kapu ya tiyi

Kudzera mu 窨. Mfundo ya scenting ndi yofanana kwa 花茶 yonse: magawo a maluwa amoyo amasakanizidwa ndi maziko a tiyi owuma, tiyi amamwa zinthu zosakhazikika, maluwa ogwiritsidwa ntchito amachotsedwa, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, kuzungulira kumabwerezedwa. Mitundu yapamwamba ya jasmine - 茉莉龙珠, 茉莉银针, 茉莉大白毫 pa maziko a buds okhala ndi tsitsi loyera lalitali kuchokera ku 福州 ndi 横县 - amamangidwa pa 窨 yobwerezedwa kambirimbiri. Kwa mzere wa rose, msika unapita njira ina: malinga ndi mndandanda, maziko ndi makamaka 红茶坯, kuchokera pano sitayelo ya 玫瑰红茶; maziko otsekemera a tiyi wofiira amagwira bwino kamvekedwe ka rose - iyi ndi mfundo yamalonda, osati lamulo.

Kudzera mu kuphatikiza. Masamba owuma ndi masamba amawonjezeredwa ku tiyi wokonzeka m’mawonekedwe ndi fungo. Pano 月季花 amachita ngati chigawo chokongoletsa ndi chonunkhira - pafupifupi mofanana ndi momwe maluwa owuma amagwirira ntchito mu 工艺花茶 (gōngyì huā chá, tiyi “otseguka” ochokera ku 黄山 ndi 金华), kumene kumangirira pamanja kwa buds amodzi ndi maluwa owuma kumapereka kusintha kwa kutseguka mu galasi. Mu udindo uwu, sikuzama kwa mtundu komwe kuli kofunika, koma kuyera kwa mtundu, kukhazikika kwa bud, ndi kusowa kwa fumbi.

Miyezo: zomwe zinganenedwe ndi zomwe sizinganenedwe

Ponena za 花茶, mzere wa jasmine ndi wotetezedwa kwambiri ndi miyezo ndi mbiri (O+A). Mzere wa osmanthus (桂花茶 pa maziko obiriwira, a ulong kapena ofiira; 桂林/咸宁/苏州) ndi wa rose amapita ndi mbendera yamalonda M; mzere wa orchid woyera 白兰花茶 (Guangzhou/Suzhou) - ndi vendor V; 珠兰花茶 (歙县/徽州 ndi 福州) umakhala pa mzere wa maphunziro ndi mbiri A; 玳玳花茶 (Jiangsu-Zhejiang, wamandimu wowawa) ndi 柚子花茶 - malo a “community” C. Kwa 月季花 mu corpus yathu palibe mzere wa category wadziko lonse kapena nambala ya GB/T yomwe ingatchulidwe; kutchulidwa kulikonse kwa nambala yeniyeni m’makalata a chinthu cha maluwa amodzi a rose waku China kuyenera kuwerengedwa mosamala ndi kufufuzidwa kuti ndi ya category iti - kwa tiyi, kwa maluwa owuma, kapena kwa chinthu cha chakudya chambiri.

Kukoma, kamwedwe ndi kaphikidwe

Mbiri ya masamba owuma a 月季 ndi yofewa komanso “yobiriwira” kuposa ya Rosa rugosa: kuchepa kwa zonunkhira zolimba za perfume, kuchuluka kwa kutsekemera kwatsopano kwa masamba, kumapeto - kuwawa pang’ono kwa udzu kuchokera ku chitsulo cha maluwa ndi sepals.

Mchitidwe wa mkonzi:

• Kamwedwe ka maluwa okhaokha: masamba 3-5 pa 200-250 ml, madzi 85-90 °C, kutsanulira koyamba kwaufupi kwa mphindi 1-2. Madzi otentha kwambiri “amaphika” tsamba ndi kutulutsa kuwawa.
• Mu kuphatikiza ndi 红茶坯: gawo la maluwa ndi laling’ono - chitsogozo 5-10% pa kulemera, apo ayi fungo limaphimba maziko a malt.
• Ndi maziko obiriwira 烘青绿茶: kutentha kotsika (80-85 °C), apo ayi maluwa amalamulira pamwamba pa maziko ochepa.
• Osasiya nthawi yayitali: kamvekedwe ka rose kamachoka koyamba, pambuyo pake pamatsala kuwawa kowuma.

Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe

Mu ufumu wa maluwa wa China, 月季 ali ndi udindo 花中皇后 (huā zhōng huánghòu) - “mfumukazi pakati pa maluwa”, mosiyana ndi peony-”mfumu” 花王. Kutchuka kwake kunabwera osati chifukwa cha fungo, koma chifukwa cha kusatopa: dzina 月月红 limatanthauza “amafiira mwezi uliwonse”. Uwu ndi maluwa wa minda ndi mabwalo, osati wa mafakitale a tiyi; adalowa mu zizindikiro za mizinda ya mizinda ingapo ya China ndipo adakhala chimodzi mwa zopereka zazikulu za China ku kusankha kwa minda yapadziko lonse.

Ndiye chifukwa chake mbiri yake ya tiyi ndi yochepa. Kununkhira kwachikale kwa tiyi ku China kumamangidwa pa maluwa ndi kamvekedwe kamphamvu kosakhazikika - jasmine (“窨得茉莉无上味”), osmanthus, 白兰, 珠兰. Rose waku China sanalowe mu mzere uwu: fungo lake ndi losakhwima ndipo “sakhala” bwino pa tsamba la tiyi.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang’ana pogula

1. Maonekedwe a bud. Kwa Rosa rugosa (mtundu wa 平阴) bud ndi yolimba, yofupikitsa-yooneka ngati dzira, ndi sepals okhuthala; kwa 月季 - yotalikirapo, ndi khosi lalitali la chitsulo cha maluwa ndi sepal wochepa.
2. Tsamba ndi minga pa mphukira (ngati mu gulu pali zidutswa): tsamba la makwinya lopanda kuwala ndi minga yambiri - 玫瑰; tsamba losalala lowala ndi minga yochepa ikuluikulu - 月季.
3. Fungo la zopangira zowuma. Lolimba, la “perfume”, lotsekemera ndi lonunkhira - méiguī; lowala, la masamba atsopano, lotayika mofulumira - yuèjì.
4. Werengani zomwe akukugulitsirani. “Rose + maziko a tiyi” - iyi ndi 再加工茶, ndipo pamenepo maziko ayenera kulembedwa (红茶坯 kapena 烘青绿茶). Maluwa okha - awa ndi maluwa owuma, osati tiyi.
5. Zizindikiro za kuumitsa koyipa. Mphepete za masamba zofiirira, zidutswa pansi pa thumba, fungo la udzu kapena chinyezi, masamba omata - zopangirazo ziumitsidwa mopitirira, zatenthedwa kapena zanyowa posunga.
6. Kukayikira za “chiyambi”. Kwa mzere wa rose, terroir ndi yomveka kwa 平阴 (Shandong) ndi Guangdong; kwa 月季花 malonjezo akuluakulu a geographical, monga lamulo, ndi malonda.

Chotsatira: 月季花 akuyenera kusungidwa pa shelefu la FLOWERS AND DRY ndi label yomveka - maluwa okongola, ofunika m’mbiri ya China, oyenera ngati accent ku maziko ofiira kapena obiriwira a tiyi, koma osati category yodziyimira payokha ya 花茶 komanso osati m’malo mwa méiguī.

the teas described here are available from teamotea