kāngnǎixīn

Dianthus ndi imodzi mwa maluwa owuma odziwika bwino kwambiri pamashelufu a madipatimenti a “tiyi”, koma mu kanoni ya Chitchaina ya 花茶 palibe: mu kaundula wathu wa kafukufuku wa mitundu khumi ya 花茶 康乃馨 sapezeka ngakhale mzere umodzi. Pansipa pali chifukwa chake izi zidachitika, komwe kungayikidwe mwachilungamo mu gulu lake, ndi momwe mungasiyanitsire maluwa owuma ndi tiyi weniweni wonunkhiritsidwa.

Komwe 康乃馨 imayima mu gulu

Dongosolo la Chitchaina limayika 花茶 mu 再加工茶 (zài jiā gōng chá) — gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri, lomwe lili kunja kwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira. Mawu ofunikira pano ndi “kukonzanso”: 花茶 si chomera chodziyimira pawokha, koma ntchito yochitidwa pa tiyi wokonzedwa kale. 花茶 iliyonse yovomerezeka imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunikira:

1. 茶坯 (chá pēi) — maziko a tiyi. Nthawi zambiri 烘青绿茶 (hōng qīng lǜ chá, tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa ndi kutentha), kawirikawiri wofiira, wulong, kapena woyera.
2. Duwa, lomwe limapereka fungo lake ku maziko panthawi ya 窨 (yìn) — kudzaza ndi fungo.

Dianthus sadutsa pa mfundo yoyamba kapena yachiwiri. Si tsamba la tiyi, ndipo mu kaundula mulibe chinthu chimodzi cholembedwa chomwe 康乃馨 idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati duwa la tiyi pa 窨制. Chitsanzo chapafupi kwambiri mkati mwa kaundula ndi 菊花 (chrysanthemum), yolembedwa ngati nkhani yapamphepete ndi chenjezo lachindunji: 菊花 yokha si tsamba la tiyi, ndipo 菊普 (jú pǔ, chrysanthemum kuphatikiza 普洱熟) ndi kuphatikiza, osati tiyi wa 窨. Dianthus imayima kutali kwambiri ndi pakati: chrysanthemum ili ndi gulu lokhazikika pamsika ndi madera (黄山, 杭白菊), koma 康乃馨 mu njira ya kafukufuku ilibe dera, maziko, kapena mbiri.

Lingaliro lothandiza pa lebulo: 康乃馨 iyenera kuwerengedwa ngati duwa lowuma, kutanthauza kuti ndi chakumwa cha zitsamba, osati tiyi. Ngati palemba pali “花茶”, fufuzani tsamba la tiyi mu zopangira — popanda ilo ndi maluwa owuma okhala ndi mapangidwe a tiyi.

Chifukwa chake kanoni idapangidwa popanda dianthus

Mndandanda wa maluwa omwe adalowa mu mwambo wachi China wa kudzaza ndi fungo ndi waufupi modabwitsa ndipo wogwirizana kwambiri ndi ulimi wa maluwa wa m’madera:

duwa	汉字	maziko	dera
jasmine	茉莉 (单/双瓣)	烘青绿茶 (chachikulu)	福州 / 横县 / 苏州 / 广西
osmanthus	金桂 / 银桂 / 丹桂	wobiriwira, wulong, wofiira	桂林 / 咸宁 / 苏州
rozi	重瓣红玫瑰, 平阴	makamaka wofiira, kawirikawiri wobiriwira	平阴 (山东) / 广东
magnolia	白兰	烘青绿茶	广州 / 苏州
chloranthus	珠兰 (金粟兰)	烘青绿茶	歙县 (徽州) / 福州
daidai	玳玳花	烘青绿茶	江浙
manyuchi	柚子花	烘青绿茶	福建 / 广东

Wopambana kwambiri pano ndi 茉莉花茶, mtundu wokhawo mu kaundula wokhala ndi mbendera ziwiri O+A (yovomerezeka/yokhazikika kuphatikiza maphunziro). Za iye amanena mwambi wakuti “窨得茉莉无上味” (yìn dé mòlì wú shàng wèi) — tiyi wodzazidwa ndi jasmine alibe fungo loposa, — ndipo mbiri yake imafotokozedwa ndi formula 鲜灵浓醇 (xiān líng nóng chún): kutsitsimuka, “kuphulika” kwa fungo, kukhuthala, kufewa kokwanira. Mitundu yapamwamba — 茉莉龙珠, 茉莉银针, 茉莉大白毫 — imapangidwa pa maziko a masamba aang’ono okhala ndi ubweya wambiri (高白毫) ndipo amayendetsedwa kudzera mu kudzaza kobwerezabwereza; mbendera ya msika ya gulu ili ndi M.

Ndiko kubwerezabwereza komwe kumafotokozera chifukwa chake mndandanda wa maluwa ndi wopapatiza chonchi. Pamafunika duwa lomwe, mu gawo linalake la kutseguka, limatulutsa fungo mwamphamvu ndi kwa nthawi yayitali mu tsamba lowuma lomwe lili pafupi, ndipo limachita izi mobwerezabwereza, gulu ndi gulu, pamlingo wa mafakitale, pafupi ndi mafamu a tiyi. Jasmine wa 福州 ndi 横县, 白兰 wa 广州, 珠兰 wa 歙县 — awa ndi maubwenzi a mbiri yakale a “chigawo cha maluwa — fakitale ya tiyi”, ndipo pa nkhani ya 珠兰花茶 amabwerera ku mwambo wakale wa 徽州 (mbendera A). 康乃馨 idalowa m’chinenero cha Chitchaina mwanjira ina: dzinalo lenileni ndi kumasulira kwa mawu kuchokera ku chiyankhulo cha ku Ulaya carnation, mosiyana ndi maina a chikhalidwe monga 茉莉, 桂花, 玳玳. Duwa lopanda chigawo cha tiyi kumbuyo kwake silinalowe mu kanoni ya 再加工茶.

Malo okhawo ovomerezeka mu kanoni: 工艺花茶

Mu kaundula muli gulu limodzi lomwe dianthus wouma amalowamo mwachilengedwe popanda chinyengo — 工艺花茶 / 开花茶 (gōng yì huā chá, tiyi wopangidwa mwaluso, 黄山 / 金华). Njira yake imafotokozedwa mwachindunji ngati 干花 + 绿茶芽: maluwa owuma ndi masamba amodzi obiriwira (单芽), omangidwa pamanja (手工捆扎) kukhala chithunzi chomwe chimatseguka mu kapu. Ntchito ya gulu ili mu kaundula imanenedwa mwachilungamo — kukongoletsa.

Ndiye kuti ngati 康乃馨 imapezeka mu chinthu chomwe chingatchedwe mwalamulo 花茶, ndiye ngati gawo la chomangira chomwe chimagwira ntchito yowonetsera, osati monga chonyamula fungo. Iyi si tiyi wa 窨: kukoma kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi maziko a masamba obiriwira, ndipo duwa limapereka mawonekedwe, mtundu, ndi fungo lochepa. Mbendera ya gulu lotere ndi M (msika), osati O (mulingo) kapena A (mwambo wamaphunziro).

Miyezo: zomwe tinganene ndi zomwe sitinganene

Pano mkonzi ayenera kukhala wotopetsa. Mu njira yathu, mbendera yovomerezeka-yokhazikika O imanyamulidwa ndi 茉莉花茶 yokha — chinthu chokhala ndi 茶坯 ndi 窨制. Palibe nambala ya GB/T yomwe imatchula 康乃馨 mu nkhani ya tiyi yomwe gwero la kafukufuku limapereka — ndipo sitipeka yabodza: ngati nambala siyidziwika, siyitchulidwa.

Zomwe zikutanthauza pa shelefu:

• chitsimikizo cha 花茶 chimayang’ana maziko a tiyi ndi zotsatira za kudzaza, osati “maluwa angati akukongola pamwamba”;
• chinthu chopangidwa ndi dianthus yokha sichikugwirizana ndi chimango ichi ndipo chimawerengedwa ngati duwa lowuma;
• kuphatikiza kwa “dianthus kuphatikiza tiyi” ndi kuphatikiza (malinga ndi logic ya 菊普), ndipo kunena kuti ndi 窨-花茶 sikulondola.

Momwe amaphikira izi pochita

Popeza tikulankhula za duwa lowuma, osati tiyi, njira yachilungamo ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito 康乃馨 ngati chowonjezera ku 花茶 yokonzedwa kale kapena ku maziko oyera, osati monga “mtundu” wodziyimira pawokha. Pansipa pali malangizo a mkonzi, osati malamulo ovomerezeka.

• Logic ya kusankha maziko. Mu kanoni, maziko ofiira (红茶坯) mwakale amatengedwa pa rozi (玫瑰红茶) — amagwira bwino fungo lakuda la maluwa ndi kutsekemera. Kwa dianthus, logic yomweyi ikuwoneka yoyenera kwambiri: tiyi wofiira wokhuthala sagwa pansi pa duwa lowuma. Maziko obiriwira a 烘青, mosiyana, ndi osakhwima kwambiri ndipo amaphimbidwa mosavuta ndi duwa.
• Mlingo. Duwa ndi chowonjezera: maluwa ochepa pa gawo limodzi, apo ayi chakumwa chimapita ku “fungo lamafuta” ndi kuuma kowawa kwa masamba.
• Madzi ndi nthawi. Maziko ofiira — madzi pafupifupi otentha kwambiri, kutsanulira kwaufupi; maziko obiriwira — kufatsa kutentha ndi kufupikitsa nthawi, kuti musatulutse kuwawa kochuluka kuchokera ku tsamba.
• Galasi. Ngati dianthus imagwira ntchito yokongoletsa (logic ya 工艺花茶), chotengera chiyenera kukhala chowonekera: tanthauzo la chinthucho ndi kutseguka kwa chomangira mu kapu.

Sitipanga zonenazo zilizonse zokhudza ubwino, katundu, kapena zotsatira: izi zili kunja kwa udindo wa encyclopedia ya tiyi.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire: mndandanda wa wogula

1. Kodi pali tsamba la tiyi. 花茶 yeniyeni ndi tiyi choyamba: 烘青绿茶, kawirikawiri maziko ofiira, wulong, kapena oyera. Paketi yomwe ili ndi maluwa okha ndi maluwa owuma.
2. Kodi maziko atchulidwa. Wopanga wachilungamo amalemba 茶坯: wobiriwira, wofiira, wulong. “Tiyi wa maluwa” popanda kutchula maziko ndi chizindikiro chodetsa nkhawa.
3. Kodi 窨 watchulidwa. Mawu ofunikira a teknoloji ndi 窨制, ndipo pa mkulu — kudzaza kobwerezabwereza (monga 茉莉龙珠, 银针, 大白毫). Kuphatikiza ndi maluwa owuma sagwiritsa ntchito mawu awa chifukwa alibe ufulu.
4. Kodi pali dera lokhala ndi mbiri ya tiyi. 福州, 横县, 苏州, 广西 — kwa jasmine; 桂林, 咸宁, 苏州 — kwa osmanthus; 平阴 — kwa rozi; 歙县 — kwa 珠兰; 广州 — kwa 白兰. Kwa 康乃馨 mu njira ya kafukufuku kulibe dera konse, ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro chosavuta kwambiri.
5. Ndani amanyamula fungo. Mu tiyi wa 窨 fungo limakhala mu tsamba: maluwa owuma sangawonekere kwenikweni, koma chakumwa chimaphulika (鲜灵). Mu kuphatikiza fungo limakhala m’duwa: chotsani ilo ndipo tiyi wopanda dzina atsala.
6. Mbendera ya gwero. Dziwitseni nokha chimene chimatsimikizira chinthu: mulingo ndi mbiri (O+A, monga 茉莉花茶), msika (M, monga 桂花, 玫瑰, 工艺花茶), wogulitsa (V, monga 白兰花茶), kapena kungokambirana kwa anthu (C, monga 玳玳, 柚子花, 菊普). 康乃馨 mu nkhani ya tiyi sinakwerepo pamwamba pa mlingo wa C/V.

Mwachidule

康乃馨 ndi duwa lowuma lovomerezeka ndi lokongola, koma si 花茶 ndipo si tiyi. Malo ake ali pafupi ndi 菊花: m’malo apamphepete, kumene zinthu sizikhala tsamba la tiyi, ndipo chinthucho chimakhala kuphatikiza kapena chokongoletsa. Kwa owerenga a THE TEA izi si chilango, koma chida cholondola: poyitchula zinthu ndi maina awo enieni — 窨制花茶, kuphatikiza, maluwa owuma, 工艺花茶 — timasunga tanthauzo la gulu lenileni la 再加工茶, momwe tiyi wa jasmine umakhalabe nambala wani moyenerera.

the teas described here are available from teamotea