I-Zhonglu Gongcha (Zhōnglù gòngchá, 忠路贡茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobhaneni laseZhonglu (忠路镇) elisifundeni sasedolobheni i-Lichuan (利川市) e-Enshi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseHubei. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sejografi se-CNIPA No. 61888753. Imithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe ichaza i-Zhonglu Gongcha njengetiye eliluhlaza eliphilayo lezinga eliphezulu, idolobhana elakha ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi “yonke indawo iyikhemikhali yemvelo”. Igama elithi “Gongcha” lisho “itiye lenkantolo”, isiqu sokuhlonishwa, hhayi ibanga: idolobhana lidume “njengendawo yokuzalwa kwetiye lentela”, kodwa ubufakazi balolu hlelo lwentela abutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
1. Izigaba kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Ibanga aliqanjwanga embhalweni wophawu, kodwa embikweni wephephandaba i-Nongcun Xinbao (农村新报) yangomhla zingama-21 kuNhlaba 2025: idolobhana “lakha uhlobo lwetiye eliluhlaza eliphilayo lezinga eliphezulu elibizwa nge ‘忠路贡茶’” (打造高端有机绿茶品牌). Umbhalo wophawu onencazelo yomkhiqizo angikaze ngiwubone.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliphilayo lase-Enshi (ngokwesichaziso sedolobhana); uphawu lwesitifiketi sejografi.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), i-Enshi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture (恩施, Ēnshī), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Lichuan (利川, Lìchuān), idolobhana i-Zhonglu (忠路, Zhōnglù).
- Indawo: Umbhalo wezobhaliso uxhuma uphawu nesifunda sasedolobheni i-Lichuan; angikaze ngibone indawo ethile yokukhiqiza kanye nemingcele yayo esemthethweni. Imithombo yezindaba ikhuluma ngetiye lasedolobhaneni laseZhonglu.
- Ukuxhumanisa ngokwejografi: Isikhungo se-Lichuan cishe singu-30.3° enyakatho kanye no-108.9° empumalanga; izixhumanisi zedolobhana azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- “Indawo yokuzalwa kwentela”. Iphephandaba i-Nongcun Xinbao (2025) libhala ukuthi i-Zhonglu kudala yaduma “njengendawo yokuzalwa kwetiye lentela leminyaka eyinkulungwane” (千年贡茶之乡). Angikaze ngithole imibhalo yentela evela eZhonglu, ngakho angilisho isikhathi noma izimo.
- Uphawu. Igama elithi “忠路贡茶” libhaliswe njengophawu lwesitifiketi sejografi No. 61888753. Uphawu luvela embikweni wezinkomba zejografi zase-Hubei wango-2023 kanye nasembikweni wezimpawu zokuthengisa wesifundazwe wango-2025; usuku lokubhalisa kanye nomnikazi akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2025. Ngokwe-Nongcun Xinbao, idolobhana lenza isu “lokukhiqiza ngemvelo kuyo yonke indawo” (全域有机) futhi lisekelwe ezicini ezine: “okuluhlaza, okungcolileyo, okuphilayo, okucebile nge-selenium” (绿色、生态、有机、富硒).
- Igama: Elithi “Zhonglu” (忠路) yigama ledolobhana; elithi “gongcha” (贡茶) lisho “itiye lentela”, itiye elalithunyelwa enkantolo.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Zhonglu iyingxenye yendawo ye-Lichuan Hong, itiye elibomvu lesifunda sasedolobheni esifanayo. Ngakho idolobhana elilodwa limele amagama amabili: itiye eliluhlaza i-Zhonglu Gongcha kanye netiye elibomvu i-Lichuan Hong.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir Kanye Nezici Zokulima
- Isifunda: Izintaba ezisentshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei, isifunda sasedolobheni i-Lichuan.
- Ubukhulu bengadi: Ngokwe-Nongcun Xinbao (ngoNhlaba 2025) kanye newebhusayithi ye-Renmin Wang (ngoMandulo 2025), izingadi zetiye zedolobhana zithatha ama-mu angu-55 000.
- Ukulima okuphilayo: Ngokwe-Nongcun Xinbao, izingadi ezingama-mu angu-6 000 zezinkampani zetiye eziyisithupha zithole isitifiketi soguquko sokukhiqiza okuphilayo, kanti izinkampani zetiye eziyisishiyagalolunye zisiza ekwandiseni imali engenayo yemindeni engaphezu kwe-10 000 yabalimi betiye; isamba sokukhiqizwa kwetiye ngo-2024, ngokwaleli phephandaba, sadlula ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-200.
- Ingadi yaseYangjiapo (杨家坡): Ngokwalo mbiko, izungezwe ibhande lamahlathi lokuvikela elingaphezu kwama-mu angama-600; engadini, kanye netiye, kukhula izihlahla ezingaphezu kwe-40 000 ze-houpo (厚朴, Magnolia officinalis), isitshalo sokwelapha, kanye nezihlahla ze-yew ezingaphezu kwe-8 000 (红豆杉, uhlobo lwe-Taxus), izitshalo zesigaba sokuqala sokuvikelwa kukahulumeni. Iphephandaba libala izitifiketi zengadi zokukhiqiza okuphilayo zaseSwitzerland, i-European Union, i-United States ne-China kanye nesitifiketi se-biodynamic i-Demeter. Ngokwe-Renmin Wang (ngoMandulo 2025), ingadi yasungulwa yinkampani ezimele yetiye ngophawu lwayo endaweni eyayishiywe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, kanti ibhande lamahlathi, i-houpo kanye nama-yew kwatshalwa yibhizinisi ngokwalo, ukuze kube nomthunzi, ukuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni kanye nomoya ohlanzekile. Ukuthi itiye lale ngadi liphuma ngaphansi kophawu “忠路贡茶” akushiwongo emithonjeni.
- Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, umhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Umbhalo wobuchwepheshe be-Zhonglu Gongcha angikaze ngiwubone. Ngetiye eliluhlaza, ukulandelana okuvamile kanje:
- Ukuphumula kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
- Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa ukuxubana kwe-oxidation futhi kulondoloza umbala oluhlaza.
- Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
Lesi yisikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Zhonglu Gongcha.
6. Izimpawu Zokuhlola
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lotshwala: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukunambitheka: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wotshwala: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe): Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane yamakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele. Idolobhana libiza “ukuceba nge-selenium” njengenye yezimpawu zetiye laso, kodwa izibalo zokuqukethwe kwe-selenium azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukumnika kokuqala, emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Phinda ukuthela kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasishini elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo Kanye Nokugwema Ama-Mbumbulu
Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukwazi ukugwema ama-mbumbulu:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sejografi “忠路贡茶” (No. 61888753).
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela edolobhaneni laseZhonglu esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Lichuan.
- Imvelaphi ephilayo iqinisekiswa kuphela yisitifiketi esinenombolo, hhayi igama elithi “organic” ephasishini.
- Igama elithi “贡茶” egameni ngokwalo aliqinisekisi lutho: isiqu “setiye lentela” sisetshenziswa amatiye amaningi.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Edolobhaneni elilodwa kuhlangana itiye eliluhlaza i-Zhonglu Gongcha kanye nendawo yetiye elibomvu i-Lichuan Hong.
- Ngokwe-Renmin Wang, ingadi yaseYangjiapo edolobhaneni laseZhonglu ngoMbasa 2022 yaba ibhizinisi lokuqala letiye e-China elinesitifiketi se-Demeter.
- Engadini yaseYangjiapo, itiye likhula phakathi kwama-yew, izitshalo zesigaba sokuqala sokuvikelwa kukahulumeni, kanye nezihlahla ze-houpo, okuyizithako zomuthi wendabuko waseShayina.
12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ase-Enshi
- I-Lichuan Hong (利川红): Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lesifunda sasedolobheni esifanayo; idolobhana i-Zhonglu liyingxenye yendawo yalo.
- I-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda eliqiniswa ngomusi (蒸青, zhēngqīng).
- I-Wujiatai Gong Cha (伍家台贡茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Xuan’en sesifunda esifanayo, elinye “itiye lentela” lase-Enshi.
- I-Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Isambulela sesifunda samatiye acebile nge-selenium; i-Zhonglu Gongcha ayibalwa ohlwini lwayo lwemikhiqizo eyisishiyagalombili.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Zhonglu Gongcha itiye eliluhlaza eliphilayo lasedolobhaneni laseZhonglu e-Lichuan, igama lalo livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi. Okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngaye yimininingwane yezomnotho: amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-mu ezingadi, izitifiketi zokukhiqiza okuphilayo, ingadi yaseYangjiapo phakathi kwama-yew nezihlahla ze-houpo. Ukubukeka kwetiye, uhlobo lwaso kanye nobuchwepheshe akukachazwa emithonjeni etholakele, kanti umlando “wentela” igama elisekelwe kuwo okwamanje usalokhu kuyigama nje, hhayi umbhalo.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo