Yúnnán yánchá · thetea.app

I-Yunnan Yancha (Yúnnán yánchá, 云南岩茶) — «itiye lase-Yunnan lasemadwaleni»: igama okwahlongozwa ngalo ngo-2024 ukubhalisa uphawu lwendawo yetiye yesifunda sase-Bangdong (邦东乡) esifundeni sase-Linxiang kumasipala we-Lincang, esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. Izihlahla ezindala zase-Bangdong zikhula phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu, izimpande zingena emifantwini, okuyikhona okwenza kuthiwe «岩茶». Lokhu akulona uphawu olubhalisiwe futhi akusilo ngisho isicelo esifakiwe: uphiko lwezolimo lwamasipala luphendule ngokuthi igama elithi «云南岩茶» alifakiwe ezinhlelweni, kanti elincane elithi «邦东岩茶» lingafakwa isicelo uma sekuzoqoqwa imibhalo yomlando. Leli gama lihlobene ne-wulong yase-Wuyishan ngegama kuphela.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunqunywanga. Umbhalo obizela isigaba awukho, futhi alukho ngisho uphawu uqobo. Imibhalo yetiye ibhala nge-Bangdong njengendawo yamapu-er e-Sigui ne-Nahan; «岩茶» lapha wumfanekiso «wetiye emadwaleni», hhayi ukubhekisela ku-wulong yase-Wuyishan.
Isigaba: Igama elihlongozwayo lophawu lwendawo; ngokwempendulo yeziphathimandla ka-2024, isicelo asikafakwa.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), umasipala we-Lincang (临沧, Líncāng), isifunda sase-Linxiang (临翔区, Línxiáng qū), isifunda sase-Bangdong (邦东乡, Bāngdōng xiāng).
Indawo: Ayigunyaziwe. Uphiko lwezolimo lubhala ukuthi nge-«云南岩茶» kunzima ukudweba umngcele wendawo yokuvela. Umbhalo wetiye ka-2020 ubiza izivande ezindala zesifunda ezigodini eziyisikhombisa zokuphatha: i-Bangdong (邦东), i-Mangang (曼岗), i-Bangbao (邦包), i-Heping (和平), i-Zhangzhen (璋珍), i-Weiping (卫平) ne-Tuanshan (团山).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Imibhalo emidala. Umbhalo wetiye ka-2019 ucaphuna «Umlando Wesifunda sase-Mianning» (《缅宁县志》): phakathi kwamatiye esifunda sase-Bangdong, amanlu (蛮鹿) no-xigui (锡规) adume kakhulu, futhi itiye lase-manlu lingcono ngombala nangokunambitheka kunakwezinye izindawo. «Umlando Wesifunda sase-Lincang» (《临沧县志》), ngokwalowo mbhalo, ugqamisa itiye lase-mangliu (忙六) esifundeni sase-Bangdong: liqinile, lihlanzekile, limelana nokuthelwa kamanzi amaningi. Imibhalo uqobo angizange ngiyibone.
- 2023. Ngo-5 Novemba ihhovisi likahulumeni wase-Lincang lakhipha uhlelo lokuthuthukisa imboni yetiye (临政办字〔2023〕106号) olunezinjongo eziyinhloko eziyishumi nanhlanu. Eyeshumi — amagama etiye anophawu lwendawo: ngo-2025 ngaphezu kwayishumi. Isifunda sase-Linxiang sakhetha amagama amane okubhalisa: «临翔昔归茶», «马台岩茶», «南美坡脚茶» kanye ne-«临翔白茶».
- 2024 — isiphakamiso. Esigungwini sesithathu soMkhandlu Wokubonisana Wezombangazwe Wabantu bomasipala wesihlanu, elinye lamalungu lawo lafaka isiphakamiso esingu-№ 05030198 — sokufaka isicelo se-«云南岩茶» njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Ingqikithi: ngokusekelwe emvelweni nasembonini yetiye yase-Bangdong, ukubhalisa uphawu lwesitifiketi se-«云南岩茶» noma se-«邦东岩茶», nokwakha uphawu lomphakathi olujwayelekile.
- 25 Juni 2024 — impendulo. Uphiko lwezolimo lwase-Lincang ngokubheka umbono wophiko lokuqondisa imakethe (临农函〔2024〕35号) lubalule izimo. Nge-«云南岩茶» umfakisicelo udinga imvume kahulumeni wesifundazwe kanye namarekhodi ku-«Yearbook yase-Yunnan», «Umlando Wesifundazwe sase-Yunnan» noma eminye imibhalo enegunya; ukuze kuvikelwe umkhiqizo onophawu — imibhalo yomlando okungenani yeminyaka engama-30, ukuze kutholakale uphawu lwesitifiketi — yeminyaka emi-3 kanye nencwadi kahulumeni wesifundazwe enesitembu mayelana nomngcele wendawo yokuvela. Nge-«邦东岩茶» izimo ziyefana, kodwa ezingeni lesifunda sase-Linxiang. Isiphetho: «云南岩茶» okwamanje ayifakiwe ezinjongweni zomasipala — umngcele kunzima ukuwudweba, imvume yesifundazwe kunzima ukuyithola, imibhalo yomlando ayanele; «邦东岩茶» ingafakwa isicelo lapho uphawu selukhulile, futhi imibhalo isiphelele.
- 2025. Ngo-21 Meyi, ngoSuku Lwetiye Lomhlaba, uhulumeni wesifunda sase-Bangdong washicilela indaba nge-«邦东茶»: izihlahla zetiye namatshe lapha, ngokusho kwawo, «zihlala ndawonye» (茶树与岩石共生).
Igama: 云南 — isifundazwe, 岩茶 — itiye «lasemadwaleni» noma «lasematsheni». E-Wuyishan lokhu kubizwa nge-wulong, i-Wuyi Yancha; e-Bangdong, ngokwemibhalo nangokushicilelwa kwesifunda, — itiye lezihlahla ezindala ezikhula phakathi kwamadwala. Isifunda sicaphuna «I-Canon yetiye» ka-Lu Yu: itiye elingcono kakhulu likhula phezu kwemfucumfucu yamatshe (上者生烂石).
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Umbhalo ka-2019 ulandisa nge-«zimangaliso ezintathu zase-Bangdong»: izihlahla zamakhulu eminyaka, izimpande zazo ezingena etsheni; izintaba ezinamadwala amangalisayo; kanye namatiye ngokwawo i-Sigui ne-Nahan. Kusukela lapho kuvela nesisho sendawo esithi «岩韵花香» — «inkulumo yamadwala nephunga lezimbali».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Umbhalo ka-2019 ngokubhekisa ku-«Amanothi Ngemvelo yase-Lincang» (《临沧风物志》) uhlukanisa izitshalo zetiye zesifunda ngezasendle, ezilinywayo nezilethwayo. Ezasendle — zingaphezu kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo eziyishumi, phakathi kwazo i-红山茶, i-大树茶, i-香果叶茶, i-牛皮茶 ne-老苦茶.
Isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke: Ngokwalowo mbhalo, sikhula endaweni yase-曼干大箐地: ubude buyi-9,94 m, indawo yomqhele ingama-60,5 m², ukuzungeza esisekelweni kuyi-1,45 m, iminyaka cishe engama-250, sivunwa ngokwesilinganiso amakhilogremu angama-250 amaqabunga amasha ngonyaka.
Iminyaka yezivande: Umbhalo ka-2020 ulinganisela isilinganiso seminyaka yezihlahla ezindala zasedolobhaneni lase-Bangdong kwengama-300–500 — ngaphezu kweminyaka yesihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke ngokombhalo wangaphambili. Ukungqubuzana imithombo ayikuchazi.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe nokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Impumalanga yesifunda sase-Linxiang, ngase-Lancang; enyakatho ye-Bangdong, ngokombhalo ka-2020, kunezindawo zetiye zesifunda sase-Yunxian.
Ukuphakama: Izivande ezindala zesifunda — ku-730–2180 m (umbhalo ka-2020). Omunye umbhalo walowo nyaka unikeza isithombe esihlukile: itiye litshalwa kufika ku-2000 m, kanti iningi lezihlahla ezindala likhula ku-800–1300 m. Ukuthi yikuphi ukulinganisa okunembe kakhudlwana, akunakunqunywa ngokwemithombo etholakele.
Amatshe: Ngokombhalo ka-2020, ezivandeni ezindala zasedolobhaneni lase-Bangdong kukhona amatshe amakhulu yonke indawo, kanti izihlahla zingena ngokujulile ngezimpande emifantwini. Isifunda sibhala ukuthi izimpande zithola ukudla okunamaminerali emadwaleni agugulekile; azikho izilinganiso zalesi sitatimende.
Isimo sezulu: Nge-Bangdong umbhalo ka-2020 ubiza cishe ama-1500 mm emvula ngonyaka, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo elingu-21 °C kanye nokuminyana kwehlathi okungama-52,5 %.
Indawo: Ngokwalowo mbhalo, idolobhana lase-Bangdong linama-mu angaphezu kuka-5000 ezivande kanye namathani angaba ngu-80 etiye ngonyaka, kuwo angama-30 — avela ezihlahleni ezindala.
Inhlabathi: Ayikho incazelo esemthethweni. Umbhalo wesibili ka-2020 ubhala ukuthi emigqonyeni egugulekile yesihlabathi kanye negwadle kwaqhamuka inhlabathi ebomvu yezintaba (山地红壤, 赤红壤) — ethambile, ekhipha amanzi kahle futhi ene-asidi encane; ukuhlaziywa akukunikezi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Abukho ubuchwepheshe «betiye lase-Yunnan lasemadwaleni»: alukho uphawu, alukho nezinga. Itiye lase-Bangdong imibhalo ilichaza njenge-pu-er; uma igama liyoke linikezelwe ku-sheng pu-er, uhlelo olujwayelekile lulolu:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Ukupholisa amaqabunga (摊晾, tānliàng).
Ukuqinisa ebhodweni (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, shàigān): Kutholakala i-maocha exegayo (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá).
Ukucindezela (紧压, jǐnyā): Akudingekile.

Lolu wuhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Yunnan Yancha.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Izincazelo ezingezansi umbhalo wetiye ka-2020 uzinikeza ngetiye lezihlahla ezindala zasedolobhaneni lase-Bangdong; akekho ozihlobanise ngokusemthethweni negama elithi «云南岩茶».

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuluhlaza okumnyama, imiqumbe namaqabunga kunanyama, isihloko somqumbe sihle, iqabunga licwebezela ngamafutha.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzo: Iphunga lezimbali eligqamile, limnandi, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile; phansi enkomishini — uju oluqina. Ukushicilelwa kwesifunda kwango-2025 kukhuluma nge-«inkulumo yamadwala nephunga lezimbali» nangamathoni oju ephunga.
Ukunambitheka: Ubuhlungu, ngokombhalo, abukho, ukuvutha kulula; umsindo omude emphinjeni, ukukhiqizwa kwamathe okuqinile nokubuya okumnandi, ukubanda emphinjeni. Ukushicilelwa kwesifunda kubhala ukuthi umhluzo «uqinile njengedwala», kanti ukubuya okumnandi «kuthambile njengefu».
Umbala womhluzo: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Kuluhlaza okukhanyayo, kunwebekayo, kunokucwebezela okuhle.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane yemizimba namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo ka-2020 uthi ama-amino acid etiyeni lase-Bangdong maningi kunokuvamile etiyeni lase-Yunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu, kodwa awanikezi izibalo.

8. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba asinqunywanga; izinkomba ezingezansi ngeze-sheng pu-er, okuyilo itiye lase-Bangdong elichazwe ngalo emibhalweni.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 5–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye; elicindezelweyo — lihlephule ngokucophelela, ungalichobozi iqabunga.
3. Geza iqabunga kafushane ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachithe.
4. Imihluzo yokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–15.
5. Thela konke.
6. Yandisa isikhathi ngokuthelwa ngakunye.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. I-sheng pu-er igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya omuhle ngaphandle kokukhanya nephunga langaphandle, emaphaketheni aphefumulayo; ivame ukugcinwa iminyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Uzivikela kanjani emgunyathini:
- Khumbula ukuthi ngosuku lwempendulo yeziphathimandla (25 Juni 2024) akukho «云南岩茶» noma «邦东岩茶» okubhalisiwe njengophawu lwendawo: umbhalo osemaphaketheni uyigama lokuhweba, hhayi igama elivikelwe.
- Ungadidanisi ne-Wuyi Yancha: lapho kuyi-wulong enophawu nezinga, lapha izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-pu-er ezingenalo uphawu.
- Funa emaphaketheni indawo ethile — isifunda sase-Bangdong noma amadolobhana aso, — hhayi igama elilodwa nje elithi «岩茶».
- Khumbula ukuthi isifunda sase-Bangdong ngokwaso singena endaweni yomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo «pu-er» ngokwezinga le-GB/T 22111-2008: igama elivikelwe «普洱茶», hhayi «岩茶».

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ukuze kuvikelwe umkhiqizo onophawu kudingeka imibhalo yomlando yeminyaka engama-30, kanti ukuze kutholakale uphawu lwesitifiketi — yeminyaka emi-3 kuphela.
Igama elithi «岩茶» selivele likhona ohlwini lwesifunda: phakathi kwamagama amane akhethwe yi-Linxiang ukuze abhaliswe — «马台岩茶».
Isifunda sisekela umfanekiso «wamadwala» ngencaphuno evela ku-«Canon yetiye» ka-Lu Yu ngetiye elikhula phezu kwemfucumfucu yamatshe.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye

I-Wuyi Yancha (武夷岩茶): I-wulong yase-Wuyishan enophawu lwendawo, okuvela kuyo igama elithi «岩茶»; ayihlobene ne-Bangdong.
I-Sigui (昔归): Itiye elidume kakhulu lesifunda sase-Bangdong; i-athikili ye-encyclopedia yethu.
I-Yunnan Matai Gushu Hongcha (云南马台古树红茶): Itiye elibomvu lezihlahla ezindala zase-Matai esifundeni sase-Linxiang; i-athikili ye-encyclopedia yethu. Ngokohlu lwezinga le-GB/T 22111-2008, i-Matai (马台乡) iyisifunda esihlukile sesifunda, hhayi idolobhana lase-Bangdong.
I-Yunxian Dachaoshan Cha (云县大朝山茶): Uphawu lwedolobhana elingumakhelwane lesifunda sase-Yunxian, elisemngceleni ne-Bangdong.
I-Lincang (临沧): I-athikili ehlolayo ye-encyclopedia ngesifunda setiye, enesigaba nge-Bangdong ne-Sigui.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yunnan Yancha igama elingenalo uphawu: umfanekiso omuhle wetiye elikhula phakathi kwamadwala ngaphezu kwe-Lancang, okwamanje ongakadluli ekuhlolweni kwemibhalo. Iziphathimandla ziphendule ngokucacile: ngegama lesifundazwe sonke akukho mngcele, akukho mvume yesifundazwe, akukho mibhalo yomlando, kanti elendawo elithi «邦东岩茶» lizolinda kuze kuqoqwe imibhalo. Itiye lase-Bangdong ngokwalo kudala laziwa — ngaphansi kwamagama e-Sigui, i-Nahan namanye amadolobhana.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 22111-2008

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo