nèifēi · nèipiào · dàpiào

I-puerh elicindezelwe alifiki kumthengi lihamba ze. Kuzungeze isigaxa, isitini noma indebe kukhona ungqimba olugcwele lwamaphepha, kusukela ekhasini elincane elicindezelwe ngaphakathi kweqabunga letiye, kuya ekhasini elikhulu elinamathiselwe ebhokisini lokuthutha. Lolu ngqimba luqukethe lonke ulwazi oluhlonzayo: ubani owenze, ngayiphi iresiphi, ngasiphi isidalwa, iyiphi iqembu kanye nokuthi nini. Futhi yilona lokuqala lokuthi abantu bakwenza inkohliso.

Ngezansi kukhona ukuhlaziywa kokuthi lolu hlelo lwamaphepha luhlelwe kanjani, yini okunzima ukuyifaka inkohliso kuyo, yini elula, nokuthi kungani ngamaphepha kuphela ungeke unqume ngokuphelele ngetiye.

Kungani itiye elicindezelwe linamaphepha

I-puerh (普洱茶, pǔ’ěrchá) cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iyacindezelwa: kanjalo kwakuthuthwa ngomlando ngomzila we-茶马古道 (chámǎ gǔdào) futhi kanjalo igcinwa futhi iguga kahle. Isimo esijwayelekile – 七子饼 (qīzǐbǐng), isigaxa esingama-357 g, izigaxa eziyisikhombisa zihlangene (okungokomlando okungama-2,5 kg). Kukhona futhi 砖 (zhuān, isitini), 沱 (tuó, indebe), 金瓜/团 (jīnguā/tuán, ithanga), 龙珠 (lóngzhū, ibhola elincane) kanye netiye elixegayo 散茶 (sǎnchá).

Itiye elicindezelwe alinalo uhlobo: iqabunga elicindezelwe lefekthri elilodwa alihlukani kakhulu ngaphandle kwelinye, futhi izinga neresiphi ngokubukeka kwendawo engenhla kunqunywa ngokulinganiselayo kuphela. Ngakho-ke ukumakwa okunezingqimba eziningi: uma itiye liphila isikhathi eside futhi liba likhulu, kubaluleka kakhulu ukuthi “umlando walo walo” ugcinwe kanye nalo.

Amathikithi amathathu: 内飞, 内票, 大票

Ingxenye	Kutholakala kuphi	Ingakhishwa futhi ishintshwe	Ngokuvamile ibika ini
内飞 (nèifēi)	icindezelwe emzimbeni wetiye ngesikhathi sokucindezela ngomusi	cha, ngaphandle kokungenelela endaweni yesigaxa	umkhiqizi, uphawu lokuhweba, ngezinye izikhathi iresiphi/uchungechunge
内票 (nèipiào)	ileli ngaphansi kwesembozo, ngaphandle kwetiye	yebo, ngokukhululeka	incazelo yetiye, isifunda, ifekthri, ngezinye izikhathi amamaki okuvikela
大票 (dàpiào)	ebhokisini/esiqenjini, ngaphandle kwakho konke	yebo, ngokukhululeka	iqembu, inani, usuku, ukumakwa kokuthuthwa

Umqondo ulula: ukwethembeka kuncipha njengoba usuka kude neqabunga letiye.

内飞 – ithikithi elingaphakathi kwetiye

内飞 – ikhasi elincane elizikwezanu noma eliyisikwele lephepha elincanyana, elibekwa phezu kwesidalwa ngaphambi kokucindezelwa ngomusi (蒸压, zhēngyā, kulawulwa yizinga GB/T 24615 lokukhiqiza itiye elicindezelwe). Ngemva kokucindezela, ingxenye yaleli khasi ibanjelwa amacembe etiye, imiphetho ingenisa ngaphansi kweqabunga, futhi ithikithi liba yingxenye yomzimba wesigaxa. Ngokuvamile 内飞 itholakala ohlangothini olungaphambili, eduze nendawo emaphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi – ngasemuva.

Isakhiwo esiyisihluthulelo: 内飞 ayikwazi ukukhishwa ngobunyoninco futhi inamathiselwe kabusha. Ayinamathiselwa – ifakwe esakhiweni seqabunga elicindezelwe. Ukuze ushintshe ithikithi, kuzodingeka noma uvule indawo engenhla yesigaxa (kusala izimpawu ezibonakalayo: isiqephu esixegisiwe, izingcezu eziphumile, ukungahambisani kokuphakama), noma ukhumule futhi uphinde ucindezele itiye lonke – futhi ukucindezela kabusha kushintsha ukuminyana, umdwebo wendawo engenhla futhi ngokuvamile kuyabonakala.

Ngakho-ke 内飞 ibalwa njengophawu lokuqala olubalulekile lobuqiniso. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela ekufakazela: kufakazela ukuthi lokhu kumakwa kungene ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaxa ngesikhathi sokucindezela, hhayi ukuthi kufakwe kamuva. Ayikufakazeli ukuthi ukuphrintwa ethikithini ngokwalo kungokoqobo, futhi ayikufakazeli ikhwalithi yesidalwa. Uma umenzi wenkohliso ephrinta ikhophi ye-内飞 futhi ecindezela isigaxa ngelinye itiye, i-内飞 ngaphakathi izoba “yangempela” ngokuphelele – yangempela enkohlisweni.

Umkhuba we-内飞 usukela ezindlini zohwebo ezizimele (商号, shānghào) zesikhathi se-号级茶 (hàojíchá, ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1950: 同庆 Tóngqìng, 宋聘 Sòngpìn, 福元昌 Fúyuánchāng), lapho ithikithi elingaphakathi kwetiye lalisebenza ngokuqondile njengokuvikela uphawu lokuhweba kubalingisi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathikithi endlu eyodwa zikhona, futhi ukuhlonzwa kwazo kuyindaba yochwepheshe obuncane, okungenakukhiqizwa ngencazelo eyodwa.

内票 – ishumekelo ngaphansi kwesembozo

内票 – ikhasi elikhudlwana, elileli ngokukhululeka phakathi kwetiye nepaphela lesembozo. Kulo ngokuvamile kuphrintwa lokho okungangeni esembozweni uqobo: incazelo yesidalwa nesifunda, isifinyezo sekhwalithi yefekthri, izincomo zokwenza itiye nokugcinwa kwalo, ngezinye izikhathi izakhi zokuvikela – amakhodi, amahologramu, izakhi ezihloleka kumkhiqizi.

Ukusebenziseka kwe-内票 – ukwazisa. Njengobufakazi bobuqiniso abunamandla: ikhasi likhishwa futhi lifakwe ngomzuzwana. Ukungabikho kwe-内票 etiyeni elidala akusho lutho, ukubakhona kwalo futhi akusho lutho.

大票 – ikhasi leqembu

大票 – ikhasi elikhulu, elihlobene hhayi nesigaxa esisodwa, kodwa neqembu: linamathiselwa eyunithini yokuthutha (ibhokisi, ibhasikidi, isiqembu esiboshwe) noma lifakwa phakathi kwesiqembu sezigaxa. Lapha kuvela idatha engekho esigaxeni ngasinye: inombolo yeqembu (批次, pīcì), inani lamayunithi, isisindo, ngezinye izikhathi usuku lokukhishwa kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene nokuthuthwa nokuthunyelwa.

Etiyeni eliqoqwayo 大票 libaluleke ngokuqondile njengedokhumenti yeqembu – ngalo kulandelwa ukuthi isiqembu siphuma kuliphi “ibhokisi”. Kodwa futhi iyingxenye elahleka kalula kakhulu, futhi eyenziwa kalula kakhulu: ikhasi lephepha elihlukene, elingahlangene netiye ngokwenyama. Uma iziqembu zihlakazwa ukuze zidayiswe ngokudayiseka, i-大票 isala kumthengi oyedwa, kuthi abanye bangayitholi nhlobo.

棉纸 – iphepha lesembozo

棉纸 (miánzhǐ) – igama elijwayelekile lephepha elincanyana elinemicu, lapho isigaxa sisongwa khona. Libizwa ngezinye izikhathi “iphepha lerayisi”, ngezinye “iphepha likakotini”; empeleni sikhuluma ngephepha elincanyana lemvelaphi yezitshalo, elenziwe ngesandla noma ngomshini, elinemicu ebonakalayo uma ubheka ekukhanyeni. Leli phepha liyaphefumula: alivaleki, lidlulisa umoya futhi livumela itiye ukuba liqhubeke nokugcwalisa okunensayo, okusekelwe kumgomo we-越陈越香 (yuè chén yuè xiāng) – “uma lingokukhulu isikhathi eside, linuka kamnandi kakhulu”.

Esembozweni kubekwa okubalulekile: igama nophawu lomkhiqizi, igama lomkhiqizo, isisindo (esigaxeni ngokuvamile singama-357 g), uhlobo – 生茶 (shēngchá) noma 熟茶 (shúchá), isifunda, ngokuvamile 唛号 (màihào) – ikhodi yezinombolo ezine yeresiphi yamafekthri amakhulu, eyethulwa kusukela ngo-1976. Kuyo izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala – unyaka wokuvunywa kweresiphi, eyesithathu – izinga lesidalwa (ifishane, ibucayi kakhulu), eyesine – ifekthri: 1 – 昆明 (Kūnmíng) / 中茶 (Zhōngchá), 2 – 勐海 (Měnghǎi) / 大益 (Dàyì), 3 – 下关 (Xiàguān), 4 – 普洱 (Pǔ’ěr). Ngakho-ke u-7542 usho iresiphi ka-1975, isidalwa sezinga lesi-4, iMěnghǎi. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ngokwehlukile: 唛号 iyiresiphi, hhayi unyaka wokukhishwa futhi hhayi inkulumo yokugcinwa. Isigaxa esingu-7542 singacindezelwa nganoma imuphi unyaka.

Etiyeni lesikhathi se-印级茶 (yìnjíchá, iminyaka yama-1950–70) umbala ngokwawo wokuphrinta uphawu lwe-中 esembozweni wanikeza amagama ezinhlobo ezingamayoni – 红印 (hóngyìn), 绿印 (lǜyìn), 黄印 (huángyìn). Okusho ukuthi ukuphrinta kwesembozo lapha akusiyona into yokuhlobisa kuphela, kodwa kuyingxenye yokuhlonza umkhiqizo.

Ukubhala usuku ngephepha – kungumkhuba wangempela wochwepheshe. Kubhekwa uhlobo lwephepha (ubukhulu, umlingiswa womcu, ukwenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini), indlela yokuphrinta, indlela nabamaqembu ezimpawu, ukuhlelwa kwezakhi, indlela yokugoqa nokuphethwa, umlingiswa wokuguga kwemvelo: ukuphuzi, amachashazi “amphunga”, ukufuduka kokukhishwa kwetiye kusuka esigaxeni kuya ephepheni, izimpawu zezinambuzane kanye nokuguga jikelele. Konke lokhu kuqhathaniswa namasampula-ndinganiso namakhathalogu.

Lapha kufanele kukhawulwe ngokwethembeka isihloko: seminyaka eqondile, lapho leyo noma leya fekthri yashintsha uhlobo lwephepha, ifonti noma ukuphrinta, asiyinikezi. Iminyaka enjalo ikhona ezincwadini eziyisipesheli namakhathalogu ezindali, iyahlaziywa futhi iyaphikiswa, futhi ukuyikhiqiza ngekhanda – kuyindlela eqondile yephutha. Uma umthengisi noma isihloko sibiza unyaka oqondile wokushintshwa kwephepha njengeqiniso elingenakuphikiswa, lesi sitatimende sidinga ireferensi kusampula-ndinganiso.

笋壳 – igxolo likaqalo

Isiqembu sezigaxa – ngokuvamile eziyisikhombisa, 一筒 (yī tǒng) noma 一提 (yī tí) – ngokwesiko siboshwa nge-笋壳 (sǔnké), isikhumba sehlumela likaqalo, siboshwe ngentambo yeqalo noma ngentambo. Kuyilapho iziqembu zibekwa ebhokisini noma ebhasikidini (件, jiàn); inani leziqembu eyunithini yokuthutha lincike kumkhiqizi nesikhathi, futhi lapha alikho izinga elilodwa lendawo yonke.

Igxolo likaqalo liwukuhlanganiswa kokuqala: liqinile, liyaphefumula, livikela izigaxa ekulimaleni kwemishini nasekuthinteni okuqondile nomswakama, kodwa alizihlukanisi. Emkhubeni wokugcinwa osebenzayo kucatshangwa ukuthi itiye elise-笋壳 liguga ngokulingana, ngoba isiqembu siyivolumu engenampendulo. Uqalo futhi lunephunga laso, elidluliselwa ngokwengxenye ezigabeni ezingaphandle kwesiqembu – ukuthi lokhu kuthinta kangakanani ukunambitheka kuncike ezakhiweni nezimo zesibaya, futhi lapha akukho zilinganiso zobungako.

Njengengxenye yokuhlonza 笋壳 icishe ingasebenzi: ibhokisi negxolo kushintshwa kalula, izembozo ezindala ziyasetjenziswa kabusha, futhi imibhalo yazo ngokuvamile ibhalwa ngesandla.

Yini elula ukuyenza inkohliso, futhi yini enzima

Ngokunyuka kobunzima benkohliso:

大票 ne-笋壳. Ikhasi elihlukene nesembozo, ezingahlangene netiye. Benziwa futhi bashintshwa ngaphandle kwemikhondo.
内票. Ishumekelo esikhululekile. Sishintshwa kalula ngokufanayo; amakhodi esimanje okuvikela enza umsebenzi ube nzima, kodwa ahloleka kuphela kumkhiqizi.
棉纸 isembozo. Kunzima kakhulu: kudingeka kuphinde kwakhiwe iphepha, ukuphrinta, ukubhalwa kwezimpawu kanye nomlingiswa wokuguga. Bayaphinde benze – futhi benze kahle. Inkinga ehlukile – izembozo ezindala zangempela, ezikhishwe kwelinye itiye futhi zafakwa kwelinye.
内飞. Okunzima kakhulu ukukulingisa ngokucophelela etiyeni elidala: ithikithi kufanele lifakwe endaweni engenhla, liguge kanye nesigaxa, libe nomlingiswa ofanayo wamachashazi nokufiphala, futhi imiphetho yalo kufanele ingenise ngaphansi kwamacembe etiye ngaphandle kwemikhondo yokungenelela. Ukufakwa okusha, umphetho olinganayo onganothuli, ukungahambisani kokuguga kwephepha le-内飞 nesembozo, isiqephu esixegisiwe ezungeze – yizimpawu ezishaqisayo.

Kodwa lokhu kuhleleka kunomkhawulo. Alikho iphepha elifakazela ukuthi ngaphakathi kunalelo tiye. Isimo esaziwayo kubaqoqi – ukupakishwa kwangempela nawo wonke amathikithi etiyeni langaphandle noma elixutshiwe; ngokucindezela kabusha kungenzeka “ukuthutha” kwe-内飞. Ngakho-ke iphepha liyiphuzu elilodwa phakathi kokunye kanye nesimo sokucindezela, umlingiswa weqabunga, iphunga letiye elomile kanye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunambitheka ekuchithweni. Iphepha linciphisa ukucabanga, alivali umbuzo.

Ngokuhlukile: abakhiqizi abakhulu besimanje banezinhlelo zabo zokuvikela – amakhodi, ukuphrinta okuncane, izindlela zokuhlola nge-intanethi. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuqondile kushintsha kusuka kuchungechunge kuya kochungechunge futhi awubhalwanga lapha: noma iyiphi imininingwane ebhalwe emibhalweni iphela isikhathi ngokushesha, futhi abenzi benkohliso basebenza ngezincazelo ezishicilelwe.

Kungani ukungabikho kwe-内飞 akusona isigwebo

Etiyeni elidala, ukungabikho kwe-内飞 ngokwako akusho lutho, futhi nansi isizathu.

Umkhuba wawuhlukile. Ubukhona be-内飞 babungeyona into ehlala njalo futhi engaguquki: abakhiqizi abahlukene nezikhathi ezahlukene babesebenza ngamathikithi angaphakathi ngendlela ehlukile, futhi iminyaka egcwele yokuthi ubani futhi nini wayefaka i-內飞 ngokuphoqelekile, asiyinikezi lapha – akuyona inani eliqinile elaziwayo.
Ithikithi liyalahleka ngokwenyama. 内飞 lihlala osingqeni olungaphezulu. Uma kuqhekezwa itiye ngommese (撬茶, qiàochá), uma kuhlelwa kabusha futhi kuthuthwa, isiqephu esine-thikit lingahamba kalula kanye nocezu oluqhekeziwe.
Izembozo zazishintshwa. Iphepha ezinqolobaneni liyamanzi, liyabhidlika, lidliwa izinambuzane. Ukusonga kabusha itiye elidala ephepheni elisha – kuyiqiniso elijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcinwa okumanzi 湿仓 (shīcāng) nezinqolobane zaseHong Kong; lapho i-内票 ne-大票 ziyanyamalala, futhi i-内飞 ngokwayo ingalimala.
Izigaxa ezingenalutho. Ingxenye yetiye yayigcinwa isikhathi eside futhi idayiswa ngaphandle kwesembozo ngokuphelele, njengeziqembu noma izigaxa ezihlukene, futhi yayihlakazwa ibe itiye elixegayo lokudayisa.
Ukuthunyelwa nokumakwa kabusha. Amaqembu ayepakishwa kabusha ukuze avumelane nomamukeli othile, futhi ukumakwa kwangaphandle lapho kwakungaphoqelekile ukuba kuhambisane nokwasekuqaleni.

Isimo esiphambene nalo silungile: isethi egcwele yamaphepha – i-内飞, i-内票, i-大票, igxolo, isiqembu esihlelekile – ayibona ubufakazi. Isethi egcwele ibiza kakhulu ngokuqondile ngoba inyusa inani lemakethe, futhi ngakho-ke kunenzuzo yezomnotho yokuyenza.

Isiphetho esisebenzayo: iphepha linomthelela enanini letiye eliqoqwayo kakhulu kunokunambitheka kwalo. Etiyeni lokuphuza inani lalo ukwazisa: uhlobo, iresiphi, isisindo, umkhiqizi, usuku. Etiyeni lokutshala imali – liyingxenye yento yokuthengiselana, futhi lapho kudingeka ukuhlola okuhlukile, hhayi ukuzifundela izimpawu ngokuzimele.

Indlela yokuhlola ungqimba lwamaphepha ngaphandle kokucekela phansi itiye

Indlela ezolile yokwenza, ngaphandle kokuchema:

Vula isembozo ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokudabula imigoqo, futhi ubheke ukuthi ngaphansi kwaso kukhona i-内票 nokuthi yafakwa kuphi.
Qhathanisa idatha esembozweni nase-内票 phakathi kwazo: uhlobo lwetiye, isisindo, isifunda, 唛号, umkhiqizi. Ukungahambisani – akusona isigwebo, kodwa isizathu sokubuza umthengisi.
Thola i-内飞 ohlangothini olungaphambili nolwasemuva. Hlola ukuthi imiphetho yalo ingena ngaphansi kweqabunga letiye, ingabe izinga lokuphuzi nokungcola kwethikithi lihambisana nesimo jikelele sesigaxa, akukho zimpawu zeglue, imigoqo emisha, isiqephu esixegisiwe ezungeze.
Qhathanisa isimo sephepha nobudala obushiwo nohlobo lokugcinwa: isibaya esomile 干仓 (gāncāng) sinika ukuphuzi okupholile nokulinganayo, ukugcinwa okumanzi – amachashazi abonakala kakhulu, ukushintsha kwesimo kanye nephunga lesibaya ephepheni ngokwalo.
Uma kukhona i-大票 – bhala phansi inombolo yeqembu nawo wonke amadetha abhaliwe; yilona kuphela indawo lapho usuku lokukhishwa lungabhalwa khona ngokuqondile.
Ungaphethi ngobuqiniso ngephepha kuphela. Yenza itiye.

Lokhu okungakushiwanga yilokhu kuhlaziywa kuwo wonke lo mbhalo

Lapha akunikwa iminyaka yokushintshwa kwezinhlobo zamaphepha, amafonti, ukuhleleka kokubhala kanye namafomethi e-内飞 emafektri ethile. Iminyaka enjalo ikhona kochwepheshe, kodwa ayikho ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa okuvamile nokungenakuphikiswa, futhi asiyikhiqizi ngekhanda.
Alinikezwani inani eliqondile leziqembu eyunithini yokuthutha njengenjwayelo yendawo yonke: lincike kumkhiqizi nesikhathi.
Azichazwa izimpawu zokuvikela ezisebenzayo zamabhrendi athile: ziyashintsha, futhi ukuhlolwa kwazo kungenzeka kuphela ngomkhiqizi.
Akushiwongo ukuthi i-内飞 ifakazela ubuqiniso. Ifakazela kuphela ukuthi ukumakwa kungene ngaphakathi kwetiye ngesikhathi sokucindezela; ukuphrinta kungakopishwa, futhi itiye lingashintshwa ngokucindezela kabusha.
Akushiwongo okuphambene nalokho – ukuthi iphepha alinalutho. Liphethe ukuphela kolwazi olutholakalayo olungacekeli phansi mayelana neresiphi, isisindo, uhlobo kanye, ngezinye izikhathi, nosuku.
Umthelela wegqoko likaqalo 笋壳 ekunambithekeni kwesiqembu uchazwa ngokwekhwalithi; lapha akukho datha yobungako ngobungako bawo.
Ukuhlonza itiye lezikhathi ze-号级茶 ne-印级茶 ngezimpawu zamaphepha – kungumsebenzi wochwepheshe abanasampula-ndinganiso. Lo mbhalo uchaza ukuhlelwa kwalolu hlelo, kodwa awuyithathi indawo yokuhlola futhi awunikezi izindlela zokuthi umuntu ngokwakhe aqinisekise ubuqiniso beqembu ele-antiki.

the teas described here are available from teamotea