Líshān hóngchá

Líshān Hóngchá (Líshān hóngchá, 梨山紅茶; ngesiNgisi Lishan Black Tea) itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan elivela esifundeni setiye elisezintabeni eziphakeme iLishan esifundeni saseHeping edolobheni laseTaichung. ILishan yaziwa kakhulu nge-wulong yasezintabeni eziphakeme, futhi itiye elibomvu lapha, ngokwezincazelo zabathandi betiye kanye nomkhiqizi oyedwa wendawo, lenziwa ngeqabunga le-cultivar enkulu yaseTaiwan iQing Xin Wulong, evame ukusetshenziselwa i-wulong, kodwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu. Leli gama ngokwalo lifakazelwa ikhathalogi kahulumeni yemikhiqizo yezolimo yaseTaichung: kukuyo kukhona itiye elisephaketheni elithi “梨山紅茶” lenhlangano yabalimi yesifunda saseHeping. Izinga, uphawu lwemvelaphi oluhlukile, noma incazelo eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe ngokuqondene netiye elibomvu laseLishan akutholakalanga, ngakho-ke okuningi ngalo kusalokhu kungaziwa.

Ungadidanisi neLi Shan Hong Wulong (梨山紅烏龍, Líshān hóng wūlóng): “i-wulong ebomvu” ekuhlukanisweni kweTaiwan Tea Improvement Station iyingxenye yetiye elibilisiwe leqembu le-wulong, hhayi itiye elibomvu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (紅茶, hóngchá); ngokwesimiso saseYurophu, itiye elimnyama. Ngokwencazelo yeTea and Beverage Crop Improvement Station yoMnyango Wezolimo waseTaiwan (農業部茶及飲料作物改良場; lapha ngezansi kuthiwa iSiteshi), itiye elibomvu yitiye elibiliswe ngokuphelele (全發酵茶, quán fājiào chá). Isigaba sisegameni ngokwalo: ikhathalogi kahulumeni yaseTaichung ibiza umkhiqizo ngokuthi “梨山紅茶”, ngesiNgisi iBlack Tea. Ukuthi lenziwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu, hhayi i-wulong, kwabhalwa ngo-2014 ngumbambi qhaza weforum yetiye yolimi lwesiRashiya. Incazelo eyinhloko yezinyathelo ngokuqondene neLishan ayikho, izinga lokubila kwetiye elibomvu laseLishan ngamazinga alikasho mthombo.
• Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan elinamaqabunga amancane. Ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa lweSiteshi igatsha lamatiye abilisiwe ngokuphelele, itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan, lihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu: elinamaqabunga amakhulu (大葉種紅茶, dàyèzhǒng hóngchá), elinamaqabunga amancane (小葉種紅茶, xiǎoyèzhǒng hóngchá) kanye nelinoju (蜜香紅茶, mìxiāng hóngchá). Uma impahla yokusetshenziswa kuyiQing Xin Wulong, njengoba kubhala abathandi nomkhiqizi (isigaba 3), itiye lingaphansi kweqembu lamaqabunga amancane; iSiteshi ngokwalo aliqambi iLishan kulesi simiso. “Lishan Hong Cha” yigama ngokwesifunda setiye nesigaba setiye, hhayi igama le-cultivar.
• Imvelaphi: ITaiwan (臺灣, Táiwān), idolobha laseTaichung (臺中市, Táizhōng shì), isifunda saseHeping (和平區, Hépíng qū), isifunda setiye iLishan (梨山, Líshān). Umhlinzeki wetiye elisephaketheni elithi “梨山紅茶” kukhathalogi yaseTaichung yinhlangano yabalimi yesifunda saseHeping (和平區農會, Hépíng qū nónghuì).
• Imingcele yesifunda: Imingcele yesifunda setiye embhalweni womgwamanda imiswa yimithetho yophawu lwemvelaphi “梨山茶”, ekhishwe ngabaphathi besifunda saseHeping. Ngokwale mithetho, “iLishan enkulu” (大梨山地區, Dà Líshān dìqū) iyindawo yezigodi zaseLishan (梨山里, Líshān lǐ) nasePingdeng (平等里, Píngděng lǐ), futhi izivande zilele emithambekeni ukusuka ku-1450 m (ngaphezu kweposiji lamaphoyisa laseDeji, 德基派出所) kuya ku-2500 m (ichibi laseTianchi ngaseFushoushan, 福壽山天池). Le mingcele imiselwe uphawu “梨山茶”, hhayi itiye elibomvu.
• Uphawu lwemvelaphi: Ngophawu lwemvelaphi “梨山茶” (產地證明標章, chǎndì zhèngmíng biāozhāng) abaphathi besifunda bakhiphe imithetho yokusetshenziswa; ukuthi ukubhaliswa kophawu uqobo sekuqediwe, akuzange kuhlolwe. Imithetho ibeka izici zekhwalithi: iqabunga eliminyene nelilinganayo elinombala oluhlaza okotshani omnyama nokucwebezela okunamafutha (墨綠油潤), ukumnika okusobala okuhlaza okotshani okunethinti legolide (蜜綠金黃), iphunga elihlanzekile nelilula (清香淡雅). Isigaba setiye asishiwongo emithethweni, itiye elibomvu alishiwongo; lezi zici zihambisana ne-wulong ekhanyayo; lokhu kuyisiphetho somhleli, hhayi amazwi emithetho. Ukuthi itiye elibomvu laseLishan lingalithola yini lolu phawu, akucaci emithethweni. Izinga elihlukile noma uphawu lwetiye elibomvu laseLishan alitholakalanga.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Emithonjeni etholakele azinikezwa; indawo ichazwa ngamagama ezigodi nangezindawo ezikude kakhulu (isigaba 4).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Umongo waseTaiwan. Ngokwepheshana lokufundisa leSiteshi (2024), itiye elibomvu eTaiwan likhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseYuchi (魚池, Yúchí) nasePuli (埔里, Pǔlǐ) esifundeni saseNantou (南投縣, Nántóu xiàn). ISiteshi libheka itiye elibomvu elihamba phambili njengelivela kuma-cultivar amaqabunga amakhulu u臺茶8號, u臺茶18號 (紅玉, Hóngyù), u臺茶21號 (紅韻, Hóngyùn) kanye nomusha onamaqabunga amancane u臺茶23號 (祁韻, Qíyùn; epheshaneni kubhalwe 祈韻). Kuyashiwo futhi ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nezinye izifunda zetiye zenza itiye elibomvu ngeqabunga lama-cultivar amaqabunga amancane, ngenkathi yehlobo neyekwindla. ISiteshi aliqambi iLishan lapha.
  • I-cultivar ye-wulong iba itiye elibomvu. I-athikili yesayensi yango-2025 (iNational Chung Hsing University, eTaichung) ibhala ngokusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwe-cultivar iQing Xin ekukhiqizeni itiye elibomvu, “ngokwesiko isetshenziselwa i-wulong”. Awekho amadethi noma izifunda zalesi senzakalo athulwa yi-athikili.
  • 2010. Umnambithi wekhwalithi okhuluma isiRashiya uchaze iqoqo alibiza ngokuthi “Itiye elibomvu elivela engadini yaseDa Yu Ling”; ngokusho komthengisi, itiye lenziwa “ebusika obudlule”. Umbhali wayebheka iDa Yu Ling njengenye yezingadi zesifunda saseLishan (isigaba 4) futhi wabhala ukuthi wayengakaze azame amatiye abomvu aseLishan ngaphambili.
  • 2014. Ohlelweni lwesibili lwekhathalogi kahulumeni yemikhiqizo yezolimo yaseTaichung “尋味臺中” (ngoJuni 2014) kukhona umkhiqizo wenhlangano yabalimi yesifunda saseHeping, “御品 梨山紅茶茶包” (Premium Lishan Black Tea), itiye elibomvu elisephaketheni, ngokwencazelo yomhlinzeki, elenziwe ngeqabunga elikhiwe ngesandla. Ngawo lowo nyaka umbambi qhaza weforum yetiye yolimi lwesiRashiya wayekhuluma ngamatiye abomvu asezintabeni eziphakeme aseLishan enziwe ngeQing Xin Wulong.
  • Ukuqala kokukhiqiza. Ukuthi eLishan baqala nini ukwenza itiye elibomvu, imithombo etholakele ayikusho.
• Igama:
  • 梨山 (Líshān) lisuka ku-梨 (ipheya) no-山 (intaba). Liyigama lesifunda setiye esisezintabeni eziphakeme esifundeni saseHeping. Emibhalweni yesiRashiya kutholakala kokubili ukubhalwa kokudlulisa, “Lishan” no “Li Shan”; ku-encyclopedia i-wulong yalesi sifunda ibizwa ngokuthi “Li Shan Wulong”.
  • 紅茶 (hóngchá) lisho “itiye elibomvu”, isigaba setiye ngokwesimiso samaShayina; ngesiNgisi, black tea. Igama lesiNgisi lomkhiqizo kukhathalogi yaseTaichung lithi Lishan Black Tea.
  • Amathoni. I-pinyin enezimpawu zamathoni emithonjeni etholakele ayikho, isiLatini lapho sithi “Lishan” ngaphandle kwamathoni; indlela esihlokweni inikezwe ngokufundwa okujwayelekile kwezinhlamvu.
  • Izindlela ezichazayo zesiRashiya. Abathandi betiye abakhuluma isiRashiya babhala “ngamatiye abomvu asezintabeni eziphakeme aseLishan” nang “amatiye abomvu-amnyama aseLishan”.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: ILishan iyindawo ye-wulong yasezintabeni eziphakeme. Ngokwepheshana leSiteshi, isifunda saseHeping singesinye sezifunda eziyinhloko ze-wulong yasezintabeni eziphakeme zaseTaiwan, futhi i-dissertation ye-master yeNational Taiwan University (2016) ibiza iLishan njengesifunda setiye esiphakeme kunawo wonke esiqhingini. Itiye elibomvu lapha, ngokwezincazelo zabathandi nomkhiqizi, liyindlela ehlukile yokucubungula iqabunga le-cultivar evame ukusetshenziselwa i-wulong. Umngcele phakathi kwamatiye amabili avela eqabungeni elifanayo udlula kubuchwepheshe (isigaba 5).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• I-cultivar: Ngokwezincazelo zabathandi nomkhiqizi, iQing Xin Wulong (青心烏龍, Qīngxīn wūlóng). Ngokokushicilelwa koMnyango Wezolimo waseTaiwan (2024), lena i-cultivar yetiye etshalwa kakhulu esiqhingini; cishe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye kwezilishumi zendawo nangaphezulu lapho zihlala zine-cultivar enamacembe amancane, okwenziwa ngayo ikakhulukazi itiye eliluhlaza kanye ne-wulong. Ukuthi itiye elibomvu laseLishan lenziwa ngeQing Xin Wulong, kubhalwa ngumbambi qhaza weforum yolimi lwesiRashiya (2014), umthengisi weqoqo elilodwa (2010; i-cultivar ibizwa ngokuthi “Wulong enomgogodla oluhlaza”, okuwukuhunyushwa kwegama 青心烏龍 ngokoqobo) kanye nomkhiqizi waseLishan kukholomu yombhali embhalweni wezindaba waseTaiwan (2026). Umthombo oyinhloko mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa zaleli tiye awukho. Ukuthi eLishan basebenzisa ezinye ii-cultivar ngetiye elibomvu, akukatholakali.
• Ukuvuna: NgeLishan ayikho idatha. ISiteshi lichaza itiye elibomvu elinamaqabunga amancane lezinye izifunda njengelasehlobo nasekwindla; iqoqo lango-2010, ngokusho komthengisi, lenziwa ebusika.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Lesi sigaba alinayo idatha. Itiye elisephaketheni lenhlangano yabalimi, ngokwencazelo ekhathalogini yaseTaichung, lenziwa ngeqabunga elikhiwe ngesandla (手工菁採); ukuthi yiliphi iqabunga elikhiwayo, igqumela elinamacembe amangaki, akushiwongo.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Emithonjeni etholakele azichazwanga.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Isifunda setiye iLishan esifundeni saseHeping edolobheni laseTaichung; ngokwe-dissertation yeNational Taiwan University (2016), isifunda setiye esiphakeme kunawo wonke eTaiwan. Izindawo ezikude kakhulu zendawo yophawu “梨山茶”: empumalanga, intaba i羅閑山 (Luóxiánshān, 2527 m); entshonalanga, intaba i馬武霸山 (Mǎwǔbàshān, 2494 m); eningizimu, iposiji lamaphoyisa laseDeji (德基派出所, Déjī pàichūsuǒ, 1450 m); enyakatho, ibhuloho i思源二號橋 (Sīyuán èr hào qiáo, 1950 m).
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Endaweni yophawu “梨山茶”, ngu-1450–2500 m. Ukuphakama okuqondene netiye elibomvu akukho emithonjeni eyinhloko; umthengisi weqoqo lango-2010 usho ukuphakama “okungaba amamitha angu-2000”.
• Isimo sezulu nenhlabathi: Azikho izincazelo eziqondene netiye elibomvu. Imithetho yophawu “梨山茶” ihlobanisa ikhwalithi yetiye layo nezimo zendawo, kodwa itiye elibomvu alishiwongo kuyo, futhi ukudlulisela le ncazelo kulo akunakwenzeka.
• IDa Yu Ling (大禹嶺, Dàyǔlǐng): Lapha imithombo iyaphikisana.
  • Imibhalo yabathandi bolimi lwesiRashiya yango-2009–2010 ibheka iDa Yu Ling njengenye yezingadi zesifunda saseLishan, futhi enye yeziphakeme kakhulu.
  • Ikholomu yombhali yango-2026 embhalweni wezindaba waseTaiwan ibala iLishan neDa Yu Ling njengezifunda ezihlukene zezintaba eziphakeme; ku-encyclopedia iDa Yu Ling Wulong nayo ichazwa ngokuhlukile kuneLi Shan Wulong.
  • Imithetho yophawu “梨山茶” ayisho ngokuqondile ukuthi iDa Yu Ling iyingxenye yendawo “yaseLishan enkulu” noma cha.
  • Ukuphakama “okungaba ngu-2000 m” okushiwo ngumthengisi weqoqo lango-2010 kuphansi kunalokho imibhalo yabathandi ekunika izingadi zaseDa Yu Ling, ngakho-ke nokuxhumanisa kwaleli qoqo akunakuhlolwa. Itiye elibomvu leDa Yu Ling njengesitayela esihlukile alichazwanga emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incazelo yezinyathelo nezindlela zetiye elibomvu laseLishan emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Okwaziwayo okuhlukile: ukuthi umngcele phakathi kwetiye elibomvu ne-wulong ovela eqabungeni elifanayo udlula kuphi. Ichazwa yi-athikili yesayensi yango-2025 kumagazini i-Scientific Reports (iNational Chung Hsing University).

• I-wulong. Isinyathelo esinqumayo ukulungisa ukushisa (殺青, shāqīng): ukushisa kucindezela ama-enzyme e-oxidation eqabunga futhi kumisa ukubila ezingeni elifunekayo.
• Itiye elibomvu. Akukho ukulungisa ukushisa: iqabunga liyabuna, liyasontwa, liyabiliswa futhi lomiswe, kanti ukubila kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko sekhwalithi yalo.

Njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu, izinyathelo eziyinhloko zimi kanje. Izincazelo zichaza inhloso yesinyathelo, hhayi izindlela zaseLishan.

1. Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo). Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi lithambe.
2. Ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn). Amangqamuzana eqabunga ayaphulwa, usokisi luphumela phezulu.
3. Ukubila (發酵, fājiào), empeleni ukuxutshwa komoyampilo. Iqabunga liyafiphala, ukumnika kuba bomvu.
4. Ukumiswa (乾燥, gānzào). Ukushisa kumisa ukusabela futhi komise iqabunga ukuze ligcinwe.

Ababhali be-athikili efanayo baphinde bacubungula i-cultivar iQing Xin (ku-athikili, i-Chin-shin) ngokwephrothokholi yetiye elibomvu: itiye elibomvu elivela kuyo lanikeza ukumnika okukhanyayo kunelivela ku-臺茶18號 onamaqabunga amakhulu. Amasampuli ayevela esifundeni saseNantou, hhayi eLishan, futhi izindlela zokuhlola azidluliselwa ekukhiqizeni.

Omunye umkhiqizi waseLishan, ngokwekholomu yombhali yango-2026, uthi ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphansi lomoya ngesikhathi sokwenza, ukubila kwetiye elibomvu laseLishan kubuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa neletiye elibomvu lendabuko. Lokhu kungamazwi omuntu oyedwa ekulandiseni kwentatheli, hhayi isilinganiso; akukho okungahlola lokhu.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Izincazelo ezisemthethweni emithonjeni etholakele azikho; ikhathalogi kahulumeni yaseTaichung inikeza kuphela incazelo yokukhangisa yomhlinzeki ngetiye elisephaketheni. Ngezansi imibono yomunye umnambithi wekhwalithi okhuluma isiRashiya ngeqoqo elilodwa lango-2010, alibiza ngokuthi “Itiye elibomvu elivela engadini yaseDa Yu Ling”. Lokhu akusiyona incazelo yesitayela.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Akufani, ngokusho komnambithi, “licindezelwe kancane”, okusho ukuthi linamaqabunga aphukile.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Inothi umnambithi alibiza ngokuthi “inothi lomoya omusha”; ngemuva kwalo, ngokusho kwakhe, kungatholakala amanothi ajwayelekile amnandi etiye elibomvu.
• Iphunga lokumnika: UMnambithi akaqambi amanothi athile, kuphela umbono ojwayelekile; encazelweni yokumnika waphawula “ukunukela okumnandi” kanye “nephunga lezihlahla”.
• Ukunambitheka: Amafutha “ase-wulong” nobumnandi, ukubaba “okukude”, ukunambitheka okumnandi isikhathi eside ngemuva.
• Umbala wokumnika: Ngetiye laseLishan awuchazwanga. Ekuhlolweni kwango-2025, itiye elibomvu elivela ku-cultivar iQing Xin (amasampuli aseNantou) lanikeza ukumnika okukhanyayo kunelika-臺茶18號 onamaqabunga amakhulu.
• Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukuhlaziywa kwetiye elibomvu laseLishan emithonjeni etholakele akukho. I-athikili yesayensi yango-2025 ihlobanisa ukumnika okukhanyayo kwetiye elibomvu elivela ku-cultivar iQing Xin nokuqukethwe okuphansi kokuqala kwama-catechin kule cultivar; amasampuli ayevela esifundeni saseNantou, hhayi eLishan.

Njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu, ngesikhathi sokubila ingxenye yama-catechin iguqulwa ibe ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, anikeza ukumnika umbala obomvu nokunambitheka okugcwele; iqabunga liqukethe i-caffeine nama-amino acid, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine. Azikho izibalo zaleli tiye.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye: imithombo etholakele igxile egameni, esifundeni nasebuchwephesheni, hhayi empilweni. Njenganoma yiliphi itiye elibomvu, liqukethe i-caffeine, okufanele kucatshangelwe yilabo abayinqunyelayo.

9. Ukuphisa

Izincomo zetiye elibomvu laseLishan emithonjeni etholakele azikho. Ngezansi umkhuba, njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu; indlela kufanele ilungiswe ngokweqoqo ngalinye.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
• Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma iphothi encane yeporcelain; enkomishini emhlophe umbala wokumnika ubonakala kahle.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo.
  2. Faka itiye.
  3. Ukugeza kwetiye elibomvu akwenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi; uma kwenziwa, kube ngokumomotheka okufushane, okuthululwayo.
  4. Ukumnika kokuqala, cishe umzuzu owodwa.
  5. Thulula konke ukumnika enkomishini.
  6. Ukumomotheka ngakunye okulandelayo kwandise kancane; ukuthi itiye lingahlala ukumomotheka okungakanani kuncike eqoqweni.

10. Ukugcinwa

Imininingwane ngokugcinwa kwaleli tiye ayikho. Njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu: emaphaketheni avaliwe aqinile angabonisi ukukhanya, endaweni eyomile, emnyama, epholile, ekamelweni lokushisa, kude namaphunga angaphandle. Izitha eziyinhloko umswakama, ukukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Amanani okudayisa emithonjeni etholakele awekho. Umkhiqizo okuwukuphela kwawo ngaphansi kwaleli gama otholakala emthonjeni osemthethweni, itiye elisephaketheni “御品 梨山紅茶茶包” lenhlangano yabalimi yesifunda saseHeping kukhathalogi yaseTaichung yango-2014; ukuthi lisakhiqizwa yini njengamanje, akuhlolwanga.

• Ukwenza kanjani ukugwema okungelona iqiniso nokudideka:
  • Ukuhlukanisa ne-wulong ebomvu. ILi Shan Hong Wulong (梨山紅烏龍) iyi-wulong enezinga eliphezulu lokubila, hhayi itiye elibomvu; igama “elibomvu” kuwo womabili amagama alibenzi itiye elifanayo. Kuwusizo ukubuza umthengisi ngobuchwepheshe: ingabe kwaba khona ukulungisa ukushisa.
  • Buza ngemvelaphi: iLishan iyisifunda saseHeping edolobheni laseTaichung eTaiwan.
  • Khumbula ukuthi izinga nophawu lwemvelaphi oluhlukile lwetiye elibomvu laseLishan alitholakalanga, futhi izici zophawu “梨山茶” zichaza itiye elibukeka likhanya: igama elithi “Lishan” ephaketheni ngokwalo alikuqinisekisi imvelaphi yetiye elibomvu.
  • Ukuxhumanisa nengadi ethile, isibonelo neDa Yu Ling, kuhlole: umngcele weLishan neDa Yu Ling, imithombo iwubeka ngezindlela ezahlukene.
  • Izincazelo zokukhangisa zabathengisi zibheke njengezokukhangisa, hhayi njengophawu lobuqiniso.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Ngokwe-dissertation ye-master yeNational Taiwan University (2016), iLishan iyisifunda setiye esiphakeme kunawo wonke esiqhingini; indawo yophawu “梨山茶” ikhuphuka ifike ku-2500 m, ngasechibini iTianchi eFushoushan.
• Ngeqabunga le-cultivar efanayo iQing Xin kungenziwa kokubili i-wulong netiye elibomvu: ngokwe-athikili yesayensi yango-2025, umehluko oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe ukulungisa ukushisa: ku-wulong kukhona, etiyeni elibomvu akukho.
• “I-wulong ebomvu” (紅烏龍, hóng wūlóng) iwuhlobo olusha lwetiye olwasungulwa igatsha lasempumalanga leSiteshi ngo-2008; ngokwencazelo yeSiteshi, ukumnika kwalo kunombala wetiye elibomvu, kanti ukunambitheka kungokwe-wulong. Isifunda esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwayo iLuye (鹿野, Lùyě) esifundeni saseTaitung, hhayi iLishan.
• Kukhathalogi kahulumeni yaseTaichung, itiye elibomvu laseLishan lethulwa lisephaketheni, linegama lesiNgisi elithi Premium Lishan Black Tea.
• Phakathi kwama-cultivar, ngokweSiteshi, akhiqiza itiye elibomvu laseTaiwan elihamba phambili, amathathu anamaqabunga amakhulu kanye nelilodwa elinamaqabunga amancane, u臺茶23號; iQing Xin Wulong ayikho kulolu hlu.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Aseduze

• ILi Shan Wulong (梨山烏龍, Líshān wūlóng): I-wulong yasezintabeni eziphakeme yesifunda esifanayo, itiye iLishan elaziwa ngalo.
• ILi Shan Hong Wulong (梨山紅烏龍, Líshān hóng wūlóng): I-wulong ebomvu; ohlelweni lweSiteshi leli tiye limi phakathi kwamatiye abilisiwe kancane, eqenjini le-wulong. Ukufana kwamagama kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokudideka.
• IDa Yu Ling Wulong (大禹嶺烏龍, Dàyǔlǐng wūlóng): I-wulong yezintaba eziphakeme ezingomakhelwane; ukuthi iDa Yu Ling iyingxenye yeLishan noma cha, imithombo isho ngokuhlukile.
• IAlishan Hong Cha (阿里山紅茶, Ālǐshān hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu lesinye isifunda saseTaiwan esisezintabeni eziphakeme, esaziwa ngama-wulong.
• ITaiwan Hong Yu No. 18 (臺茶18號紅玉, Táichá 18 hào hóngyù): Itiye elibomvu le-cultivar enamaqabunga amakhulu, enye yalezo iSiteshi elizibiza ngokuthi ezihamba phambili ngetiye elibomvu; kuyona i-cultivar iQing Xin yaqhathaniswa ekuhlolweni kwango-2025.
• ITaiwan Mi Xiang Hong Cha (臺灣蜜香紅茶, Táiwān mìxiāng hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu “elinoju”, iqembu elihlukile letiye elibomvu laseTaiwan ohlelweni lweSiteshi.

Ekuphetheni:

ILishan Hong Cha itiye elibomvu lesifunda setiye esiphakeme kunawo wonke eTaiwan, elenziwe, ngokwezincazelo zabathandi nomkhiqizi, ngeqabunga le-cultivar evame ukusetshenziselwa i-wulong. Okwaziwayo ngokuqinisekile ngalo kuncane: izinhlamvu negama lesiNgisi, ngokwekhathalogi kahulumeni yaseTaichung; indawo, isifunda saseHeping; isigaba, ngokwegama ngokwalo “紅茶”. Isizini, ukuphakama, izindlela zokucubungula nesikhathi sokuvela akukaqinisekiswa yimithombo eyinhloko, futhi umngcele neDa Yu Ling nobudlelwano nophawu “梨山茶” kusalokhu kuvulekile.

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu njengophawu lomakhelwane odumile: isifunda esifanayo, iqabunga le-cultivar ye-wulong nobuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Kulabo abazi iLi Shan Wulong, leli tiye likhombisa ukuthi kwenzekani ngeqabunga lasentabeni ngaphandle kokulungisa ukushisa, futhi likhumbuza ukuthi i-wulong ebomvu netiye elibomvu laseLishan amatiye ahlukene.

Imithombo

Amadokhumenti nezishicilelo

1. 臺灣特色茶 — 農業部茶及飲料作物改良場; 國產農漁畜產品教材-2024.9出版
2. 臺中市和平區「梨山茶」產地證明標章使用規範書 — 臺中市和平區公所
3. 尋味臺中—臺中市農特產品精選 (Savoring Taichung — Agricultural Products of Taichung) — 臺中市政府, 農業局
4. Effect of tea manufacturing processes and cultivars on tea infusion color — Scientific Reports (2025); DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-14852-w; PMID 40813605; Chen C.-T., Yang C.-Y., Tzen J.T.C. (National Chung Hsing University, Taichung)
5. 茶樹新品種「臺茶 25 號（紫韻）」 (農科快訊, 第388期, 113年10月號) — 農業部
6. 高山出好茶？臺灣梨山高山茶崛起的個案研究 (Is High Mountain Tea the Best? A Case Study of the High Mountain Tea Industry in Lishan, Taiwan) — National Taiwan University; DOI 10.6342/NTU201603540
7. 小葉紅茶與高山紅茶在台崛起 — 蕃新聞 (n.yam.com)
8. 台灣新活力》台東．新峰茶園 特等獎茶農廖縣山 自然農法養出琥珀紅烏龍 — 今周刊 (Business Today), 2012-10-18
9. 梨山．遇見好茶‧南港，遇見梨山 臺中市和平區公所推動「梨山茶產地證明標章」首次率領七家茶農進軍台北國際茶業博覽會 — 蕃新聞 (n.yam.com)

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo