Róngxiàn huāchá · thetea.app

I-Rongxian Huacha (Róngxiàn huāchá, 荣县花茶), «itiye lezimbali lasesifundeni sase-Rongxian», itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali lasesifundeni sase-Rongxian (荣县) emkhandlwini wedolobha wase-Zigong eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Sichuan. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko ngaphansi kwaleli gama itiye le-jasmine: ngokuchazwa kwesifunda, lenziwa ngetiye eliluhlaza lendawo lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lezinga eliphezulu kanye nezimbali zasehlobo ze-jasmine (伏花, fúhuā), kuhlanganiswa ukunonga kwendabuko nesimanje. Kusukela ngo-2021 isifunda sinesiqu esithi «izwe lezimbali zetiye laseChina», futhi ngawo lowo nyaka igama laba wuphawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali (花茶, huāchá) ngesisekelo esiluhlaza. Itiye le-jasmine liyinhloko; ngaphandle kwalo isifunda senza itiye le-gardenia (栀子花茶), itiye le-osmanthus (桂花茶) kanye namanye amatiye ezimbali — izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha ngokwedatha ka-2022 futhi ezingaphezu kwekhulu, kuhlanganise ne-rose, ngokwedatha ka-2024. Isisekelo sichazwe kuphela kwetiye le-jasmine — itiye eliluhlaza lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; ngakho-ke i-athikili ime phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza, njengamanye amatiye e-jasmine ochungechungeni.
Isigaba: Itiye lezimbali laseSichuan (ikakhulukazi itiye le-jasmine); uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2021).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān), umkhandlu wedolobha wase-Zigong (自贡, Zìgòng), isifunda sase-Rongxian (荣县, Róngxiàn).
Uphawu: Inombolo yokubhalisa, umnikazi kanye nemingcele yendawo akutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Isifunda esifanayo sinesibili isibonakaliso — «荣县绿茶» setiye eliluhlaza; lona umkhiqizo ohlukile.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Rongxian — cishe u-29,4° enyakatho kanye no-104,4° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Itiye lasendulo. Isifunda kanye nabezindaba bakhuluma ngeminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili yokutshalwa kwetiye. Umthombo wesibili ulandisa nge-«Rongxian County Chronicle» (《荣县志》): ngaphambi kwe-Jin itiye lalichuma kuphela emazweni ase-Shu, kanti ngesikhathi se-Tang laba yimfashini yase-China; umthombo wokuqala awukaqinisekiswa.
- 1987. Ngokwalowo mthombo wesibili, imboni yetiye yase-Zigong «Foshan» (自贡市佛山茶厂) yakhipha itiye le-jasmine «龙都香茗» — ngesisekelo esithambile nangohlelo lokuthi «ukunonga okune kanye nokugcina okukodwa» (四窨一提).
- 1990s. Ngokushicilelwe yi-«People’s Daily Online» (2022), «龙都香茗» ngesinye isikhathi lalingelokuqala ezweni phakathi kwamatiye ezimbali; akukho ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwalokhu. Ngokwamazwi omholi wesifunda (2022), ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 i-Rongxian yayivele iyisifunda esaziwayo setiye lezimbali.
- 2001. Isiqu esithi «四川省花茶之乡» — «izwe lezimbali zetiye lesifundazwe sase-Sichuan».
- 2021. NgoMeyi — isiqu esithi «中国花茶之乡», «izwe lezimbali zetiye laseChina»; ngawo lowo nyaka — uphawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi sendawo «荣县花茶».
- 2022. Ngo-1 Novemba embukisweni wetiye wamazwe omhlaba we-11 wase-Sichuan kwethulwa uphawu lwesifunda olunesiqubulo esithi «芬芳生活», «impilo enephunga elimnandi».
- 2024. NgoMashi uphawu lwakhangiswa e-Chengdu, eduze kwemibhoshongo yase-Tianfu (天府双塔). NgoMeyi ohlwini lwamabrand etiye esifunda lwango-2024 «荣县花茶» langena phakathi kwekhulu ngenani lomkhiqizo eliyi-1,153 billion yuan (ngokwesilinganiso sababhali bohlu).
- 2025. Ngemva kokwethulwa okwenziwe ngabashushisi besifunda, abathola ukuphulwa kwemithetho, ngoNovemba kwabuyekezwa imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu «荣县花茶» kanye ne-«荣县绿茶» futhi kwavunywa uhlu lwezinkampani ezivunyelwe.
Igama: «Rongxian» (荣县) — isifunda, endulo i-Rongzhou (荣州, Róngzhōu); «huacha» (花茶) — «itiye lezimbali». I-Zigong engumakhelwane idume ngemivubukulo yezibankwakazi, ngakho-ke indawo ibizwa nangokuthi «inkomfa yedrako» — 龙都 (Lóngdū); lapha kuvela igama lophawu lwendawo oluyinhloko.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ifomula yesifunda, ngokwe-«People’s Daily Online» (2022), ithi — «做优绿茶、做强花茶», «thuthukisa itiye eliluhlaza, qinisa itiye lezimbali». Phakathi kwamabrand endawo — 龙都, 春兰芗, 巅峰 kanye namanye, esewonke angaphezu kweshumi; «龙都香茗» kabili langena phakathi kweshumi lamatiye adumile ase-Sichuan.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Isitshalo esinonga: I-jasmine (茉莉, mòlì; Jasminum sambac). Kuthathwa izimbali ze-«fuhua» — zokuvunwa kwasehlobo, ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu. Ngokwedatha kaMeyi 2024, izimbali zokunonga endaweni zingama-20,000 mu.
Isisekelo setiye: Itiye eliluhlaza lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lezinga eliphezulu (早春名优绿茶). Ngokuchazwa kuka-2024, u-90 % wamaqabunga avuniwe amatiye adumile ayimizwa eyodwa (独芽). Izinhlobo zezihlahla zesisekelo azizange ziqanjwe emithonjeni etholakele.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Isifunda sithi ukuvunwa «ngokuphakamisa isandla» (提手采) kanye nomgomo othi «两不低、三及时、九不采» — «okubili akukho ngaphansi, okuthathu ngesikhathi, okuyisishiyagalolunye akukho ukuvunwa»; ukuthi kufakwa yini ngempela kulo, imithombo ayivezi.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: ENingizimu ye-Sichuan. Ngokwe-«People’s Daily Online» (2022), i-Rongxian ingeyesifunda setiye lasekuqaleni laseNingizimu ne-Sichuan — esinye sezifunda ezintathu ezinhle kakhulu zetiye esifundazweni.
Isimo sendawo: Ushicilelo lubiza uphawu oluyinhloko ngokuthi yisimo sendawo esiyidome (穹隆地貌, qiónglóng dìmào), okuthi ngokwabo, kudala isimo sezulu esifaneleka kangcono itiye lasekuqaleni.
Izihlahla zasendle: Ngokomthombo wesibili, entabeni i-Maozishan (帽子山) esigodini sase-Jinhua entshonalanga yesifunda kukhula izihlahla zetiye ezinkulu zasendle.
Ukuphakama, umhlabathi, isimo sezulu: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele; izinombolo zesimo sezulu zesifunda zinikezwe endabeni ye-Rongxian Lucha.
Izindawo: Izinombolo zibhekisela etiyeni lesifunda lilonke. Ngokwe-«People’s Daily Online» (2022) — izivande ezingama-206.7 thousand mu kanye nezimboni zokucubungula itiye ezingama-43; ngokwedatha ka-2024 — izivande ezingama-210 thousand mu kanye nezimboni ezingama-45.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ngokwezincazelo zesifunda, itiye le-jasmine linongwa (窨制, xūnzhì), kuhlanganiswa izindlela zendabuko nezanamuhla. Encazelweni ka-2024 kushiwo uhlelo oluthi «ukunonga okuyisithupha kanye nokugcina okukodwa» (六窨一提, liù xūn yī tí); ngo-1987 elokuqala «龙都香茗» lalenziwa ngohlelo oluthi «okune nokukodwa». Enye yezinkampani zendawo ibiza i-«六窨一提» ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe befa elingaphatheki (非遗); ukuthi lubhaliswe kuliphi irejista futhi kuliphi izinga, akuzange kuqinisekiswe. Amazinga okushisa, izilinganiso kanye nobude besikhathi akukho emithonjeni etholakele.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokunonga nge-jasmine, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye ngempela:

Ukunakekela izimbali (养花, yǎnghuā): Imiqumbe igcinwa ize ivuleke.
Ukunonga (窨花, xūnhuā): Isisekelo sixutshwa nezimbali enqwabeni.
Ukupholisa (通花, tōnghuā): Inqwaba iyasakazwa ukuze ingashisi.
Ukuhlukanisa izimbali nokomisa (起花、复火, qǐhuā, fùhuǒ): Umjikelezo uphindwa ngenani elifunekayo.
Ukunonga kokugcina (提花, tíhuā): Umjikelezo omfushane ngenani elincane lezimbali ezinhle kakhulu — leyo «提» emagameni ezinhlelo.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Izincazelo zesifunda zika-2022 no-2024; incazelo ye-«龙都香茗» — evela emthonjeni wesibili.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisongwe ngokuqinile futhi lihle (外形紧结秀丽, 2024); ku-«龙都香茗» — lihle, linoboya obubonakalayo (外形秀丽显毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Lisha, liphilile futhi lihlala njalo (香气鲜灵持久) — ezincazelweni zika-2022 no-2024.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele futhi kuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味醇厚回甘, 2022); kusha, kuphilile futhi kugcwele (鲜爽醇厚, 2024).
Umbala wotshwala: Uphuzi oluhlaza, okhanyayo (汤色黄绿明亮) — kuzo zontathu izincazelo.
Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga eliphakelwe): Lithambile, lilingana futhi likhanya (叶底嫩匀明亮, 2022); lilingana, linokucwebezela (匀称光泽, 2024).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho idatha yezinombolo emithonjeni etholakele. I-«People’s Daily Online» (2022) ibhala nje ukuthi etiyeni lezimbali lesifunda «kukhona okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi» (芳香物质含量高).

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye le-jasmine ngesisekelo esiluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 85–90 °C; ngetiye lembewu eyodwa — eduze no-85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma ingilazi engabonakali.
Inqubo: Shisisa isitsha, thela itiye, vala; ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-40–60; ukuphisa kathathu noma kane, ngakunye kudlula kancane.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ukupakisha okuvaliwe, indawo epholile eyomile, kude nokukhanya namaphunga: iphunga le-jasmine liyanyamalala, kanti itiye ngokwalo limunca kalula amaphunga angaphandle. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Amanani okuthengisa awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo «荣县花茶»: kusukela ngo-2025 isifunda sinohlu olugunyaziwe lwezinkampani ezivunyelwe ukulusebenzisa.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Rongxian emkhandlwini wedolobha wase-Zigong.
- Khumbula ukuthi «花茶» ephaketheni akusho ukuthi i-jasmine: ngaphansi kwaleli gama kukhona netiye le-gardenia, kanye netiye le-osmanthus.
- Ungadidanisi ne-«荣县绿茶»: lona uphawu lwesifunda esifanayo lwetiye eliluhlaza.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Isifunda esisodwa sinezimpawu ezimbili zetiye — esetiye lezimbali kanye nesetiye eliluhlaza, futhi okwenza isifunda saduma kakhulu okokuqala.
Inani lokunonga ezincazelweni likhule lisuka kwezine (1987) laya kweziyisithupha (2024).
Esinye sezinyathelo zokuvikela izimpawu kwaba indinganiso yokudla ngezimbali ze-gardenia: ngokombiko wabashushisi, ifakwe ohlelweni lwezindinganiso zendawo zaseSichuan zokuphepha kokudla zango-2025.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye e-jasmine

I-Qianwei Molihua Cha (犍为茉莉花茶): Itiye le-jasmine laseSichuan lesifunda sase-Qianwei elinenqubo ekhethekile — ukugazinga izimbali kanye netiye.
I-Moli Piaoxue (茉莉飘雪): Itiye le-jasmine laseSichuan ngesisekelo esiluhlaza.
I-Hengxian Molihua Cha (横县茉莉花茶): Itiye le-jasmine laseGuangxi ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwalo.
I-Rongxian Lucha (荣县绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo ngaphansi kophawu oluhlukile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Rongxian Huacha — itiye lezimbali lesifunda esizibiza ngokuthi yizwe lezimbali zetiye laseChina: imbewu yasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yetiye eliluhlaza lendawo, i-jasmine yasehlobo kanye nokunonga okuphindaphindiwe. Izinsika zegama — uphawu lwe-«龙都香茗» kusukela ngo-1987 kanye nophawu lwango-2021, olwavikelwa yisifunda ngo-2025 ngabashushisi. Izincazelo ezisemthethweni zivumelana kokuyinhloko: iphunga elisha, eliphilile nelihlala njalo, umbala ophuzi oluhlaza okhanyayo, ukunambitheka okugcwele.

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