jīnzhǎn huā

Kalendula ndi duwa louma lomwe mu malonda a tiyi waku China limakhala pafupi ndi tiyi, koma osati mkati mwake: mu dongosolo la 花茶 (huāchá) ilibe 茶坯 yakeyake, komanso ilibe mwambo wa 窨制. Tikupenda pomwe ilili ndendende mu gulu la zinthu, momwe imasiyanirana ndi tiyi weniweni wonunkhiritsidwa, ndi momwe tingawerengere zophatikizika za masamba ake omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri.

Malo mu dongosolo: chifukwa chake ili foda ya “maluwa ndi zouma”, osati 花茶

Zolemba zathu zoyambira za 花茶 zimakhazikitsa ndondomeko yokhazikika. 花茶 ndi 再加工茶 (zàijiāgōng chá), gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri kunja kwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambira a tiyi, ndipo limamangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo ziwiri zofunikira: maziko a tiyi 茶坯 (chápēi) — nthawi zambiri 烘青绿茶, koma 红茶, 乌龙, 白茶 — ndi duwa lonunkhira lomwe limapereka fungo lake ku masamba panthawi ya 窨制 (yìnzhì). Mndandanda wovomerezeka wa 窨花 mu ndondomeko imeneyi ndi wodziwika ndipo ndi wochepa: 茉莉 (jasmini), 桂花 (osmanthus), 玫瑰 (duwa), 白兰 (magnolia), 珠兰 (chloranthus, 金粟兰), 玳玳花 (daidai), 柚子花 (duwa la manyuchi).

Kalendula mulibe mu mndandanda umenewu — ndipo sikuti ndi kuphophonya mwangozi. Zolemba zomwezo zimalemba padera 菊花 ndi 菊普 ngati malo apakati ndi chenjezo lachindunji: “菊花 palokha si masamba a tiyi.” Kalendula mwachilengedwe ndi ya banja lomwelo la Asteraceae monga chrysanthemum, ndipo imagwera mu gulu lomwelo la malingaliro: zinthu zopangira zakumwa zomwe mu mwambo wa msika zimatchedwa 花草茶 / 代用茶 — kunja kwa gulu la magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi. Pachifukwa ichi foda yathu: FLOWERS AND DRY.

Malinga ndi dongosolo la mbendera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la 花茶 (O — boma/muyezo, A — maphunziro/mbiri, M — msika, V — wogulitsa, C — gulu), kalendula mwachilungamo amalembedwa ngati C ndi kusakaniza ndi M: ilipo ngati chenicheni cha msika ndi cha ogula, koma ilibe maziko a muyezo kapena a mbiri mkati mwa dongosolo la tiyi.

Zinthu zopangira ndi “cultivar”: zomwe kalendula alibe

M’nkhani za tiyi pamalo ano pali gawo la cultivar — ndipo apa kufunika kukhulupirika kwaukatswiri. Kwa 花茶 cultivar si ya duwa, koma ya maziko: mitundu yapamwamba ya jasmini (茉莉龙珠, 茉莉银针, 茉莉大白毫) ilipo chifukwa amatengera 绿茶芽坯 ndi 白毫 wochuluka, ndipo ndi mtundu wa chomera cha tiyi womwe umatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ubweya, mawonekedwe a singano, ndi kuthekera kopirira 窨 kambiri.

Kalendula alibe “cultivar” m’lingaliro la tiyi: awa ndi maluwa a chomera cha herbaceous cha mtundu wa Calendula (m’chiyankhulo cha Chitchaina 金盏花, komanso 金盏菊), ndipo amalowa mu bленд ngati zinthu zouma za maluwa. Mzere wa mitundu yofanana ndi kugawa kwa 桂花 kukhala 金桂 / 银桂 / 丹桂 kapena 玫瑰 kukhala 重瓣红玫瑰 / 平阴, gwero lathu silimalemba kalendula — chifukwa chake sitizilemba.

Terroir: chifukwa chake m’nkhaniyi mulibe geography

Kwa 花茶 enieni geography m’gwero imalembedwa ndendende ndipo ndi gawo la chidziwitso cha malonda: 茉莉花茶 — 福州, 横县, 苏州, 广西; 桂花茶 — 桂林, 咸宁, 苏州; 玫瑰花茶 — 平阴 (山东) ndi 广东; 白兰花茶 — 广州 ndi 苏州; 珠兰花茶 — 歙县 (徽州) ndi 福州; 玳玳花茶 — 江浙; 柚子花茶 — 福建 ndi 广东; 工艺花茶 — 黄山, 金华.

Kwa 金盏花 kulumikiza koteroko kulibe mu kafukufuku — palibe dera lopangira, palibe maziko a 茶坯, palibe mbiri. Sitikwaniritsa mzere umenewu mwa kulingalira: kusowa kwa nangula wa dera paokha ndi chidziwitso ndipo kumasiyanitsa kalendula ndi 花茶 iliyonse yokhazikika, kumene dera ndi njira ya 窨 sizingalekanitsidwe ndi dzina.

Kukonza: njira ziwiri zosiyana za umisiri

Chinsinsi chomvetsetsa kalendula ndi kusiyanitsa njira ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri zomwe duwa limalowera mu kapu.

Njira 1: 窨制 (duwa lamoyo). Kununkhiritsa kwachikale kumafuna duwa lomwe pa gawo linalake la kutseguka limapereka fungo mwamphamvu, pamene maziko a tiyi amatenga fungo; kuzungulira kumabwerezedwa kambiri (mu mitundu yapamwamba — 多次窨). Pa umisiri umenewu pamakhazikika chilinganizo cha 茉莉花茶: “窨得茉莉无上味,” mbiri 鲜灵浓醇 — “moyo” watsopano, kukhuthala, kusalala. Kalendula m’gawo ili silinalembedwe m’gwero.

Njira 2: 干花 (duwa louma m’zophatikizika). Apa kalendula ali ndi malo enieni, ngakhale ochepa. Gwero limalongosola 工艺花茶 / 开花茶 (gōngyì huāchá) monga “干花 + 绿茶芽,” kumanga pamanja (手工捆扎), bud limodzi (单芽) ngati maziko, ndi “kutseguka” mu galasi — ndi cholemba chachindunji kuti cholinga ndi chokongoletsa (M). Ndi mu kapangidwe kameneka, komanso mu zosakaniza zaulere, pamene masamba owala ou ma amalowa ngati chinthu chowoneka. Uku si 窨制: fungo silimaperekedwa ku masamba pasadakhale, zigawo zimangokhala pamodzi m’malo mouma ndipo zimatulutsidwa padera pakupanga.

Padera pali chitsanzo cha 菊普 (jú pǔ) — kusakaniza duwa ndi 普洱熟. Gwero lathu limalipereka ngati chitsanzo cha malonda apakati, osati okhazikika, ndipo chenjezo lomwelo limagwira ntchito ku zosakaniza zilizonse za “duwa + tiyi” ndi kalendula.

Miyezo: zomwe tinganene ndi zomwe sitinganene

Apa timasiya malo opanda kanthu mwadala. Mu gawo la 花茶 mbendera ya O (boma/muyezo) imayikidwa kokha pa 茉莉花茶 — kutanthauza kuti nangula wa muyezo wa gulu lonse amamangiriridwa ku kukhalapo kwa maziko a tiyi ndi ku umisiri wa 窨制; manambala enieni a GB/T satha kulembedwa konse m’gwero, ndipo kalendula alibe mzere ngakhale umodzi. Sitizipeka. Phunziro lothandiza kwa owerenga ndi losavuta ndipo lingatsimikizidwe ndi mfundo za gulu:

• malonda opanda masamba a tiyi m’zophatikizika si 花茶 m’lingaliro la gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri — ndi 花草茶 / 代用茶;
• malonda a “kalendula + tiyi” ayenera kuwerengedwa malinga ndi maziko ake a tiyi; mu ndondomeko yathu zosakaniza zoterezi zimadutsa ngati zapakati — mwa chitsanzo cha 菊普, osati ngati “金盏花茶”;
• mawu akuti “花茶” pa phukusi popanda kutchula 茶坯 ndi njira ya 窨 ndi a malonda, osati a gulu.

Kukoma ndi kupanga

Chopereka cha kalendula ku chakumwa chimakhala chachikulu pamitundu: masamba ouma amapereka mwamsanga ku madzi mtundu wofunda wa golide-lalanje, pamene katundu wa fungo ndi kukoma amakhalabe ofooka — ndendende chosiyana ndi jasmini, kumene mbiri 鲜灵浓醇 imatsimikizira malonda onse (kuwona kwa msika, mbendera V/C; m’gwero loyambira mbiri ya 金盏花 siinalongosoledwe).

Kuchokera pamenepo pamatuluka njira yopangira: tsatirani kupanga malinga ndi maziko a tiyi, osati duwa. Ngati bленд yamangidwa pa 烘青绿茶 kapena pa 绿茶芽坯 (monga mu 工艺花茶 zokongoletsa), malamulo a tiyi wobiriwira amagwira ntchito: madzi ofewa, kutentha kwapakati, kupanga kwaufupi, zida za galasi — kuphatikizapo chifukwa chakuti zotsatira za “kutseguka” zimapangidwira kuwonedwa mu galasi. Ngati kalendula ili pafupi ndi 普洱熟 mwa chitsanzo cha 菊普, njira imatsimikiziridwa ndi shu: madzi otentha kwambiri, kutulutsa kwautali. Chakumwa chochokera ku masamba okhaokha chilibe ubale ndi tiyi ndipo mu gulu lathu chimadutsa mu foda ya maluwa ouma.

Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe: chifukwa chake palibe nthano

Kwa 花茶 angapo gwero limalemba kuya kwa mbiri: 珠兰花茶 — wofewa, wakale 徽州 (mbendera A), 茉莉花茶 — wolamulira wolembedwa wa gulu № 1 ndi mwambi wake (O+A). Kalendula sanasiye chizindikiro chotere mu gawo la tiyi: alibe chilinganizo chandakatulo chachikale, alibe sukulu yolembedwa ya 窨. Udindo wolondola ndi kumuwerenga ngati chinthu chamakono cha bленд ndi mitundu yokongoletsa, osati ngati mwambo wotayika. Izi sizichepetsa mtengo wa malonda, koma zimakhazikitsa ndondomeko yoona ya zoyembekezera.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi zoyenera kuyang’ana

Kuchokera ku 花茶 weniweni. Fufuzani zizindikiro ziwiri zofunikira: maziko a tiyi 茶坯 (chápēi) ndi kutchula umisiri wa 窨. Ngati pouma tiyi ndi duwa zangosakanizidwa, ndipo masamba ndi aakulu ndi owala — pamaso panu pali kusakaniza ndi duwa louma, osati tiyi wonunkhiritsidwa.

Kuchokera ku 菊花. Chrysanthemum pouma — nthawi zambiri maluwa athunthu-”mitu” (kuphatikizapo 杭白菊), omwe m’madzi amatseguka kukhala duwa lodziwika. Kalendula nthawi zambiri amapezeka ngati masamba athyathyathya a lilime otalikirana amtundu wofanana wa chikasu-lalanje kapena ngati maluwa osweka; “mutu” wathunthu sakupanga mu kapu.

Kusintha kwa msika ndi kusokonezeka (mbendera C, kuwona kwa ogula). M’chiyankhulo 金盏花 / 金盏菊 nthawi zambiri amasakanizidwa ndi marigold (万寿菊) ndi maluwa ena owala ouma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupaka mtundu chakumwa. Malangizo othandiza pogula: kufanana kwa mtundu popanda zidutswa za bulauni ndi zotayika, kusowa kwa mapesi ndi zinyalala, kusowa kwa fungo lakuthwa la fumbi, kuwonekera kwa zophatikizika pa phukusi. Ngati wopanga sanatchule duwa liti ndi gawo liti lomwe lili mu kusakaniza, ndipo dzina likulonjeza “花茶,” ichi ndi chifukwa chowerengeranso zophatikizika, osati kufotokoza.

Chomaliza cha katalogu. 金盏花 — malo a gawo la “maluwa ndi zouma”: si limodzi mwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi, si 窨制 花茶, si chonyamula terroir m’lingaliro la tiyi. Malo ake oona ndi gawo la zokongoletsa ndi mitundu ya zosakaniza, ndipo malonda oterowo ayenera kuwerengedwa malinga ndi ubwino wa maziko a tiyi omwe amakhala nawo pafupi.

the teas described here are available from teamotea