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I-Calendula iyimbali eyomile okuthi ekuhwebeni kwetiye laseShayina ihlala eduze netiye, kodwa hhayi ngaphakathi kwalo: ohlelweni lwe-花茶 (huāchá) ayinayo eyayo 茶坯, futhi ayikho isiko le-窨制. Sihlaziya ukuthi imi kuphi ngqo ekuhlukaniseni, umehluko wayo etiyeni langempela elinephunga, nokuthi kufundwa kanjani ukwakheka kwama-blend lapho amacembe ayo ebonakala khona kakhulu.

Indawo ohlelweni: kungani lokhu kuyifolda ethi «izimbali nezomile», hhayi i-花茶

Impahla yethu eyisisekelo ye-花茶 ibeka uhlaka oluqinile. I-花茶 iyi-再加工茶 (zàijiāgōng chá), isigaba sesikhombisa ngaphandle kwezigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo zetiye, futhi yakhiwe ngezingxenye ezimbili eziphoqelekile: isisekelo setiye 茶坯 (chápēi) — ngokuvamile i-烘青绿茶, kuyaqabukela i-红茶, i-乌龙, i-白茶 — nembali enephunga elimnandi, enikela iphunga layo eqabungeni ngenqubo ye-窨制 (yìnzhì). Uhlu lwe-canonical lwe-窨花 kulolu hlaka luyaziwa futhi luncane: 茉莉 (i-jasmine), 桂花 (i-osmanthus), 玫瑰 (i-rose), 白兰 (i-magnolia), 珠兰 (i-chloranthus, 金粟兰), 玳玳花 (i-daidai), 柚子花 (imbali ye-pomelo).

I-calendula ayikho kulolu hlu — futhi lokhu akukhona ukuyeka ngephutha. Leyo mpahla ngokufanayo iphawula i-菊花 kanye ne-菊普 njengezikhundla ezisemngceleni nombhalo oqondile: «i-菊花 ngokwayo ayilona iqabunga letiye». I-calendula ngokwesayensi yezitshalo ingeyesifanayo somndeni we-Asteraceae njenge-chrysanthemum, futhi ingena esigabeni sengqondo esifanayo ncamashi: impahla yokwenza ukumnika okubizwa ngokuthi 花草茶 / 代用茶 ekusetshenzisweni kwemakethe — ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba eziyisithupha zetiye. Kuyilapho-ke kuvela ifolda yethu: IZIMBALI NEZOMILE.

Ngokohlelo lwamafulegi olwamukelwe esigabeni se-花茶 (O — okusemthethweni/izinga, A — imfundo/umlando, M — imakethe, V — umdayisi, C — umphakathi) i-calendula kufanele ngokwethembeka iphawulwe njenge-C exutshwe ne-M: ikhona njengeqiniso lemakethe nelabathengi, kodwa ayinayo i-anchor esemgangathweni noma yomlando ngaphakathi kwe-taxonomy yetiye.

Izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye ne-«cultivar»: lokho i-calendula engenakho

Ezihlokweni ngetiye kule ndawo kukhona isigaba nge-cultivar — futhi lapha ukwethembeka kwe-methodological kubalulekile. Ku-花茶 i-cultivar ayiyona eyembali, kodwa eyesisekelo: amafomu e-jasmine e-premium (茉莉龙珠, 茉莉银针, 茉莉大白毫) akhona ngoba asekelwe ku-绿茶芽坯 enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-白毫, futhi yilona hlobo lwesihlahla setiye olunquma ukuminyana kwe-villi, ukwakheka kwenaliti, nekhono lokumelana ne-窨 okuphindaphindiwe.

I-calendula ayinayo i-«cultivar» ngomqondo wetiye: izimbali zesitshalo se-herbaceous sohlobo lwe-Calendula (ekusetshenzisweni kwesiShayina 金盏花, futhi 金盏菊), futhi ku-blend zingena njengezinto ezomile zezimbali. Imigqa ye-varietal efana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-桂花 ku-金桂 / 银桂 / 丹桂 noma i-玫瑰 ku-重瓣红玫瑰 / 平阴, umthombo wethu we-calendula awuyibhali — ngakho-ke asiyilethi.

I-Terroir: kungani kule ndatshana kungekho geography

Kuma-花茶 angempela i-geography emthonjeni ibhalwe ngokunembile futhi iyingxenye yobunikazi bomkhiqizo: 茉莉花茶 — 福州, 横县, 苏州, 广西; 桂花茶 — 桂林, 咸宁, 苏州; 玫瑰花茶 — 平阴 (Shandong) kanye ne-广东; 白兰花茶 — 广州 kanye ne-苏州; 珠兰花茶 — 歙县 (Huizhou) kanye ne-福州; 玳玳花茶 — 江浙; 柚子花茶 — 福建 kanye ne-广东; 工艺花茶 — 黄山, 金华.

Nge-金盏花 ukuxhumanisa okunjalo ku-research track akukho — akukho ndawo yokukhiqiza, akukho base ye-茶坯, akukho profile. Asiyakhi le migqa ngokuqagela: ukungabikho kwe-anchor yesifunda ngokwako kunolwazi futhi kuhlukanisa i-calendula kunoma iyiphi i-花茶 esemgangathweni, lapho isifunda nendlela ye-窨 kungahlukaniseki egameni.

Ukucubungula: imizila emibili ehlukene yobuchwepheshe

Ukhiye wokuqonda i-calendula ukuze uhlukanise izindlela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele imbali engena ngazo enkomishini.

Umzila 1: 窨制 (imbali ephilayo). I-aromatization yakudala idinga imbali okuthi esigabeni esithile sokuvuleka ikhiphe iphunga layo ngenkuthalo, kuyilapho isisekelo setiye siyalimunca; umjikelezo uphindwa kaningi (kuma-premium forms — 多次窨). Kungenxa yalobuchwepheshe ifomula ye-茉莉花茶 imile: «窨得茉莉无上味», iprofile ethi 鲜灵浓醇 — «ukuphila» okusha, ukuminyana, ukubushelelezi. I-calendula kule ndima ayibhalwanga emthonjeni.

Umzila 2: 干花 (imbali eyomile ekwakhiweni). Lapha i-calendula ine-slot yangempela, nakuba incane. Umthombo uchaza i-工艺花茶 / 开花茶 (gōngyì huāchá) njenge-«干花 + 绿茶芽», ukubopha ngesandla (手工捆扎), i-bud eyodwa (单芽) njenge-framework, kanye ne-«blossoming» engilazini — nombhalo oqondile wokuthi inhloso iwukuhlobisa (M). Kungenxa yalokhu kwakhiwa, kanye nasezingxubeni ezikhululekile, lapho amacembe omile agqamile engena khona njenge-elementi ebonakalayo. Lokhu akusiyona i-窨制: iphunga alidluliselwa eqabungeni kusengaphambili, izingxenye zimane zihlala ndawonye esimweni esomile futhi zikhishwa ngokuhlukene ngesikhathi sokuphisa.

Ngokuhlukile kukhona imodeli ye-菊普 (jú pǔ) — ukuhlanganisa imbali ne-普洱熟. Umthombo wethu uyiletha njengesibonelo somkhiqizo osemngceleni, hhayi ojwayelekile, futhi lowo mbhalo oqondile usebenza kunoma yiziphi izingxube ze-«flor + tea» ezine-calendula.

Amazinga: yini ongayisho futhi ongakwazi ukuyisho

Lapha sishiya indawo engenalutho ngamabomu. Ku-track ye-花茶 ifulegi elithi O (okusemthethweni/izinga) limi kuphela ku-茉莉花茶 — okusho ukuthi i-anchor esemgangathweni yesigaba ixhunywe ebukhoneni besisekelo setiye kanye nobuchwepheshe be-窨制; imaterial ayinikeli izinombolo eziqondile ze-GB/T nhlobo, futhi nge-calendula ayinayo ngisho umugqa owodwa. Ngeke siziqambe. Isiphetho esisebenzayo somfundi silula futhi singahlolwa ngengqondo yokuhlukanisa:

• umkhiqizo ongenalo iqabunga letiye ekwakhekeni kwawo awuyona i-花茶 ngomqondo wesigaba sesikhombisa — iyi-花草茶 / 代用茶;
• umkhiqizo othi «i-calendula + itiye» kufanele ufundwe ngesisekelo sawo setiye; ohlakeni lwethu izingxube ezinjalo zidlula njengezisemngceleni — ngokwemodeli ye-菊普, hhayi njenge-«金盏花茶»;
• igama elithi «花茶» ephaketheni ngaphandle kokukhomba i-茶坯 nendlela ye-窨 — limakethi, hhayi ukuhlukanisa.

Ukunambitheka nokuphisa

Umnikelo we-calendula ekuphuzweni ngokuyinhloko ungowombala: amacembe omile ashesha ukunika amanzi ithoni efudumele esagolide-owolintshi, kuyilapho umthwalo wephunga nokunambitheka uhlala ubuthakathaka — okuphambene ncamashi ne-jasmine, lapho iprofile ye-鲜灵浓醇 inquma wonke umkhiqizo (ukubonwa kwemikhuba yemakethe, ifulegi V/C; ematerial eyisisekelo iprofile ye-金盏花 ayichazwanga).

Kulokhu kuvela indlela yokuphisa: phatha i-pour ngesisekelo setiye, hhayi ngembali. Uma i-blend yakhelwe ku-烘青绿茶 noma ku-绿茶芽坯 (njengakuma-工艺花茶 wokuhlobisa), imithetho yetiye eliluhlaza iyasebenza: amanzi athambile, izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, ukuphisa okufushane, izitsha zengilazi — ngoba umphumela we-«blossoming» uklanyelwe ukubonwa ngeso engilazini. Uma i-calendula ihlala ne-普洱熟 ngokwemodeli ye-菊普, indlela inqunywa yi-shu: amanzi ashisayo, ukukhishwa isikhathi eside. Ukumnika okumsulwa okuvela emacembeni kuphela akusekho ukuhlobana netiye futhi ekuhlukaniseni kwethu kudlula kwifolda yezimbali ezomile.

Umlando namasiko: kungani lapha kungekho lyricism

Kuma-花茶 amaningana umthombo ubhala ukujula komlando: 珠兰花茶 — ethambile, yakudala 徽州 (ifulegi A), 茉莉花茶 — ubukhosi besigaba № 1 obubhalwe phansi nobunezaga zayo (O+A). I-calendula ayishiyanga umkhondo onjalo ku-tea track: ayinayo ifomula yakudala yezinkondlo, futhi ayikho isikole se-窨 esibhaliwe. Isimo esifanele ukuyifunda njenge-elementi yesimanje yama-blend namafomu wokuhlobisa, hhayi njengesiko elilahlekile. Lokhu akwehlisi inani lomkhiqizo, kodwa kubeka uhlaka lwezinto ezilindelekile ngokwethembeka.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele uyihlole

Kuyi-花茶 yangempela. Funa izimpawu ezimbili eziphoqelekile: isisekelo setiye 茶坯 (chápēi) kanye nokukhonjwa kobuchwepheshe be-窨. Uma esimweni esomile itiye nembali zimane zixutshiwe, futhi amacembe makhulu futhi agqamile — phambi kwakho kukhona ingxube nembali eyomile, hhayi itiye elinephunga.

Kuyi-菊花. I-chrysanthemum esimweni esomile ngokuvamile iyizinhloko zezimbali eziphelele (kufaka phakathi i-杭白菊), ezivuleka emanzini zibe imbali ebonakalayo. I-calendula ivame ukuvela njengamacembe ahlukanisiwe ayisicaba e-linguate ethoni efanayo ephuzi-owolintshi noma njengezimbali ezihlakaziwe; ayinikezi «ikhanda» eliphelele enkomishini.

Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwemakethe nokudideka (ifulegi C, ukubonwa kwabathengi). Ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke i-金盏花 / 金盏菊 ivame ukudidaniswa nama-marigold (万寿菊) kanye nezinye izimbali ezomile ezigqamile ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka umbala ekuphuzweni. Izinkomba ezisebenzayo ekuthengeni: ukufana kwethoni ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezinsundu nezifiphele, ukungabikho kweziqu nemfucuza, ukungabikho kwephunga elibukhali lothuli, ukucaca kokwakheka ephaketheni. Uma umkhiqizi engakhombisi ukuthi iyiphi imbali nokuthi ingxenye yayo ingakanani engxubeni, futhi igama lithembisa i-«花茶», lesi yisizathu sokufunda kabusha ukwakheka, hhayi incazelo.

Isiphetho sekhathalogu. I-金盏花 iyisikhundla sesigaba se-«zimbali nezomile»: akusiyona enye yezigaba eziyisithupha zetiye, akusiyona i-窨制 花茶, akusiyona umthwali we-terroir ngomqondo wetiye. Indawo yayo ethembekile iyingxenye yokuhlobisa neyombala yezingxube, futhi umkhiqizo onjalo kufanele uhlolwe ngekhwalithi yesisekelo setiye esihlala nayo.

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