Fúdǐng lǜchá · thetea.app

Fuding Lücha (Fúdǐng lǜchá, 福鼎绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Fuding (福鼎市) m’chigawo cha Ningde kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa nyanja m’chigawo cha Fujian, m’dera lomwe limatchedwa “zipata zakumpoto” za chigawochi. Fuding ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha tiyi woyera, ndipo tiyi wobiriwira wakhala mumthunzi wake, ngakhale kuti anatetezedwa kale: malinga ndi mndandanda wa m’chigawo, dzina la “福鼎绿茶” linatetezedwa ndi chilengezo cha AQSIQ cha 2004 № 14, zaka zisanu msanga kuposa dzina la “福鼎白茶”. Sindinawone malemba a chilengezocho, ndipo sindingapeze mafotokozedwe omasuka a tiyiyo, mitundu yake, ukadaulo, kapena maonekedwe: ili ndi dzina lotetezedwa, lomwe zolemba zimalankhula zambiri kuposa tsamba lenileni.

1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) malinga ndi dzina lake. Sindinawone chikalata chokhudza ukadaulo.
Gulu: Chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chiyambi (2004); m’mndandanda wa m’chigawo pali mawu oti “chinthu chochokera ku chiyambi” (原产地产品).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), chigawo cha mzinda wa Ningde (宁德, Níngdé), boma la Fuding (福鼎, Fúdǐng).
Dera lotetezedwa: M’mndandanda, zolembedwa zimayikidwa ku Fuding, ndipo pamndandanda wa olemba pali ofesi ya zachidziwitso ya Fuding (福鼎市知识产权局). Sindinawone malire amilandu a dera.
Njira yotetezera: Chilengezo cha AQSIQ 2004 № 14; tsiku lolembedwa ndi 4 February 2004. Palibe chizindikiro chapadera pamndandandawu. Pa 30 June 2026, zolembedwa zili m’mndandanda wa zinthu zotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chiyambi m’chigawo. Palibe chizindikiro cha certification cha “福鼎绿茶” m’mndandanda wa zizindikiro za chigawo pa tsiku lomwelo.
Malo ogwirizana: Fuding ndi 26°52′–27°26′ N ndi 119°55′–120°43′ E (malinga ndi zolemba za mzinda).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Tiyi wa Fuding mwachilengedwe. Ofesi ya tiyi ya Fuding (2022) imanena kuti m’bomali akhala akupanga tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira, wachikasu, wamaluwa, ndi woyera. Palibe mbiri yolembedwa ya tiyi wobiriwira m’mene tinapeza zolemba: zolemba zakale zomwe ofesiyi imatchula zimakamba za tiyi woyera ndi phiri la Taimushan.
- 2004. Pa 4 February, malinga ndi mndandanda, chilengezo chimodzi cha AQSIQ № 14 chinateteza “福鼎绿茶”, “太姥山绿雪芽茶” ndi manyuchi a Fuding “福鼎四季柚”; momwemonso m’mndandanda panalembedwa bonsai ya mkuyu wa “沙西榕树盆景” ya m’boma la Zhangpu.
- 2005. Chilengezo cha AQSIQ № 8 chinaikapo mayina ena anayi a tiyi a Fuding: “福鼎白毫银针”, “福鼎白琳工夫”, “福鼎大白茶” ndi “福鼎太姥绿雪芽”.
- 2009. Chilengezo № 32 chinateteza “福鼎白茶”, pokhala ndi chizindikiro chapadera, chomwe zolemba za 2004 zilibe.
- Masiku ano. Malinga ndi zolemba za ofesi ya tiyi ya Fuding, mu 2020 boma linakolola matani 32.4 th. a tiyi, mwa iwo matani 25.3 th. a tiyi woyera. “Nongmin Ribao” (2024) limanena ziwerengero za 2023: minda ya tiyi 362 th. mu, yobala zipatso 305 th. mu, tiyi matani 32 th., mwa iwo woyera matani 23 th. Kuchuluka kwa wobiriwira komwe kunatsala, zolemba sizikunena.
Dzina: “Fuding” (福鼎) ndilo dzina la boma; malinga ndi zolemba za mzinda, linachokera ku nsonga ya Fudingfeng (覆鼎峰) ya phiri la Taimushan. “Lücha” (绿茶) ndi “tiyi wobiriwira”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi zolemba za ofesi ya tiyi, Fuding ndi boma lokhalo lomwe bungwe la boma lonse linapatsa dzina la “中国白茶之乡”, “kwawo kwa tiyi woyera ku China”. Tiyi wobiriwira m’chithunzichi ndi umodzi mwa mizere isanu, ndipo m’zolemba za boma za Fuding zomwe tapeza palibe zambiri za iye.

3. Kufotokoza Zomera ndi Zipangizo

Mitundu / Mbewu: Zolemba zomwe tapeza sizikunena kuti chitetezo cha 2004 chimalola mitundu iti. Mitundu yodziwika ya m’derali, malinga ndi ofesi ya tiyi ya Fuding, ndi Fuding Dabaicha (Fúdǐng dàbáichá, “华茶1号”) ndi Fuding Dahaocha (Fúdǐng dàháochá, “华茶2号”): masamba a onse awiri amakutidwa ndi ubweya wambiri, onse anakhala mitundu yabwino ya boma ndipo anafalikira m’dziko lonse. Ofesiyi imati ndi zipangizo zabwino kwambiri za tiyi woyera; za wobiriwira sizimalankhula payekha.
Zipangizo: Malinga ndi zolemba za ofesi, pa mitundu yonse isanu ya tiyi m’bomali amatenga masamba achichepere ndi tsamba latsopano. Palibe muyezo wokolola wa tiyi wobiriwira m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.
Nthawi yokolola: Palibe zolemba zomwe tapeza.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa nyanja ya Fujian. Malinga ndi zolemba za mzinda, dera la Fuding ndi 1526.3 km², mapiri ndi zitunda zimatenga 88.1% ya nthaka, nsonga yapamwamba kwambiri ndi phiri la Qinglongshan (青龙山), 1141 m. Boma limazunguliridwa ndi mapiri mbali zitatu ndipo mbali imodzi limayang’ana nyanja.
Nyengo: Malinga ndi ofesi ya tiyi, nyengo yapakati pa subtropical ya monsoon ya nyanja: dzinja lopanda kuzizira koopsa, chilimwe chopanda kutentha kotha.
Nthaka: Malinga ndi zolemba zomwezo, nthaka zofiira, zachikasu, zofiirira ndi za alluvial (潮土), zofewa ndi zachonde, zodzala ndi organic ndi mchere.
Kutalika kwa minda: Palibe zolemba zomwe tapeza.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Palibe ukadaulo wa tiyi wobiriwira wa Fuding m’zolemba zomwe tapeza, ngakhalenso chikalata chokhala ndi zofunikira. Pansipa pali njira yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokoza kwa tiyiyu:

Kuyala tsamba latsopano (摊放, tānfàng): Tsamba limayalidwa pamzere wopyapyala kuti litulutse chinyezi chochepa.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa okisijeni ndikusunga mtundu wobiriwira.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào): Ndi mpweya wotentha kapena m’mphika.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona

Sindinawone chikalata chokhala ndi zofunikira za maonekedwe.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.
Fungo la madzi: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.
Kukoma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.
Mtundu wa madzi: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.
Tsamba pansi (tsamba lophikidwa): Palibe mafotokozedwe m’zolemba zomwe tapeza.

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati mwa Tiyi

Palibe zolemba za physicochemical zomwe tapeza.

8. Kaphikidwe

Njira yodziwika ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chotengera: Galasi lagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa chotengera.
3. Kupaka koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo lina la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kubwereza kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yodziwika. M’paketi yotsekeka, m’firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe zolemba za mitengo zomwe tapeza.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Yang’anani dzina pa paketi: m’mndandanda wa Fujian pali pafupi “福鼎绿茶” (2004), “太姥山绿雪芽茶” (2004) ndi “福鼎太姥绿雪芽” (2005), zomwe ndi zolemba zosiyana.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa ku Fuding.
- Kumbukirani kuti “福鼎大白茶” ndi dzina la mtundu wa mbewu, womwe, malinga ndi ofesi ya tiyi ya Fuding, umalimidwa m’dziko lonse: mtundu pa paketi siutsimikizira kuti ndi wa ku Fuding.
- Palibe chizindikiro chapadera pa zolemba za “福鼎绿茶” m’mndandanda, ndipo palibe chizindikiro cha certification ndi dzina limeneli m’mndandanda wa zizindikiro; chizindikiro pa paketi chiyenera kufananizidwa ndi mndandanda, osati kungochikhulupirira.

11. Zosangalatsa

Chitetezo cha dzina la “福鼎绿茶” (2004) ndi chachikale zaka zisanu kuposa chitetezo cha dzina la “福鼎白茶” (2009); woyera “福鼎白毫银针” anatetezedwa mu 2005.
Ndi chilengezo chimodzi, sanatetezedwe kokha tiyi wa Lüxueya, komanso manyuchi a Fuding.
“福鼎大白茶” m’mndandanda wa Fujian ndi dzina la chinthu chotetezedwa (2005) komanso dzina la mtundu womwe wafalikira kale ku zigawo zina.
Mu 2023, tiyi woyera anapereka pafupifupi matani 23 mwa matani 32 th. a tiyi a boma.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi wina wa Fuding ndi oyandikana nawo

Fuding Baicha (福鼎白茶): Tiyi wamkulu wa boma, woyera, wotetezedwa kuyambira 2009.
Taimushan Lüxueya Cha (太姥山绿雪芽茶): Dzina la phiri la Taimushan, lotetezedwa ndi chilengezo chomwecho cha 2004; gulu lake zolemba zimatsutsana, ngati ndi wobiriwira kapena woyera.
Fu’an Lücha (福安绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma loyandikana nalo la Fu’an m’chigawo chomwecho cha Ningde, ndi chizindikiro cha 2021.
Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wakale wa kum’mawa kwa Fujian, woyanikidwa ndi mpweya wotentha.
Wuping Lücha (武平绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo, poyerekeza mkati mwa Fujian.

Pomaliza:

Fuding Lücha ndi dzina lotetezedwa la tiyi wobiriwira m’boma lomwe dziko lonse limadziwa chifukwa cha tiyi woyera. Chitetezo cha 2004 chikutsimikiziridwa ndi mndandanda wa chigawo ndipo ndi chachikale kuposa chitetezo cha dzina la “福鼎白茶”, koma malemba a chilengezo, zofunikira za tsamba, mitundu ndi maonekedwe sizinapezeke m’zolemba zomwe zili poyera. Pakadali pano za iye tinganene zochepa: ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa boma lamapiri la m’mphepete mwa nyanja, kwawo kwa mitundu ya 福鼎大白茶 ndi 福鼎大毫茶; kuti chitetezo chimafuna mitundu iti ndi momwe tsamba liyenera kukhalira, zikudikira chikalata.