guìhuā báichá

I-osmanthus white tea yitiye elimhlophe eligcwele iphunga lezimbali ze-osmanthus enephunga elimnandi. Ngokohlelo lwezimpahla lwaseShayina, umkhiqizo onjalo awubalwa njengetiye elimhlophe njengesigaba, kodwa ubalwa “njengamatiye aphinde acutshungulwa” (再加工茶, zàijiāgōng chá) — iqembu lesikhombisa ngaphandle “kwezigaba eziyisithupha eziyinhloko”. Iqabunga lapha alikhiqizi uhlobo olusha lwe-oxidation: kuthathwa isisekelo setiye esivele silungile (茶坯, chápī) bese sigcwaliswa izinto eziguquguqukayo zembali entsha ngobuchwepheshe obubizwa nge-窨制 (yìnzhì). Igama nephrofayili kunqunywa yimbali, kanti isigaba sesisekelo sihlala siwumbuzo wemvelaphi yezinto zokusetshenziswa: esimweni se-桂花白茶 isisekelo siyitiye elimhlophe, ngokuvamile elisuka eFujian.

Kufanele ngokushesha kuhlukaniswe imikhiqizo emibili ehlukene, ehlala ixutshwa njalo ekuthengiseni. Izimbali ezihlanzekile ezomisiwe ze-osmanthus (桂花, guìhuā) — lokhu “okubambele esikhundleni setiye” (代用茶, dàiyòng chá), akukho qabunga le-Camellia sinensis kuzo nhlobo. Amatiye anephunga elimnandi — 桂花乌龙 (guìhuā wūlóng), 桂花红茶 (guìhuā hóngchá) kanye, ngokufanele, ne-桂花白茶 — isisekelo se-camellia, lapho i-osmanthus yenza umsebenzi wokuthwala iphunga. Okokuqala — ukumnika okuzimele kwezimbali, okwesibili — itiye.

Indawo ye-桂花白茶 ohlelweni lwe-花茶

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-花茶 kwakhiwa kalula ngezimbazo ezine: uhlobo lwembali, uhlobo lwesisekelo, uhlelo lokugcwalisa kanye nesifunda. I-osmanthus kulolu hlelo — imali ebonakalayo, kodwa hhayi ebusayo: indawo yokuqala ngokungangabazeki ithathwa yi-jasmine (茉莉花茶), kanti i-桂花茶 ilandela njengeqembu elilandelayo kanye ne-rose, i-magnolia ne-chloranthus. Izifunda eziyinhloko — iGuilin (桂林), iXianning (咸宁), iSuzhou (苏州), iphrofayili ichazwa kafushane nangokunembile: imnandi-ibhilikosi.

Isisekelo esimhlophe se-osmanthus — akusilo icebo labathengisi. Izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》 encazelweni yomkhiqizo (§3.1) libhala ngokuqondile izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivumelekile: «以绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、白茶等为原料，经整理、桂花鲜花窨制、干燥等工序制作而成» — okungukuthi itiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu, le-oolong nelimhlophe njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, bese kulandela ukulungiswa, ukugcwaliswa ngembali entsha ye-osmanthus nokomiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwango-2022 endimeni ehlukile yezinguquko lwafaka i-桂花白茶 esigabeni “sokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo namagreyidi”: «产品分类中增加桂花白茶（见第4章）».

Lapha kufanele sivume ngobuqotho ukusilela kwethu: ithebula elihlanganisiwe lezitayela ze-花茶 ezintweni zethu zokusebenza libala nge-osmanthus kuphela isisekelo esiluhlaza, se-oolong nesibomvu (绿/乌龙/红 坯). Lena iphutha lezinto zethu, hhayi iqiniso ngendaba, — izinga elisemgabeni ofanayo wezinqolobane libiza isisekelo esimhlophe ngombhalo oqondile. Incazelo efanele ithi: i-桂花白茶 isigaba esincane esijwayelekile, esamukelwa yizinga lemboni ohlelweni lwango-2022, kodwa ngaphandle kwesikole somlando saso.

Kungani isisekelo esimhlophe siyingozi kakhulu

Isisekelo esijwayelekile se-花茶 — i-烘青绿茶: itiye eliluhlaza elomiswe ngomoya oshisayo, elinoboya obuningi futhi elivulekile. Leli qabunga limunca kahle kakhulu iphunga futhi, okubaluleke ngokweqiniso, limelana nemijikelezo ephindaphindiwe yokumanzisa nokuphinda ukomiswe. Itiye elimhlophe lakhiwe ngendlela ehlukile, futhi lapha kuhlangana ubunzima obuningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Okokuqala — ukuminyana kokunambitheka. Itiye elimhlophe cishe alinawo “umzimba” waso ngalo mqondo okhona ku-oolong noma etiyeni elibomvu: akukho mnandi wokugazinga, akukho ukujula kwe-caramel, akukho isisekelo esinamandla esibabayo. Ukunambitheka kwetiye elimhlophe kwakhiwe ngobumnene — ukusha kwe-hay, ubumnene obulula bezimpaphe, ubumnandi obupholile, iphunga elincane loju kumaqoqwana agugile. I-osmanthus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyimbali enephunga elinamandla kakhulu ngosayizi omncane kakhulu: izwakala kude engadini. Ukuhlanganisa ngokuqondile, kulula ukuthola isiphuzo lapho kusala khona kuphela i-watery base etiyeni elimhlophe, kanti yonke indawo engaphambili ithathwa yimbali. Ngokusemthethweni lokhu kuseyitiye, empeleni — ukumnika kwezimbali namanzi etiye.

Okwesibili — ukuphikisana ngokuya ngendawo. Iphunga le-osmanthus lisesifundeni se-apricot-peach, soju, esincane “esifana ne-violet” (ngenothi lezithelo elibonakalayo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ama-lactones, ngethoni ye-violet — ama-ionones). Ingxenye yalawo mathoni iyahlangana nalokho itiye elimhlophe ngokwalo elikwazi ukukunikeza lapho ligugile: ubujusi, izithelo ezomile, ubumnandi obufudumele. Ukuhlangana kungasebenza kube kuhle — imbali iqhubeka nje ngomugqa wesisekelo, — kodwa futhi kungaphenduka ukungaguquki kokunambitheka: izendlalelo zombili zidonsela ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi inkomishi iba mnandi-icaba, ngaphandle komehluko.

Okwesithathu — ubuchwepheshe. Ukugcwalisa kusho ukuthintana kweqabunga elomile nembali ephilayo, okungukuthi ukumanzisa kwendawo kwesisekelo, ukufudumala kwesendlalelo, bese ukomiswa ngokucophelela. Itiye elimhlophe ngokwemvelo lomiswa kancane futhi alikuthandi ukuphinde lithintwe ukushisa: ukushisa okwengeziwe kudala ithoni “ebhakiwe”, engafanele etiyeni elimhlophe futhi ezwakala njengento yangaphandle. Izinga libeka umphumela, hhayi indlela: umswakama womkhiqizo osuphelile we-桂花茶 unomkhawulo (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-8.0 g/100 g), kanti izinga lokushisa nobude bokuphinda ukomiswe kwesisekelo esimhlophe emibhalweni esiyitholayo akuchazwanga — lokhu asikwazi ukukuqinisekisa.

Okwesine — ezomnotho. Isisekelo esihle esimhlophe sibiza kakhulu, kanti ukugcwalisa — umsebenzi ocekela phansi ngokungagwemeki ingxenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi usebenzisa ingxenye yembali ngokungenakubuyiselwa. Uma isisekelo sibiza kakhulu, kuncipha isifiso sokusibeka engcupheni yokugcwalisa kaninginingi.

Yiziphi izisekelo ezifanelekayo

Ngezansi — umcabango ngokufaneleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi incazelo yenkambiso ebonwayo: imininingwane yokuthi yisiphi isisekelo esimhlophe esisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-osmanthus asinayo.

Isisekelo	汉字	Ukufaneleka ngaphansi kwe-osmanthus	Amazwana
Bai mu dan	白牡丹 (báimǔdān)	inketho elinganiselwe kakhulu	ukuvumelana: kukhona kokubili ihlumela elinoboya kanye neqabunga, elinikeza okungenani “umzimba”; intengo iyabekezeleleka ekucutshungulweni
Bai hao yin zhen	白毫银针 (báiháo yínzhēn)	akunangqondo	isisekelo esibizayo nesintekenteke kakhulu; imbali enamandla icishe isimboze ngokuphelele, ukhokhela lokho okungeke kuzwakale
Shou mei / gong mei	寿眉 (shòuméi) / 贡眉 (gòngméi)	kuqinile, kodwa kulukhuni	iqabunga likhulu futhi liminyene ngokunambitheka, ingozi “yokulahleka” kwesisekelo incane, kodwa ubumnene buyehla

Umqondo kanje. I-白毫银针 — amahlumela amsulwa, umkhiqizo ogcwele ukubaluleka ku-sensitivity yawo kanye nokuthungwa kwempaphe. I-白牡丹 ihlanganisa kokubili ihlumela kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili: impaphe iyahlala (kanti uboya bumunca kahle izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo — lokhu kuyimpikiswano evuna isisekelo esimhlophe), kodwa kuvela ingxenye yeqabunga enikeza ukumnika isakhiwo esincane, imbali engakhela kuso. I-寿眉 ne-贡眉 — izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqine kakhulu ekugcwaliseni eqenjini elimhlophe, kodwa lapha uhlobo luqala ukusondela etiyeni elijwayelekile elingabizi elinephunga elimnandi. Yikuphi kulezi zinqumo okukhethwa ngabakhiqizi empeleni nangaziphi izilinganiso — asikuhlolanga.

Ngokuhlukile kufanele kubizwe isimo. I-jasmine line of premium forms (茉莉龙珠, 茉莉银针, 茉莉大白毫) likhombisile ukuthi “amaparele” asongelwe nezinaliti ziwusizo ku-花茶: ukusonga okuqinile kwehlisa ukukhishwa kwephunga futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo. Lapha kubalulekile amazwana ngemithombo: i-茉莉白龙珠 ngezinye izikhathi ichazwa njengetiye le-jasmine ngesisekelo esimhlophe, kodwa i-athikili yethu siqu nge-茉莉龙珠 iyifaka esisekelweni esiluhlaza se-烘青 futhi ichaza ukuthi “白” njengenkomba ye-白毫 — izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinoboya obuningi kakhulu ezinengxenye ephezulu yama-tips, hhayi isigaba se-白茶. Ukungqubuzana asikuxazululanga, ngakho-ke njengesibonelo sesisekelo esimhlophe leli tiye asilisebenzisi: isisekelo esimhlophe se-osmanthus simenyezwa yilelo zinga ngokwalo. Nge-osmanthus izinhlobo ezimhlophe ezisongelwe azivamile; ukuthi ukusongeka kweqabunga elimhlophe kuthinta kanjani ukugcinwa kwephunga le-osmanthus uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esixegayo — akukalinganiswa, futhi asinasizathu sokuqinisekisa ubuhle besinye isimo kunesinye.

Ubuchwepheshe: 窨制 kusetshenziswa esisekelweni esimhlophe

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokugcwalisa luyafana kuwo wonke ama-花茶:

1. Isisekelo nezimbali ezintsha zibekwa ngezendlalelo (窨制).
2. Isendlalelo siyahlukaniswa futhi sivulwe umoya, kususwa ukushisa — 通花散热 (tōng huā sànrè): imbali ephilayo “iyaphefumula” futhi iyashisa, ukushisa ngokweqile kubulala kokubili imbali neqabunga.
3. Imbali esebenzile iyahlungwa — 起花 (qǐhuā).
4. Umjikelezo uyaphindwa: 一窨, 二窨 nokunye, kuze kufike ku-七窨 ezinkampanini eziphakeme ze-jasmine. Inani lokugcwalisa (窨次, yìncì) emkhubeni we-jasmine lisebenza njengophawu oluyinhloko lwesigaba.
5. Isendlalelo sokugcina esincane sembali entsha — 提花 (tíhuā), “ukuphila” kwephunga eliphezulu.
6. Ukomiswa.

Ngesisekelo esimhlophe kubalulekile izinyathelo 2 no-6. Ukungenisa umoya kufanele kube njalo futhi kufushane, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushisa kwesendlalelo ngembali emanzi kuzoholela ukunambitheka “kokubola”. Ukomiswa kufanele kube kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze kungaguquli itiye elimhlophe libe elibhakiwe.

Mangaki imijikelezo enengqondo ngesisekelo esimhlophe — akwaziwa; emkhubeni we-jasmine ukubala kufinyelela kuyisikhombisa, kodwa lapho isisekelo siluhlaza futhi silungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukumanzisa kaninginingi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi “i-桂花白茶 yangempela kufanele ibe nenani elithile lama-窨次” akunakwenzeka, kodwa ngesizathu esihlukile kunalokho umuntu angacabanga: inkambiso yalolu hlangano ikhona, kuphela yakhiwe ngendlela ehlukile. I-GH/T 1117-2022 igreyida i-桂花茶 ngokuqina nokuphikelela kwephunga le-osmanthus ekumnikeni (i-eksisi ye-内质香气, isikali 特级 / 一级 / 二级 / 三级) futhi izuza njengefa igreyidi yetiye eliyisisekelo kuzinga laso lomkhiqizo, kanti inani lokugcwalisa alililinganisi nhlobo.

Kukhona nokukhetheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-osmanthus uqobo. Izimbali zincane kakhulu (cishe ama-4–5 mm), zivunwa ngokunyakaziswa phezu kwendwangu noma amanetha, zibuna ngokushesha futhi zilahlekelwa iphunga, ngakho-ke iwindi elisuka ekuvunweni kuya ekubekeni esendlalelweni lincane. Lokhu kubopha ukukhiqizwa endaweni yokuqhakaza, hhayi endaweni yokukhiqizwa kwetiye, — esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ama-花茶 e-osmanthus ngokomlando ehlotshaniswa neGuilin, Xianning naseSuzhou.

Izinhlobo ze-osmanthus

Iqembu lezinhlobo	汉字	Izimbali	Isimo sephunga
Igolide	金桂 (jīnguì)	ziphuzi	zigcwele, ngokuvamile zithandwa ekomisweni nasekufakeni iphunga
Isiliva	银桂 (yínguì)	zimhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo	zithambile ngethoni
Dangui	丹桂 (dānguì)	zi-orange-red	zibukeka kahle, umbala ogqamile
Ezinezinkathi ezine	四季桂 (sìjìguì)	ziqhakaza izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka	iphunga ngokuvamile libuthakathaka

Ngokugcwalisa kunengqondo kakhulu ukubukeka kwe-金桂 — njengeqembu elinephunga elinamandla; i-丹桂 ngokuvamile ibalulekile ngombala, okubaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokuhlobisa nasezigxotsheni zezimbali ezomile, kunase-窨制 uqobo. Kodwa imininingwane eqondile yokuthi yiliphi iqembu lezinhlobo elinikeza umphumela ongcono kakhulu esisekelweni esimhlophe asinayo, futhi izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe “zembali : isisekelo” ze-桂花白茶 emibhalweni esiyaziyo azilinganiselwe.

Isizini

Lapha i-osmanthus 白茶 inesici sesakhiwo esiyihlukanisa netiye le-jasmine. I-jasmine iqhakaza ehlobo, futhi isisekelo esiluhlaza sevuni lasentwasahlobo ngaleso sikhathi sesilungile — igebe phakathi kokuvunwa kweqabunga nokugcwalisa lincane. I-osmanthus iqhakaza ekwindla, cishe ngoMkhosi waphakathi nekwindla (中秋节, Zhōngqiū jié), futhi iphunga layo emasikweni amaShayina lihlotshaniswa ngokuqinile nekwindla nenyanga egcwele.

Itiye elimhlophe lezinga eliphezulu — umkhiqizo wevuni lasentwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kokwenziwa kwesisekelo nokugcwalisa kudlula izinyanga ezimbalwa zokugcinwa. Lokhu ngokwako akulona iphutha: itiye elimhlophe ligcinwa ngendlela evamile. Kodwa kusho ukuthi isisekelo ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa sesiqalile indlela yaso yokushintsha — nokuthi iqoqo le-桂花白茶 lihlala liphethe iminyaka emibili ehlukene: ubudala beqabunga nobudala bembali. Umkhiqizo awukwazi ngokomzimba ukuba “usha” ngalo mqondo usha ngawo i-白牡丹 esanda kwenziwa.

Okusenkomishini

Iphrofayili elindelekile yeqoqo eliphumelelayo: ukumnika okusobala kombala osagolide okhanyayo; ephungeni — inothi elimnandi le-apricot-peach elinomsuka woju; ekunambithekeni ubumnene ngaphandle kobubabhu obugqamile, ukunambitheka kwembali okude; isisekelo esimhlophe sizwakala njengomsuka opholile we-hay nanjengokuthungwa — amanzi anempaphe, anamathele kancane. Inkomba evamile yegreyidi ephakeme yakhiwe ku-GH/T 1117-2022 (ithebula 1) kanje: «桂花香浓郁鲜灵持久，汤中桂花香显» — iphunga le-osmanthus eliminyene, eliphilayo neliphikelelayo, elibonakalayo ekumnikeni, hhayi kuphela eqabungeni elomile. Ngaphansi kwesikali (一级, 二级, 三级) izidingo zokuminyana, “ukuphila” nokuphikelela ziyancishiswa ngokulandelana; imisho yezwi nezwi yalemi migqa asiyinikezi lapha.

Izimpawu zeqoqo elingaphumelelanga: imbali ime ngokuhlukile netiye, “ngaphezulu” kwalo, futhi ishabalala ngemuva kokuchithwa kokuqala noma kwesibili, ishiya amanzi angenalutho; noma ubumnandi buba mnandi ngokweqile, bunjengeparfum, ngaphandle kwentuthuko; noma ngemuva kuvela iphunga elibhakiwe noma elibolile lokomiswa okungenakekeli.

Ukuhlukanisa ukugcwalisa ezimbalini ezingezelwe

Lona umbuzo ongokoqobo obalulekile wohlobo. I-窨制 yangempela isho ukuthi imbali isebenzile futhi yahlungwa (起花); etiyeni eselilungile ingase ingabikho nhlobo, ngaphandle kwesendlalelo sokugcina esincane se-提花. Izimbali eziningi ezomile eqabungeni elomile — akulona uphawu lwekhwalithi, kodwa ngokuvamile uphawu lokuthi iphunga lifakwe ngokubukwayo.

Okufanele kubhekwe:

• Isilinganiso “sokubonwayo / sokuzwakalayo”. Uma kunezimbali eziningi etiyeni elomile, futhi iphunga leqabunga elomile libuthakathaka — izimbali, cishe, zihlobisa, zifakwe ngemuva kokomiswa.
• Ukuziphatha kwephunga ekuchitheni. Iqabunga eligcwalisiwe likhipha ingxenye yezimbali kancane kancane, kanye netiye. Izimbali ezifakiwe zinikeza ukuchithwa kokuqala okubukhali nokuwa okusheshayo.
• Isimo sezimbali. Imbali esebenze ku-窨制 ibukeka “isetshenzisiwe” — imnyama, ishwabene. Izimbali ezigqamile, eziphuzi ngokungemvelo noma ezi-orange eziphelele — izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingazange zibambe iqhaza ekugcwaliseni. Okunye okumangalisayo — ukufakwa kombala: amanzi anombala ngesikhathi sokugeza.
• Ukuba khona kukadoti. Amagatsha amaningi namaqabunga engxenyeni yezimbali — izinga eliphansi lezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimbali.
• Ukudideka egameni. Ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi “kwe-osmanthus” kuthengiswa itiye elinokufakwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphambene: ngaphansi kwegama “itiye le-osmanthus” — izimbali ezimsulwa ngaphandle kwe-camellia.

Kufanele ngokushesha kucaciswe: lezi zinkomba, hhayi ukuhlolwa. Kukhona imikhiqizo esemthethweni, lapho izimbali zifakwa ngamabomu futhi zimenyezelwa njengokufakwa, — akunakubi ngokwazo, kuphela ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile. Alukho uphawu oluthi ngaphandle luthembekile luhlukanise “ukugcwalisa kathathu” ku-“kanye nokufakwa okungezelelwe”.

Ukwenziwa

Umgomo ojwayelekile: wehlisa izinga lokushisa ngokuqhathaniswa nendlela yokwenza itiye elimhlophe elimsulwa, futhi unganikezi ukumnika okude.

• Amanzi. Inkomba — cishe 80–90 °C. Ezimbalini ezimsulwa ze-osmanthus ngokuvamile kuthathwa 85–90 °C, amanzi abilayo aqinile enza iphunga libe lihlaza; isisekelo esimhlophe asidingi amanzi abilayo futhi. Umkhawulo ophansi wobubanzi unengqondo ngezisekelo ze-白牡丹 nasehlumeleni, ophezulu — nge-寿眉.
• Isilinganiso nezitsha. Isitsha sengilazi noma i-gaiwan; ingilazi ecacile lapha ilusizo, ngoba ivumela ukulandelela kokubili umbala wokumnika kanye nesimo sezimbali. Ukusonga okuqinile (uma isimo sisongiwe) kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuvuleka.
• Isikhathi. Ukuchithwa okufushane ngokwandayo: ingxenye yezimbali ihamba ngaphambi kwengxenye yeqabunga, futhi ukumnika kokuqala okude “kuyashisa” ngokushesha.
• Okufanele kugwenywe. Ithemosi nokumnika okude: iphunga le-osmanthus liyaphela ngokushesha, futhi isisekelo esimhlophe ngokukhishwa okude sinikeza ubumnandi obungenalutho.

Ukubilisa (煮茶) — indlela ejwayelekile ye-寿眉 egugile, — nge-桂花白茶 kuyangabazeka: ngokubilisa isikhathi eside ingxenye yezimbali ilahleka cishe ngokuphelele. Asisho ukuthi ukubilisa akunakwenzeka; sisho ukuthi umqondo wokugcwalisa ngalokhu uyanyamalala.

Ukugcinwa nombuzo wokuguga

Itiye elimhlophe elimsulwa — itiye eline-fermentation ebuthakathaka (微发酵), izinga le-oxidation ngokwezinto zethu cishe lisuka ku-5–10 %, futhi ngalokhu lingelinye lamatiye ambalwa okucutshungulwa okulula kangaka, okujwayele ukugcinwa iminyaka: kukholelwa ukuthi lishintsha lihamba ngasemanzini ojusi, izithelo ezomile, ubumnandi obuminyene. Kungakho umbuzo “ingabe itiye elimhlophe eligcwalisiwe liyaguga ngendlela efanayo” uvela kuqala.

Impendulo eqondile: lokhu akunakwaziwa. Itiye eligcwalisiwe — into ehlukile. Kulo kunezinsalela zezinto eziguquguqukayo zembali, mhlawumbe imikhondo yezinto zezimbali, futhi lidlule emjikelezweni owengeziwe wokumanzisa nokuphinda ukomiswe. Noma yimuphi walokhu angathinta ukushintsha okuqhubekayo kweqabunga, kodwa ucwaningo lweskhathi eside lokugcinwa kwe-桂花白茶, esingabhekisela kulo, asinalo. Futhi akukho mkhuba wemboni ongasivumela ukukhuluma “nge-osmanthus white aged” njengohlobo olwaziwayo — ngokuhlukile ku-寿眉 egugile, ekhona kakhulu emakethe.

Okungashiwo ngaphandle kokuqagela:

• Izinto eziguquguqukayo zephunga ze-osmanthus azizinzile. Ngisho nezinto zezimbali ezomisiwe kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi “ziyaphuma umoya”, futhi ingxenye yezimbali yetiye eligcwalisiwe ngokunengqondo kufanele ibe yokuqala ukuncipha.
• Izitha zekhwalithi ziyefana kuzo zombili izingxenye: umswakama, ukushisa, ukukhanya, umoya-mpilo, amaphunga angaphandle.
• Ngakho-ke — isincomo esingokoqobo, hhayi esiyimfundiso: ukubheka i-桂花白茶 njengomkhiqizo wokuphuza ngesikhathi esibonakalayo, hhayi njengento yokugcina iminyaka eminingi. Lesi isiphetho esivela ezakhiweni zembali, hhayi umthetho oqinisekisiwe.

Amazinga namagama

Izinga likazwelonke lezinga le-GB/T nge-桂花茶 alikho, kodwa kusebenza izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》 — izinga lomnyango wohlelo 供销合作 nekomidi lobuchwepheshe eliyinhloko i-SAC/TC339, elamukelwa esikhundleni se-GH/T 1117-2015. Lokhu kuhlukanisa iqembu le-osmanthus kwele-jasmine, elichazwe eShayina kabanzi, kodwa akwenzi libe elingalawulwa.

Okukuzinga:

• Incazelo yomkhiqizo (§3.1): 桂花茶 — umkhiqizo owenziwe ngetiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu, le-oolong noma elimhlophe njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, odlule ekulungisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukugcwaliswa ngembali entsha ye-osmanthus nokomiswa. Isisekelo esimhlophe sibhalwe ngombhalo oqondile.
• Ukuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo (§4): 桂花绿茶, 桂花红茶, 桂花乌龙茶, 桂花白茶 nokunye. Isigaba se-桂花白茶 sifakwe ngqo uhlelweni lwango-2022 — ohlwini lwezinguquko kubhalwe kanje «产品分类中增加桂花白茶（见第4章）».
• Amagreyidi. Igreyidi izuzwa njengefa kuzinga lomkhiqizo wetiye eliyisisekelo (ngesisekelo esimhlophe — GB/T 22291 《白茶》) futhi yengezelwa i-eksisi yezinga elisemthethweni — 内质香气 ngokwe-§5.2, ithebula 1, ngesikali 特级 / 一级 / 二级 / 三级.
• Izinkomba zomzimba nezakhi ( §5.3, ithebula 2): umswakama (水分) hhayi ngaphezu kuka-8.0 g/100 g; umlotha ophelele (总灰分) hhayi ngaphezu kuka-6.5; ukukhishwa kwamanzi (水浸出物) hhayi ngaphansi kuka-32.0; uthuli nezimvutshane (粉末) hhayi ngaphezu kuka-1.0. Izindlela zokuhlola: umswakama — GB 5009.3, umlotha — GB 5009.4, ukukhishwa kwamanzi — GB/T 8305, uthuli — GB/T 8311.

Okungaxazululwa yizinga:

• Inani lokugcwalisa (窨次) alilinganiselwe. Izinga linqunywa ngumphumela — ukuqina nokuphikelela kwephunga lezimbali ekumnikeni, — hhayi ngenani lemijikelezo. Lona umehluko oyisisekelo emkhubeni we-jasmine, lapho “窨次” kusebenza njengophawu oluyinhloko lwegreyidi ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpahla.
• Isilinganiso sembali nesisekelo se-桂花白茶 asisazi.
• Izindlela zokugcwalisa nokuphinda ukomiswe (izinga lokushisa, ubude, ukuphindaphindwa kokungenisa umoya) ngesisekelo esimhlophe embhalweni esiwaziyo azichazwanga.
• Ingabe kukhona ezingeni isidingo sokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezimbali ezibonakalayo emkhiqizweni osuphelile — ngokuhlaziya esinako asikwazi ukuqinisekisa nakolunye uhlangothi.

Ngamagama i-桂花白茶 — akulona nje igama lokuhweba: yisikhundla sokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo sezinga lemboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ohlelweni “lwezigaba eziyisithupha kanye nokucutshungulwa” umkhiqizo uhlala uyi-再加工茶 ngesisekelo esimhlophe, hhayi itiye elimhlophe.

Ngokuhlukile mayelana nefa: esimweni samagugu kazwelonke angaphatheki kubalwa ubuchwepheshe bokugcwalisa baseFuzhou (福州 窨制技艺) — kodwa lona umugqa we-jasmine, futhi ukudlulisela igunya lawo etiyeni elimhlophe le-osmanthus kungaba ukufaka esikhundleni.

Lokhu i-athikili ingakuqinisekisi

• Akuqinisekisi ukuthi i-桂花白茶 isigaba somlando esinesikole saso. Ngokomthetho isigaba sisencane: sokufakwa ekuhlukaniseni kwemboni uhlelweni lwe-GH/T 1117-2022.
• Ayibizi namapulazi, nabakhiqizi, noma ochwepheshe, noma izinhlobo ezithile: asinayo imininingwane eqinisekisiwe yokuthi ubani futhi kuphi owenza lo mkhiqizo ngokuhlelekile. Ngesizathu esifanayo ukusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa phakathi kwe-白毫银针, 白牡丹 kanye ne-寿眉 njengesisekelo asikunikezi — ethebuleni ngenhla kuhlolwe ukufaneleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi inkambiso ebonwayo.
• Ayinikezi amazinga esingenawo: inani lokugcwalisa (窨次), ingxenye yembali esisekelweni, izinga lokushisa lokuphinda ukomiswe. Umswakama, umlotha, ukukhishwa kwamanzi nokuqukethwe kothuli, ngokuphambene, kukalwa nge-GH/T 1117-2022 futhi kunikezwe ngenhla.
• Ayiqinisekisi ukuthi yiliphi iqembu lezinhlobo ze-osmanthus (金桂, 银桂, 丹桂, 四季桂) elingcono ngokomgomo ngesisekelo esimhlophe. Izici ezinikeziwe zamaqembu ezinhlobo ziphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimbali njengoba zinjalo.
• Ayisebenzisi i-茉莉白龙珠 njengesibonelo sesisekelo esimhlophe: izinto zethu ziyaphikisana — i-athikili nge-茉莉龙珠 iyifaka esisekelweni esiluhlaza se-烘青 futhi ihumusha “白” njenge-白毫, izinto zokusetshenziswa zama-hlumele anoboya, kanti ukubhalwa okufushane kwamatrack kubiza isisekelo esimhlophe. Ukungqubuzana akukaxazululwa.
• Ayiqinisekisi ukuthi i-桂花白茶 egugile ithuthuka “njenge-white evamile” — futhi ayisho okuphambene. Lona umbuzo ongakaqinisekiswa ngokuqondile.
• Ayichazi ukuguquguquka kwentengo: inkomba yentengo eyodwa kuphela ezintweni zethu iphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimbali ezomile (cishe 340 ¥/kg ngobuningi nge-osmanthus esezingeni lomisiwe), futhi ibhekiswe embalini, hhayi etiyeni eselilungile. Asinayo inkomba yentengo nge-桂花白茶.
• Ayinikezi izimangalo zezokwelapha. I-osmanthus umkhiqizo wokudla onomsebenzi ocwaningwayo we-antioxidant wezingxenye, hhayi umuthi; ukuhlanganiswa netiye elimhlophe akudali umphumela wokwelapha futhi akuzange kucwaningwe ngaleyo ndlela.
• Ayinikezi izibalo zamanani okukhiqiza: iqembu le-osmanthus le-花茶 lincane ngokuqhathaniswa nele-jasmine, kodwa imininingwane yezinombolo zengxenye yesisekelo esimhlophe ngaphakathi kwalo asinayo.

Isifinyezo esifushane

桂花白茶 isigaba esincane: ekuhlukaniseni kwemboni sifakwe kuphela uhlelweni lwe-GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》, isikole somlando saso asikho. Uhlaka olusemthethweni lukhona futhi lukhiwe ngendlela ehlukile kunalokho okulindelwe imakethe: izinga libeka izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivumelekile (kufaka phakathi isisekelo esimhlophe), lizuza njengefa igreyidi kuzinga letiye eliyisisekelo, lengeza isikali salo sokuqina kwephunga lezimbali ekumnikeni futhi likala umswakama, umlotha, ukukhishwa kwamanzi nothuli, kodwa alisho lutho ngenani lokugcwalisa.

Inkinga eyinhloko yohlobo yakhiwe kafushane: itiye elimhlophe alinakho ukuminyana kwaso, kanti i-osmanthus inephunga eleqile, futhi ngesilinganiso esingenakucophelela imbali isala yodwa. Ezakhiweni zezinto zokusetshenziswa kulandela ukuthi i-白牡丹 ingukuvumelana okunengqondo, futhi ukunikela i-白毫银针 embalini enamandla akunangqondo; ukuthi yisiphi isisekelo esisetshenziswa empeleni, asikuhlolanga. Ezakhiweni zembali neqabunga kulandela ukuphinda ukomiswa ngokucophelela, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokwenziwa kanye nokuchithwa okufushane. Futhi ngalokhu — isidingo sokubeka ngobuqotho imikhawulo: kulolu hlangano akukho ijika lokuguga elicwaningiwe, akukho nkambiso ye-窨次, futhi akukho ndlela ethembekile yokunquma ngaphandle ukuthi iqabunga lithintane kangaki nembali ephilayo.

the teas described here are available from teamotea