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把子茶 bǎ zi chá yigama lesimo, hhayi iresiphi: itiye eliqoqwe futhi lahlanganiswa "libe yisandla", libe yinqwaba, esikhundleni sokuba licindezelwe libe yibhlinji, isitini noma iphuzu.
把子茶 bǎ zi chá yigama lesimo, hhayi iresiphi: itiye eliqoqwe futhi lahlanganiswa “libe yisandla”, libe yinqwaba, esikhundleni sokuba licindezelwe libe yibhlinji, isitini noma iphuzu. Ukulihlakaza ngokwethembeka kungenziwa kanjalo nje — njengecala elisemaphethelweni ohlelweni lwaseYunnan oluhlelekile lwezimo namakhodi emboni, lapho konke okunye sekunesinombolo kudala.
Igama: lokho okufundeka kulo ngokoqobo
Uhlamvu 把 bǎ — “isandla”, “inqwaba”, “lokho okuthathwa ngesandla”; 子 zi — isijobelelo sokusebenza. Kusuka lapho yonke incazelo yegama: itiye elikalwa hhayi ngamagremu okucindezelwa, kodwa ngezinqwaba eziboshwe esisekelweni. Lesi yisigaba sesimo sohlobo olufanayo no 饼 bǐng (ibhlinji), 砖 zhuān (isitini), 沱 tuó (iphuzu) noma 散 sǎn (iqabunga ngobuningi), — futhi kungesimiso esinjalo okufanele kufundwe ngaso 把子茶: incazelo yokubukeka kwangaphandle nendlela yokuphatha itiye, hhayi inkomba yezinto zokusetshenziswa, indawo noma izinga lokuvutshelwa.
Lapha kudingeka isexwayiso ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwaso isihloko besizophenduka ibe yinganekwane. Umkhondo wocwaningo ngo 熟普, okwakhelwe phezu kwawo lo mbhalo, uqopha izimo (ngokwesibonelo, 销法沱 uqoshwa kuwo ngokwesigaba 形制·沱), amakhodi emboni 唛号 màihào, izigaba zobumnene kanye nezinhlobo zesifunda 味型 — kodwa awunikezi nge 把子茶 inombolo yejwayelekile, usuku, noma ukuhlobana nepulazi elithile. Ngakho-ke ngezansi akukho inombolo ye-GB/T, noma “unyaka wokusungulwa”, noma idolobhana lokuzalwa: lokho okungaqinisekisiwe, kushiywe ngaphandle.
Lapho 把子茶 ime khona ohlelweni lwe-puer
Imakethe yaseYunnan ihlelwe ngezimbazo ezimbili ezizimele, futhi kuyasiza ukubona ukuthi 把子茶 ithatha indawo kwenye yazo kuphela.
Isigaba sesimo. 散 — 饼 — 砖 — 沱, okuhlanganiswa nakho izixazululo “ezingekho esimeni esijwayelekile” ezifana nenqwaba. Isimo sinquma ukuhleleka, isivinini sokuguga kanye nesiko lokwephula, kodwa hhayi ukunambitheka ngokwaso.
Isigaba seresiphi nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Lapha kusebenza 唛号 — ikhodi yemboni enezinombolo ezine, efundeka ngokuqinile: izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala — unyaka weresiphi, eyesithathu — izinga lezinto zokusetshenziswa (incane idijithi, imnene iqabunga), eyesine — imboni (1 — Kunming, 2 — Menghai, 3 — Xiaguan, 4 — Pu’er). Okujwayelekile kulesi sigaba:
| 唛号 | isimo | imboni | izinto zokusetshenziswa | isikhundla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7572 | 熟饼 | Menghai / 大益 | iresiphi 1975, isigaba 7, imboni 2 | 熟饼 eyisibonelo, i-shu enkulu kunazo zonke; «勐海味» |
| 7581 | 熟砖 | Kunming / 中茶 | iresiphi 1975, isigaba 8, imboni 1 | isitini sokuqala se-shu, ibhentshimaki yefomethi |
| 8592 | 熟饼 | Menghai / 大益 | iresiphi 1985, isigaba 9, imboni 2 | «老五样», amaqembu «紫天», okuqinile |
| 7262 | 熟饼 | Menghai / 大益 | yesimanje, isigaba 6, imboni 2 | emnene, i-shu ephambili 大益 |
把子茶 ayikho kuleli thebula — futhi leli yiqiniso elibalulekile, hhayi igebe. Inqwaba ayiyona iresiphi enokuhlanganiswa okumisiwe futhi ayinayo ikhodi yemboni; ichaza indlela itiye eliboshwe ngayo, kanti konke okuphathelene nokunambitheka kufanele kutholakale ngokwehlukana: 生 noma 熟, yimuphi umkhakha, bunjani ubumnene beqabunga.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezigaba zobumnene
Uma inqwaba yenziwe nge-shu-puer, kuyasebenza kuyo isikali sobumnene esifanayo nesokusetshenziswa ekucindezelweni. Phezulu kwesikali — 宫廷普洱 gōngtíng pǔ’ěr, “eyasesigodlweni”: izinga eliphakeme lobumnene (iqabunga elilodwa elisemfihlekisweni, iqabunga elincane kakhulu), ekhishwa kokubili ngokungahlanganisiwe, nangamabhlinji, kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngezansi — 特级 tèjí bese kuba izigaba ezinezinombolo, lezo 6, 7, 8, 9, ezifakwe kudijithi yesithathu ye 唛号.
Umqondo ulula futhi uyasiza ekuhloleni noma iyiphi inqwaba: uma iqabunga emhlanganweni likhulu futhi liqinile, iqhelelene kakhulu nesigaba “sasesigodlweni” futhi isondele kakhulu etiyeni eliwusizo, lempilo yansuku zonke.
Ukuvutshelwa kanye ne 味型: kungani imboni ibalulekile, hhayi insimu kuphela
Nge-shu-puer isigaba esinqumayo — 渥堆 wò duī, ukufakwa kokumanzi. Futhi lapha umkhondo uqopha into esemqoka: ukuvutshelwa kushiya uphawu lwesifunda lwebhizinisi — amanzi kanye ne-microflora yendawo yokusebenzela kwakha izinhlobo zokunambitheka ezizinzile 味型 wèi xíng: 勐海味 měnghǎi wèi, 昆明味 kūnmíng wèi, 临沧味 líncāng wèi. I-terroir ye-shu iphindwe kabili: insimu kanye nendawo yokusebenzela, lapho inqwaba ibikhona khona.
Umkhiqizo oseceleni wenqubo efanayo — 老茶头 lǎo chá tóu, izigaxa ezizinamathele ngokwemvelo enqwabeni, zinamatheliswe yi-pectin. Aziswa ngenxa yokunamathela-kumnandi, “umnandi-njengerayisi” wokuminyana kwensipho (糯甜醇厚) futhi aphila njengendawo yokuqoqa-ekhethekile. Esihlokweni se 把子茶 lokhu kubalulekile ngesizathu esisebenzayo: 老茶头 — nayo “into engekho esimeni esijwayelekile”, engacindezelwe kumata, futhi emashalofini izigaxa nezinqwaba ngokuvamile ziba eduze, nakuba imvelaphi yazo yehlukile: enye ingumphumela wengozi yenqwaba, enye ingeyomsebenzi wesandla somuntu.
Ukunambitheka nokuphisa
Njengoba 把子茶 inganqumi iresiphi noma igreyidi, ukunambitheka kufundwa ngokuqukethwe. Ngokukhethwa kwe-shu izinkomba zinikezwa yizibonelo: 7572 — iphrofayili eyisisekelo “yaseMenghai”, 8592 — iqinile ngokubonakalayo, 7262 — imnene futhi ithambile, 宫廷 — uhlangothi oluthambile kakhulu lwe-spectrum, 老茶头 — ukunamathela nobumnandi obukhulu.
Umkhuba wokuphisa ufana nowanoma iyiphi i-shu: amanzi abilayo, ukugeza iqabunga okufushane (inqwaba izwela kakhulu kulokhu — iqabunga eliboshwe alihlakazeki kalula), bese kuba ukuphisa okufushane nokunwetshwa kancane kancane. Ngezinto eziqinile zamacembe amakhulu enqwaba, ukuphisa okude nokubilisa kuyabekezelelwa; ngezinto ezithambile — ngokuphambene, imijikelezo emifushane, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuminyana kuphenduka ubunzima.
Umlando namasiko: umongo lapho isimo sinokubaluleka khona
Izinsuku eziyisisekelo ze-shu yesimanje — maphakathi nawo-1970: unyaka ka-1975 wanikeza amaresiphi amabili ayizibonelo-kanyekanye — 7572 eMenghai kanye no 7581 eKunming, futhi 7581 (中茶) uthathwa njengesitini sokuqala se-shu. U-1985 wengeza u-8592 — enye yama 老五样 lǎo wǔ yàng. Okusho ukuthi lonke uhlelo, okuthiwa ngalo i-shu ibonakala namuhla, lakhiwe ngokuzungeza izimo ezicindezelwe namakhodi ezinombolo, futhi noma yisiphi isimo “sesandla”, esingacindezelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo sithola singaphandle kwalesi sichazamazwi.
Kubalulekile futhi umugqa wokuthumela ngaphandle: 销法沱 xiāofǎ tuó — iphuzu le-shu lemboni yaseXiaguan, kusukela ngo-1976 lisiya eFrance; kulo mlando kuhlanganiswa igama 雷弗尔, kanti ukukhiqizwa kukodwa kuthathwa njengokuthunyelwa kokuqala kwetiye laseChina ngaphansi kohlaka “lwe-organic”.
Igatsha elihlukile lokucubungula — 柑普 gānpǔ / 小青柑 xiǎo qīng gān / 陈皮普洱 chénpí pǔ’ěr: i-shu engahlanganisiwe kusitrasi saseXinhui noma ngekhasi laso elomisiwe; lokhu sekuyinto 再加工 zài jiāgōng kanye nomkhondo ohlukile (ganpu), kodwa ukukubalula kuyafaneleka — njengesibonelo sokuthi “isimo” se-puer singabi ukucindezelwa kuphela, kodwa nesembozo.
Indlela yokwehlukanisa i 把子茶 kokufanayo
- Kokucindezelwe. Inqwaba ayinayo imikhondo yomata, yokucindezela nesimo: iqabunga ligcina ukuma kwalo, isibopho sibanjwe ngokuhlanganisa. Ayikho futhi ikhodi yemboni: uma wethulwa inqwaba “ene-唛号”, ikhodi iphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa noma iresiphi, kodwa hhayi nenqwaba njengoba injalo.
- Kwi 老茶头. Izigaxa ze-shu zicindezelwe yi-pectin ngaphakathi enqwabeni, azinasimo futhi ziminyene; inqwaba iqoqwe ngesandla futhi ihlakazeka ibe amacembe aphelele neziqu.
- Kwi 沱 nakwezinye izimo ezicindezelwe. 沱 — umata nokucindezela (bheka 销法沱), ngisho namaphuzu amancane abonakala ngesikhungo esicindezelekile.
- Umbuzo wokuqala kumthengisi — hhayi “inqwaba kabani”, kodwa “生 noma 熟, yimuphi umkhakha, bunjani ubumnene”: yilezi zimpendulo ezintathu, hhayi isimo, ezinquma lokho okuzoba senkomishini. Nge-shu engeza owesine: inqwaba yayikuphi — lokhu kunquma 味型.
Lokho okungashiwongo ngamabomu kulesi sihloko. Asinikezi nge 把子茶 inombolo yejwayelekile, unyaka, idolobhana noma umkhiqizi wokuqala: umkhondo wocwaningo ngo 熟普, okwakhelwe phezu kwawo lo mbhalo, awunawo amarekhodi anjalo. Konke okungenhla okwethulwa njengeqiniso — ukukhipha ikhodi ye 唛号, amaresiphi ka-1975 no-1985, ubungcweti be 7581, isikali sobumnene esine 宫廷 phezulu, imvelo ye 老茶头, ukuthunyelwa kwe 销法沱 kusukela ngo-1976 kanye nomqondo we 味型, — kuthathwe lapho. Okunye nge 把子茶 kuhlala kungumbuzo ovulekile, futhi lokho kuthembekile.
the teas described here are available from teamotea