Jīnhǎi Nǚ'érshān báichá

Jīnhǎi Nǚ’érshān Báichá (Jīnhǎi Nǚ’érshān báichá, 金海女儿山白茶) ndi tiyi wa ku phiri la Nǚ’érshān (女儿山) m’chigawo cha Jīnhǎi (金海) m’boma la Huángshí kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Húběi. Dzinalo limatanthauza “tiyi woyera wa phiri la Nǚ’érshān wochokera ku Jīnhǎi”. Chigawochi chinatchulidwa motsatira mawu akuti “金山煤海” - “mapiri agolide, nyanja ya malasha”: apa ankakumba malasha, ndipo atatseka migodi adasinthira ku tiyi. Kuyambira 2020, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification. Gulu la tiyi silinatchulidwe mu chikalata cha chizindikiro, magwero otseguka amatsutsana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo “báichá” m’dzinali sizitsimikizira.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Gulu silinadziwike. M’ndandanda wa zizindikiro, katunduyo adalembedwa ngati “白茶”, koma uku ndi kulembedwa kwa katundu mu chizindikiro, osati kufotokozera luso; “woyera” m’maina achi China nthawi zambiri amatchula tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mitundu yamasamba oyera, monga Ānjí Bái Chá. Magwero amatsutsana. Tsamba la boma la Húběi (2022) limatcha tiyiyo “wobiriwira wofufumitsa pang’ono” (微发酵的绿茶) ndipo limafotokoza dzinali ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya tiyi woyera - masamba, onse atakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Asanafike kulembetsa chizindikiro, mu 2015, tsamba la bungwe la zachuma ndi uthenga la Huángshí lidalemba za “tiyi woyera wa Jīnhǎi”, kuti tiyi woyerayu “kwenikweni ndi wa gulu la wobiriwira” (白茶本属绿茶类), ndipo woyera amamupanga mtundu wake, womwe masamba ake achichepere ndi oyera kotheratu. Buku la komweko la 2019 limatchanso “tiyi woyera” wa kuno ngati mtundu wa wobiriwira, ndipo lipoti la 2024 lochokera ku fakitale ya kampani ya Jīnhǎi limatchula magawo a tiyi wobiriwira (gawo 5). Malemba onsewa ndi mafotokozedwe, osati zofunikira: sindinapeze chikalata cha chizindikiro kapena muyezo wokhala ndi luso, choncho sindilemba gulu.
Gulu lalikulu: Chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2020).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北, Húběi), boma la Huángshí (黄石, Huángshí), chigawo cha Jīnhǎi, phiri la Nǚ’érshān.
Dera ndi kukhala kwa boma: Mndandanda wa zizindikiro umatchula malo a chitukuko cha zachuma ndiukadaulo a Huángshí (黄石经开区) - uku ndi kukhala kwa boma kwa mwini chizindikiro, osati malire a dera; sindinayang’ane malirewo. Atolankhani a komweko amatcha derali kuti Jīnhǎi Administrative District (金海管理区) ndipo m’buku lina la 2020 amaligawa ku mzinda wa Yángxīn (阳新县); imodzi mwa mabungwe ogwirira ntchito pakatikati pa Nǚ’érshān imalembedwanso kuti ndi ya Yángxīn.
Madera a geographical coordinates: Palibe malo enieni a phiri m’magwero omwe adapezeka. Boma la Huángshí lili pafupifupi 30.2° N ndi 115.0° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Chiyambi. Malinga ndi nkhani ya 2024, mu 2008 derali lidatenga mtundu wa “tiyi woyera” kuchokera ku Ānjí. Tsamba la bungwe la zachuma ndi uthenga la Huángshí (2015) limalemba chimodzimodzi: mu 2008 luso lakulima linabwera kuchokera ku Zhèjiāng ndipo adakhazikitsa ma mu 100 oyamba m’minda ya mapiri ya mudzi wa Wūbiān (屋边村). Malinga ndi “Huángshí Rìbào” (2021), mu 2013 derali lidatseka migodi yonse ya malasha ndikusinthira ku tiyi woyera.
- 2015–2018. Chikondwerero choyamba cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi woyera wa Jīnhǎi chinachitika mu 2015, chachinayi - malinga ndi chilengezo cha okonza, pa 20-21 April 2018 ku Nǚ’érshān. Malinga ndi buku la komweko la 2019, zikondwerero zinayi zidasonkhanitsa alendo pafupifupi 120,000.
- 2019. Malinga ndi buku lomwelo, derali linkagulitsa ma jīn opitilira 90,000 (kupitilira matani 45) a tiyi pachaka.
- 2020. Chizindikiro “金海女儿山白茶” № 30102778 (gulu 30) chikugwira ntchito kuyambira 7 April 2020 mpaka 6 April 2030; mwini wake ndi Jīnhǎi White Tea Association pansi pa Huángshí Development Zone (黄石经济技术开发区金海白茶协会).
- 2021. Derali linazindikiridwa ngati malo a chitukuko cha mzinda cha “mudzi wapadera”.
- 2023. Munda wa cooperative pakatikati pa Nǚ’érshān unalowa m’gulu la “minda yokongola kwambiri ya tiyi ya Huángshí”.
- 2025. Pa 19 April chikondwerero chachisanu ndi chinayi cha tiyi woyera wa Jīnhǎi chinatsegulidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa tiyi kwa anthu ambiri.
Dzina: “Jīnhǎi” (金海) ndi dzina la chigawo, kuchokera ku “mapiri agolide ndi nyanja ya malasha”; “Nǚ’érshān” (女儿山) ndi phiri limene minda imakhala; “báichá” (白茶) ndi “tiyi woyera”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Kwa dera lomwe kale linkakumba malasha, tiyi woyera wakhala bizinesi yatsopano ndi chifukwa cha zokopa alendo a tiyi: zikondwerero, njira yoyendera m’minda, ndi kusonkhanitsa tiyi kwa anthu ambiri.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Kwa chizindikiro sichinatchulidwe. Malinga ndi buku la komweko la 2024, mwa ma mu 20,000 a minda m’derali, 14,000 amakhala ndi “tiyi woyera”, 3,000 - 黄金芽, 1,500 aliyense - 黄金叶 ndi 奶白茶; mwachionekere awa ndi mayina a mitundu, koma ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa chizindikiro sananenedwe. M’kufotokozera kwa munda umodzi wa cooperative (2023), ma mu 762 agawidwa kukhala 560 a “tiyi woyera” ndi 202 a “tiyi wachikasu”; mwachionekere awa ndi mayina a mitundu yamasamba opepuka, osati magulu, koma mitundu sinatchulidwe pamenepo.
Muyezo wa kusonkhanitsa: Imodzi mwa makampani a komweko mu 2021 idalankhula za kusonkhanitsa mosamala kwa bud limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi; sindinapeze chofunikira chonse cha chizindikiro.
Nthawi ya kusonkhanitsa: Kampani yomweyo imati imayamba kusonkhanitsa sabata imodzi mwamsanga kuposa ku Ānjí.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

Dera: Kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Húběi. Malinga ndi “Huángshí Rìbào”, derali limakhala kumbuyo kwa phiri la Fùzǐshān (父子山) ndikuyang’ana ku nyanja ya Dàyěhú (大冶湖).
Nyengo: Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa munda pakatikati pa Nǚ’érshān - yofewa, ndi mvula yambiri, dzuwa lokwanira ndi nthawi yayitali yopanda chisanu; kufotokozera uku kumagwirizanitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa ma amino acid.
Dothi: M’mafotokozedwe - lachonde; mtundu weniweni sunapezeke m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Kutalika: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Kukula: Deta imakula pakapita nthawi: mu 2015, malinga ndi tsamba la boma la mzinda, - 3000 mu a minda ndi ma jīn 10,000 (matani 5) a tiyi mchaka chatha; 15,000 mu a minda ndi mabungwe 46 mu 2021, kupitilira 20,000 mu ndi kupitilira 300,000 jīn (matani 150) a tiyi pachaka - mu 2025.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Sindinapeze chikalata cha chizindikiro chokhala ndi luso. Lipoti la 2024 lochokera ku fakitale ya kampani ina ya tiyi ya Jīnhǎi limatchula magawo: kuyala (摊青, tānqīng), kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng), kukonza mawonekedwe (理条, lǐtiáo) ndi kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān) - awa ndi magawo a tiyi wobiriwira. Ngati amagwira ntchito ku zinthu zonse pansi pa chizindikiro, gwero silinena; tiyi woyera mwa gulu alibe kukhazikitsa.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kulibe. Atolankhani a komweko amafupikitsa mawonekedwe ndi mawu atatu - 形美、香郁、味甘: mawonekedwe okongola, fungo lonunkhira bwino, kukoma kotsekemera.

Mawonekedwe a tsamba louma: “Mawonekedwe okongola” (形美); mwatsatanetsatane kulibe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Lonunkhira bwino (香郁).
Kukoma: Kotsekemera (味甘); m’kufotokozera kwa munda - kofewa (味淳).
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.

7. Mankhwala

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m’magwero omwe adapezeka.

8. Kusakaniza

Mchitidwe wa gulu - koma gulu silinakhazikitsidwe, choncho malangizo ndi a tiyi wofewa wa masika wochokera ku mtundu wamasamba opepuka.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–80 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Ziwiya: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaini yoyera.
Njira: Kupaka koyamba - pakatha masekondi 40-60, kenako kutsukanso kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wofewa wa masika. M’matumba otsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo.

10. Mtengo ndi Zabodza

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe adapezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical certification “金海女儿山白茶” (№ 30102778).
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga akuchokera m’chigawo cha Jīnhǎi m’boma la Huángshí.
- Musatenge dzinalo ngati umboni wa gulu: “báichá” pano sizimatsimikizira tiyi woyera malinga ndi luso.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Minda imakula pomwe kale ankakumba malasha: chigawochi chinatchulidwa motsatira mawu akuti “mapiri agolide, nyanja ya malasha”.
Kuyambira 2015 derali limachititsa chikondwerero cha tiyi woyera; mu 2025 chinachitika chachisanu ndi chinayi.
Tsamba la boma la chigawo limatcha “tiyi woyera” uyu “wobiriwira wofufumitsa pang’ono” - kuphatikiza komwe kumatsutsana kokha.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi ena

Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wamasamba oyera; makampani a komweko amayerekezera nthawi za kusonkhanitsa ndendende ndi Ānjí.
Chóngyáng Báichá (崇阳白茶): Tiyi wina wa ku Húběi wotchedwa “woyera” m’dzina, wochokera ku boma la Xiánníng; gulu mu chikalata cha chizindikiro silinatchulidwe.

Pomaliza:

Jīnhǎi Nǚ’érshān Báichá ndi tiyi wa dera lakale la malasha kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Húběi: migodi idatsekedwa, mapiri a phiri la Nǚ’érshān adadzazidwa ndi minda, ndipo mu 2020 dzinali linalandira chizindikiro. Zolemba zimalongosola chizindikiro, zikondwerero ndi kukula kwa minda, koma osati mawonekedwe. Za luso pali lipoti lokha lochokera ku fakitale imodzi ndi magawo a tiyi wobiriwira; tsamba la mzinda kale mu 2015 linkayika “tiyi woyera” wa kuno m’gulu la wobiriwira, ndipo tsamba la chigawo limatsutsana lokha. Chikalata chomwe chingakhazikitse luso pa dzinalo sichinapezeke, choncho gulu limakhalabe lotseguka, ndipo “woyera” m’dzinali ndi lonjezo lokha.