I-Wu Zi Xian Hao iyitiyi eluhlaza yesifundazwe saseShaanxi, edabuka esifundeni saseXixiang (西乡) esifundeni saseHanzhong (汉中), eyaziwa ngesimo sayo seqabunga esiyisicaba nesigobile ‘sefomu le-orchid’, uboya obuningi kanye nephunga le-chesnut. Ingenye yezingxenye ezisemqoka zomkhiqizo oyinhloko we-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫).
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: itiyi eliluhlaza (akuvutshelwa).
- Isigaba: CHINA-GREEN TEA · itiyi le-premium elinegama eli-ming-you (名优) · isegimenti ye-高档 (isezingeni eliphezulu).
- Imvelaphi: isifunda saseXixiang (西乡), isifunda saseHanzhong (汉中), isifundazwe saseShaanxi (陕西·汉中西乡).
- Indawo yokutshala itiyi: iJiangbei (江北) — ibhande elitiyi eliluhlaza elisenyakatho kakhulu eChina, elisecicini lwesimo sezulu, lapho ukutshalwa kwetiyi kuzinzile emngceleni wendawo yako.
- Uhlobo lwemvelaphi: itiyi lesikhathi samanje, lokukhula kwanamuhla ngokwethulwa kwezinhlobo (引种), hhayi indawo yasendulo yokutshala itiyi (古茶区); ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwenzeka cishe ngeminyaka yawo-1980.
- Igama: lihlanganisa igama lendawo elithi 午子 (wǔzǐ) nelithi «仙毫» (xiānháo) — ngokwezwi nezwi ‘uboya basemazulwini/njenge-engeli’, okugqamisa uboya obuningi bamathupha.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ingumkhiqizo we-wave yesimanje yokutshalwa kwetiyi e-Shaanxi. Ngokungafani ne-Ziyang (紫阳), udumo lwayo olubuyela emuva enkathini ye-Tang, amatiyi ase-Hanzhong anegama asungulwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, egagasi lokwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokwakhiwa kwamatiyi anegama ming-you (名优) ngawo-1980. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao yaba ngomunye wabaphambili balo mnyakazo esigodini sase-Hanjiang.
Ngaphakathi kwebhande elisenyakatho yeShaanxi, kuvela izindaba ezimbili ezihlukile: ngakolunye uhlangothi izindawo zasendulo zokutshala itiyi (古茶区) ezinomlando wokuya enkathini ye-Tang, njenge-Ziyang; ngakolunye uhlangothi amasimu esimanje asungulwa ngokwethula izinhlobo. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ingomgqa wesibili.
Ngo-2007, amatiyi aluhlaza anegama ase-Hanzhong ahlanganiswa ngaphansi komkhiqizo owodwa oyinhloko i-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫): amamaki ayezimele ngokomlando — okuhlanganisa i-Wu Zi (午子), i-Ding Jun (定军, evela esifundeni saseMianxian) kanye ne-Ningqiang (宁强) — ahlanganiswa ohlelweni olulodwa oluyinhloko. Ngemva kwalokhu, i-Wu Zi Xian Hao isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa njengegama layo lomlando kanye nomnyombo wohlu lomkhiqizo lwe-Hanzhong Xian Hao. Ukuhlanganiswa kwango-2007 kwaqinisekisa ku-Wu Zi isikhundla hhayi njengokuyivelakancane okusemnyuziyamu, kodwa njengophawu lwezentengiselwano oluphilayo lesilinganiso sesifunda, oluncike kubuntu be-selenium yase-Hanzhong nase-Ankang: «富硒» njengendikimba eyinhloko, ehlanganisa amatiyi aluhlaza ase-Shaanxi futhi iwenza ahluke kwawaseningizimu.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo/Izinhlobo Ezitshaliwe: ikakhulukazi i-福鼎大白 (fúdǐng dàbái) — i-Fuding enamaqabunga amakhulu, uhlobo lwakudala ‘olunoboya obumhlophe’, olwaziswa ngamathupha amakhulu, anoboya obukhulu — kanye nezitshalo zasendaweni eziphila ngobuningi (群体).
- Umqondo wokukhetha uhlobo: i-Fuding enamaqabunga amakhulu ikhiqiza lobo boya obukhulu, obusiliva, obuthi etiyini eseliphelele babonakale njengophawu lobumnene nohlobo, okuhlangabezana nesitayela esigcizelela i-显毫 (uboya obubonakalayo).
- Iqoqo lezinhlobo zesifunda: ngaphakathi komkhiqizo obanzi wase-Hanzhong, ezinye izinhlobo ezitshaliwe ziyingxenye yohlu lomkhiqizo — i-Longjing enamaqabunga amade (龙井长叶) kanye nenqwaba yase-Ziyang (紫阳群体) — kepha kwi-Wu Zi Xian Hao uqobo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Fuding enamaqabunga amakhulu namaqembu asendaweni kuhlala kuwumgogodla.
- Izinto Ezingavuthiwe: zobumnene obuphakeme kakhulu — ezigabeni ze-premium, ikakhulukazi ithupha elibusayo kanye nokuvunwa kwasekuqaleni.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokukhula
- Isizinda sendawo: umcengezi wase-Hanzhong oseningizimu yezintaba ze-Qinling (秦岭), esebenza njengomngcele wesimo sezulu phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu yeChina.
- Isimo sezulu esincane: imithambeka eseningizimu ye-Qinling nezigodi zomcengezi wase-Hanjiang zinika itiyi isimo sezulu esincane esithambile nesinomswakama kunalokho obekungalindelwa endaweni esenyakatho kangaka.
- Isayensi yamakhemikhali enhlabathini: uphawu olubalulekile lwe-terroir yalo lonke ibhande lase-Hanzhong ne-Ankang-Ziyang — ukunotha kwenhlabathi nge-selenium (富硒) kanye ne-zinc (锌). Lesi simo sekhemikhali somhlaba siyisisekelo sedumela le-Ziyang Maojian njenge-「富硒」 itiyi elivela ‘esigodini se-selenium saseChina’; kwi-Wu Zi Xian Hao, ubunikazi bebhande le-selenium-zinc buyingxenye yobunikazi bayo emakethe futhi omunye womehluko wamatiyi aluhlaza ase-Shaanxi kumatiyi aseningizimu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
I-Wu Zi Xian Hao iyitiyi eliluhlaza, okusho ukuthi alivutshelwe: ngemva kokuvuna, i-oxidation ye-enzyme iyamiswa ngokushisa (shāqīng 杀青), bese iqabunga liyakhiwa futhi lomiswe. Ngokwesitayela, itiyi lingaphansi kwamatiyi aluhlaza akhiwe abe isicaba, anokucaba okuncane kanye nejika leqabunga ‘le-orchid’ eliyingcaca.
Isimo esihlukile seqabunga eliphelele lapho likhona sichazwa njenge-微扁兰花形 显毫 — isicaba kancane, isimo esifana ne-orchid esinoboya obuphawulekayo. Lesi yisimo esimaphakathi phakathi kokucindezelwa okuqinile ‘okufana ne-Longjing’ nokushwibeka okukhululekile: iqabunga liyacindezelwa kancane, kodwa ligcina ijika lomusa elifana neqabunga le-orchid, kuyilapho lingawusuli uboya — uboya kufanele buhlale bubonakala.
Iphrofayela yenkathi yonyaka nohlobo lwetiyi — i-明前·特级 (míngqián, ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming; izinga eliphakeme kakhulu): isivuno sokuqala sasentwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela esemancane kakhulu futhi egcwele, futhi nesivuno silinganiselwe.
6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba
- Iqabunga elomile: eluhlaza okotshani njenge-emerald enoboya obukhulu (翠绿显毫).
- Iphunga: iphunga le-chesnut (栗香) — lelo phunga ‘lokugazingiwe-kwe-chesnut’ eliyenza ihlotshaniswe namaklasiki asenyakatho aluhlaza njengamatiyi aseXinyang naseRizhao, kodwa ngokuthamba nobumnandi baseHanzhong.
- Ukunambitheka: ukunambitheka okusha okunoshukela okunambitheka emuva okuthambile nobuncane bokubaba.
- Iphrofayela yomkhiqizo oyinhloko: 「iphunga eliphakeme, ukusha okuphezulu, ubumnandi obuphakeme, ukubaba nokuncipha okuphansi」 (高香高鲜高甜低苦涩) ngesimo esibonakalayo esithi 「esicaba kancane, esizacile, esiluhlaza okotshani othambile, esinoboya」.
9. Ukwenza Itiyi
Imihlahlandlela esebenzayo yokwenza itiyi leli eliyisicaba, elenziwe ngobumnene:
- amanzi athambile, acishe abe ngu-80–85 °C: amanzi abilayo ‘ayoshisa’ ithupha elintekenteke futhi amboze ukusha;
- isitsha — ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan ye-porcelain; ingilazi ivumela ukubukela ‘umdanso’ oqondile wamathupha;
- ubuningi bokufaka bulinganiselwe, ukugxishwa kokuqala kufushane; ibhande le-selenium-zinc linikeza itiyi ukuminyana, ngakho-ke limelana kalula nezikhathi ezimbalwa zokugxusha;
- iphrofayela enkomishini: iphunga elithambile le-chesnut, ukunambitheka okusha okunoshukela okunambitheka emuva okuthambile nobuncane bokubaba.
11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Isegimenti — i-高档 (isezingeni eliphezulu): itiyi elinegama, le-premium, hhayi ‘ikomityi yansuku zonke’. Imihlahlandlela yokuhlola ubuqiniso:
- Isifunda nohlobo lwemvelaphi. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao iyi-Xixiang, e-Hanzhong, e-Shaanxi, itiyi lase-Jiangbei lwanamuhla, lemvelaphi yokwethulwa, hhayi endaweni yasendulo yokutshala itiyi. Uma umdayisi ephakamisa ukuthi linomlando wentela yase-Tang — lokhu, cishe, ukudideka ne-Ziyang.
- Isimo. Bheka iqabunga ‘le-orchid’ elicabalele kancane elinoboya obubonakalayo (微扁兰花形 显毫). Lokhu kulehlukanisa kokubili kusimo sika-Longjing esicaba ngokuphelele, nakumatiyi asenyakatho aluhlaza asontekile/ayisi-spiral (njengamaningi ase-Rizhao).
- Umbala kanye nephunga. Iqabunga elomile eliluhlaza njenge-emerald elinoboya obukhulu; enkomishini — iphunga le-chesnut elinobumnandi obuthambile nokubaba okuphansi.
- Ngaphakathi komkhiqizo. I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ingumnyombo we-Hanzhong Xian Hao; eduze kwayo ohlelweni oluyinhloko kukhona i-Ding Jun Ming Mei (isimo esiyisicaba-‘njengeshidi’ esivela eMianxian) kanye ne-Ningqiang Que She (‘ulimi lukandlunkulu’ oluvela eNingqiang). Hlukanisa phakathi kwazo ngesifunda semvelaphi kanye nesimo seqabunga.
- Inkomba ye-terroir. Ubunikazi bebhande le-selenium-zinc lase-Hanzhong — Ankang kuyingxenye enengqondo yencazelo yamatiyi aluhlaza ase-Shaanxi; kwenza i-Wu Zi Xian Hao ihlobane ne-Ziyang Mao Jian ngokwesayensi yamakhemikhali enhlabathini, kodwa hhayi ngokomlando nangesimo.
12. Amaqiniso Athakaselayo
- I-Wu Zi Xian Hao ikhona ngaphansi kwesihlangu somkhiqizo oyinhloko wesifunda i-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫); eshalofini, i-Wu Zi Xian Hao kanye ne-Hanzhong Xian Hao ejwayelekile zivame ukuhlangana — eyokuqala iwuphawu oluqondile lwase-Xixiang ngaphakathi kweyesibili.
- Ubunikazi bebhande le-selenium-zinc kwenza i-Wu Zi Xian Hao ihlobane ne-Ziyang Mao Jian ngokwesayensi yamakhemikhali enhlabathini, kodwa hhayi ngokomlando nangesimo seqabunga.