Guāfēngzhài

I-Guafengzhai (刮风寨, Guāfēngzhài) kanye nesiza sayo esidume kakhulu i-Chawangshu (茶王树, cháwángshù, “isihlahla senkosi yetiye”) zingezimbili zezindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo futhi ezihlonishwayo ebalazweni letiye lase-Yiwu (易武, Yìwǔ), lapho izihlahla ezindala zikhula ehlathini likahulumeni eliyisiqiwu, kanti enkomishini kuvela umsindo wehlathi “wasendle” onomfutho kanye nenothi eliphakeme loju nezimbali.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-sheng (生普洱, shēng pǔ’ěr), i-pu’er eluhlaza.
• Isigaba: i-sheng yentaba eyodwa ehlanzekile (纯料, chúnliào) yase-Yiwu — izinkomba zemakethe nezendawo zeziza, hhayi izinombolo ezihlukene zezinga.
• Imvelaphi: idolobhana lase-Guafengzhai, isifunda esincane sase-Yiwu (易武, Yìwǔ), isifunda sase-Mengla (勐腊), eningizimu-mpumalanga ekude ye-Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), cishe emngceleni ne-Laos. Idolobhana labantu bakwa-yaozu (瑶族, yáozú) — icala elingavamile phakathi kwezindawo ezihlonishwayo zetiye zase-Yiwu.
• Isici esiyinhloko: izihlahla ezindala ezingcono kakhulu zikhula ehlathini likahulumeni (国有林, guóyǒulín) — hhayi amasimu noma izingadi zasemizini, kodwa ukuhlakazeka kwezihlahla zetiye ehlathini lokuqala.
• Iziza ezincane (emakethe zithathwa njengemikhiqizo ehlukene):
  • 茶王树 cháwángshù — isiza esidume kakhulu nesibiza kakhulu; kurejista sivela njengomugqa ohlukile njenge-片区 (isiza esincane) esiphezulu sase-Guafengzhai;
  • 白沙河 báishāhé (“umfula wesihlabathi esimhlophe”);
  • 冷水河 lěngshuǐhé (“umfula wamanzi abandayo”).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• I-Yiwu yinhliziyo yomlando wakudala we-pu’er: ngokomlando, ilapha nasezintabeni ezindala ezingomakhelwane lapho itiye lalihamba khona “ngomgwaqo wetiye namahhashi”, futhi ilapha ngenkathi yokuchuma kwezindlu zokuhweba ngamatiye ezizimele lapho kwakuthutheleka khona izinto ezingavuthiwe ezingcono kakhulu.
• Udumo lwanamuhla lwase-Guafengzhai lusha. Isikhathi eside bekuyidolobhana elikude lama-yaozu, izinto zalo zasehlathini ezingavuthiwe ezazisethunzini lezindawo ezidume kakhulu.
• Ukukhuphuka kwentshisekelo “ehlathini likahulumeni” nase-sheng yentaba eyodwa ehlanzekile ngenkathi ye-pu’er yezitolo ezikhethekile yakhipha i-Guafengzhai — futhi ikakhulukazi i-Chawangshu — yayifaka esigabeni esiphezulu samanani nodumo lwase-Yiwu.
• Namuhla amagama afana ne-茶王树, 白沙河 kanye ne-冷水河 asebenza njengezinkomba zokunemba kwendawo: kubaqoqi asho ihlathi elithile, izindlela ezithile kanye nekhodi ethile yokunambitha, hhayi nje “i-Yiwu nje”.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: gǔshù (古树), izihlahla ezindala zohlobo lwamaqabunga abanzi ase-Assam, okuyisici esijwayelekile se-Yiwu kanye nezintaba eziyisithupha zasendulo zetiye.
• Njengoba zikhula ehlathini likahulumeni ngaphandle kokuthenwa noma ukuvundiswa, izihlahla zikhiqiza isivuno esincane uma kuqhathaniswa, kanti inqwaba yamaqabunga inesimo esicacile sasehlathini.
• Imiphumela eyinhloko yemvelaphi:
  • umthamo omncane — ubunzima bokufinyelela ezingadini kanye nesimo sesiqiwu sehlathi kukhawulela ukuvuna;
  • yěyùn (野韵) onamandla — ukujula kokunambitha okwasendle, okupholile;
  • iphunga eliphakeme — naphezu “kobudlova”, iphrofayili ihlala iyinhle futhi inoju nezimbali, okuyinto ehlukanisa i-Yiwu nezifunda ezibabayo kakhulu njenge-Banzhang.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

• Idolobhana ngokwalo lisebenza njengesizinda kuphela: izingadi zetiye zangempela zihlakazekile ezintabeni ezikude, futhi umuntu kufanele ahambe amahora amaningi ngezindlela ezinzima ukuze afinyelele kuzo.
• Izihlahla ezindala ezingcono kakhulu sezihlale amashumi eminyaka zihlala nezitshalo zasendle ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu: umbhede omncane omkhulu ogcwele izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, isimo sezulu esincane esinomswakama, ungqimba olujiyile lomquba wehlathi, kanye nokungabikho cishe ngokuphelele kwezolimo.
• Yilesi simo esakha lokho abanambithi be-Yiwu abakubiza nge-yěyùn (野韵) — “isimo sasendle”: iphimbo lehlathi, elipholile, eliqine kancane, elingekho ematiyeni asengadini.
• I-Chawangshu igqame kakhulu ngekhwalithi nangenani kangangokuba kurejista ivela njengomugqa ohlukile njenge-片区 (isiza esincane) esiphezulu sase-Guafengzhai.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Guafengzhai kanye ne-Chawangshu iyi-sheng (生普洱, shēng pǔ’ěr), ekhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe bakudala base-Yiwu. Uchungechunge oluyisisekelo lwempahla eluhlaza ye-pu’er eluhlaza (毛茶, máochá):

1. 采摘 cǎizhāi — ukuvuna amahlumela ezihlahleni ezindala;
2. 萎凋 / 摊晾 — ukushwabanisa nokwandlala ukuze kulahlekelwe umswakama omncane;
3. 杀青 shāqīng — ukulungiswa epanini lokuthosa ngezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, okumisa ukufakwa kwe-oxygen kodwa kugcine amandla e-enzyme ukuze kuguge kamuva;
4. 揉捻 róuniǎn — ukusonta ukwakha iqabunga nokukhulula amajusi;
5. 晒青 shàiqīng — ukomiswa elangeni, okuchaza uhlobo “lwelanga” lwempahla eluhlaza shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶), elifanele ukuguga isikhathi eside;
6. 压饼 — ukushiswa ngesitimu nokucindezelwa kube amakhekheba (饼, bǐng) noma ezinye izinhlobo zendabuko.

Izinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Guafengzhai ngokuvamile zikhishwa njengentaba eyodwa ehlanzekile (纯料, chúnliào) — ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa, ukuze kugcinwe ukuqashelwa kwesiza, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa nge-Chawangshu.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

Iphrofayili ye-Guafengzhai incike ekugqameni phakathi kokujula kwasendle nephunga eliphakeme:

• iphunga — elicacile huāmìxiāng (花蜜香), uju nezimbali, elindizayo;
• umzimba kanye nesimo — okuqinile yěyùn (野韵), ukuphola kwehlathi, umuzwa wamandla “asezintabeni”;
• ukunambitheka ngemva — okude, nobumnandi obubuyayo.

I-Chawangshu ikhuphula izinga: ichazwa ngokuthi 花果蜜香高扬 (iphunga eliphakeme elindizayo lezimbali, izithelo, noju) ngesikhathi 汤厚气强 — oketshezini oluqinile, olugcwele kunamandla etiye acacile cháqì (茶气). Lena nhlanganisela yobuhle namandla yenza i-Chawangshu ibe esinye seziza eziyizinga eliphezulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu e-Yiwu kanye ne-Bohetang.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izincomo zokuphisa (indlela gōngfū):

• isitsha — i-gaiwan noma itipoti le-Yixing; isilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-7 – 8 g ku-100 – 120 ml;
• amanzi — athambile, izinga lokushisa lisondela ku-95 – 100 °C ezihlahleni ezindala;
• ukuchithwa okusheshayo kokusula, bese kuba nokungeniswa okufushane okunwetshwa kancane kancane;
• izihlahla ezindala zase-Guafengzhai zimelana nokuphisa okuningi, zembula kancane ubumnandi nokujula kwehlathi; akufanele ukhiphe ngokweqile ekuqaleni, ukuze ungacindezeli iphunga elintekenteke.

11. Intengo kanye Nezomgunyathi:

Amazinga e-GB/T. I-Pu’er njengesigaba ilawulwa izinga likazwelonke le-PRC letiye le-pu’er (izinga legama lendawo lomkhiqizo “Pu’er”), elichaza i-sheng ne-shu njengezinhlobo ezimbili, lifuna ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga abanzi ezomiswe elangeni ezivela endaweni egunyaziwe yase-Yúnnán, futhi libeka imingcele yezinzwa, ephathekayo kanye namakhemikhali. I-Guafengzhai ne-Chawangshu ziwela kulolu hlaka njenge-pu’er eluhlaza lase-Yiwu. Amagama asezingeni ledolobhana afana no-”刮风寨” noma “茶王树” — yizinkomba zemakethe nezendawo zeziza e-Yiwu, hhayi izinombolo ezihlukene zamazinga; i-唛号 ethile noma enye ikhodi yento ayinikezwa ezingeni ledolobhana ngokwalo.

Izinkomba zokuqonda ubuqiniso nendawo kuhlelo:

• imvelaphi yasehlathini likahulumeni — i-Guafengzhai yangempela inokunambitheka kwehlathi, okupholile yěyùn; ukuthamba kwengadi okumsulwa ngaphandle kokujula “okwasendle” kufanele kuhlupe;
• ukulinganisela “okwasendle + uju” — umehluko ebuhlungwini base-Banzhang nakumatiye ase-Yiwu amnene asengadini nje: lapha amandla ahlanganiswa nephunga eliphakeme lezimbali noju;
• I-Chawangshu ngokumelene nayo yonke enye i-Guafengzhai — kwi-Chawangshu iphunga liphakeme futhi “liyandiza”, umzimba uqinile, cháqì izwakala kakhulu; lesi yisiqongo seziza ezincane zedolobhana futhi, ngokufanele, ingxenye yebanga lentengo ephezulu;
• umthamo omncane kanye nentengo — amaqoqo amakhulu ashibhile “e-Chawangshu emsulwa” ngokwezibalo ayathandabuzeka: ihlathi eliyisiqiwu kanye nokuhlelwa okunzima kukhawulela ngokoqobo ukuvuna.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• Indawo ohlelweni lwe-Yiwu: eduze ngezinga nangesimo kukhona i-Mahei (isona esiyisilinganiso se- “韵” yakudala emnene-emnandi yase-Yiwu) kanye ne-Wangong (umgogodla ongokomlando we-Mansa); umakhelwane oyivelakancane kakhulu — i-Bohetang nokuphola kwayo okupholile. Ukuqonda laba makhelwane kusiza ekulinganiseni okulindelekile e-Guafengzhai.
• I-Guafengzhai ne-Chawangshu yisimo lapho ubunzima bokufinyelela endaweni bunamathiseleka ngokuqondile enkomishini: ihlathi linikeza udlova nokuphola, izihlahla ezindala — ukujula nobude, kanti isiko lase-Yiwu — lelo nothi eliphezulu loju nezimbali, okuyinto abaqoqi abaya ngayo emigwaqeni yamahora amaningi baya ehlathini likahulumeni lase-Mengla.

the teas described here are available from teamotea