Yìwǔ Máhēi

Mahēi (Máhēi, 麻黑) — ndi mudzi womwe uli m’dera la tiyi la Yìwǔ (Yìwǔ, 易武) kum’mwera kwa Xishuangbanna, dzina lake lomwe lakhala lofanana ndi kakomedwe kamene kamakhalitsa kwambiri pakamwa pakati pa ma pu’er a ku Yìwǔ. Mu magawo athu a 村寨-level, Mahēi ali mu gawo la S ndipo amatengedwa ngati chitsanzo cha kakomedwe ka chikale ka Yìwǔ: mankhwala ofewa, madzi otsekemera, ndi 韵 yotalikirapo.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: sheng (shēng pǔ’ěr, 生普洱)
• Gulu: CHINA-PUERH TEA — gawo la terroir, la mudzi mkati mwa dera la Yiwu (osati chizindikiro chopangidwa ndi njira inayake)
• Chiyambi: mudzi wa Mahei (麻黑), phiri la tiyi la Yiwu (易武), chigawo cha Mengla (Měnglà, 勐腊), dera la Xishuangbanna (Xīshuāngbǎnnà, 西双版纳), Yúnnán
• Mtundu wa mtengo: 古树 (gǔshù) — mitengo yakale
• Mlingo: S — mlingo wapamwamba wokhala ndi kuzindikirika kocheperako (poyerekeza ndi madera a Yiwu a S+)

Mahei ali m’phiri la tiyi la Yiwu — limodzi mwa madera akale opangira sheng. Yiwu ndi ngodya ya kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa “mapiri akale asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi” (gǔ liù dà chá shān, 古六大茶山), malo ofunika kwambiri a mbiri ya tiyi wa ku Yúnnán. M’malo amenewa, Mahei ali ndi malo apadera ngati “chitsanzo chapakati”.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Udindo wa m’mbiri: Yiwu ndiye anali malo opangira chakudya cha “mapiri akale asanu ndi limodzi” m’mbiri; kutchuka kwake kunayambira nthawi yomwe tiyi wa ku Yúnnán ankanyamulidwa ndi magulu a anthu kupita kumpoto ndi ku nyumba ya mfumu.
• Chikale chamakono: mkati mwa dera ili, ndi mayina a midzi — Mahei, Luoshuidong, Guafengzhai, Wangong — omwe adakhala “chikale chatsopano” cha kusonkhanitsa pu’er m’nthawi yamakono, pomwe msika unasintha kuchoka pa zosakaniza za m’mafakitale kupita ku zipangizo za mudzi umodzi kapena mtengo umodzi (dānzhū / dānzhài) zochokera ku mitengo yakale.

Mahei adakhazikika mu ndondomeko iyi ngati “chitsanzo cha kakomedwe ka Yiwu”: pamene pakufunika kusonyeza momwe sheng wa ku Yiwu woyera, wofewa, ndi wotalikirapo amayenera kumvekera, wopanda chikhalidwe cha nkhalango chachilendo cha madera a nkhalango ya boma ndi wopanda kupezeka kwapamwamba kwa Bohetang, nthawi zambiri amatchulapo Mahei. Ndiye chifukwa chake ali ndi mlingo wokhazikika wa S.

3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Zipangizo:

• Mtundu wa zipangizo: 古树 (gǔshù) — tiyi wochokera ku mitengo yakale, mosiyana ndi 大树 (yaikulu, koma yocheperako), 野生 (yakutchire), 过渡型 (yamtundu wapakati) ndi 半栽培 (yolimidwa pang’ono) yomwe imapezeka m’madera ena a Yúnnán.

Ndi mwayi wakuti ndi 古树 umene umafotokozera zizindikiro zazikulu za m’mphuno ndi pakamwa za Mahei: madzi olemera, “onenepa” opanda kukhwimitsa, kutsekemera kokhazikika ndi kakomedwe kotalikirapo m’mero. Mizu yozama yakale imapereka zipangizo zokhala ndi thupi lodzaza bwino ndi kupirira kwambiri potulutsa, kusiyana ndi minda yaying’ono.

4. Terroir ndi Zikhalidwe za Kulima:

Malo a tiyi a Yiwu amapangidwa ndi midzi yambiri ndi madera ang’onoang’ono, ndipo Mahei ali ndi malo apadera ngati “chitsanzo chapakati”. Pamene madera oyandikana nawo a nkhalango ya boma — Bohetang (Bòhétáng, 薄荷塘), Guafengzhai (Guāfēngzhài, 刮风寨), Tongqinghe (Tóngqìnghé, 铜箐河) — amadziwika ndi kununkhira kwakuthengo kwa “nkhalango” ndi kupezeka kochepa kwambiri, Mahei amadziwika makamaka ndi ukhondo ndi kukwanira kwa mbiri ya dimba ya “chikhalidwe” ya Yiwu. Pafupi palinso midzi ina yodziwika bwino ya derali — Luoshuidong (Luòshuǐdòng, 落水洞) ndi nthano yake ya “mtengo wachifumu”, komanso malo akale ofunika kwambiri a Mansa (Mànsā, 曼撒) ndi dera la Wangong (Wāngōng, 弯弓).

Minda yakale ya Yiwu imamera m’malo ofunda achinyezi akum’mwera pomwe chilengedwe cha nkhalango chili bwino, ndipo izi zimapanga kufewa komanso kuzama kwa mankhwala kumene kumadziwika.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Mahei amapangidwa ngati sheng (shēng pǔ’ěr, 生普洱) — pu’er wa mtundu “wosaphika”, wopanikizidwa mwachindunji, mosiyana ndi shu yothamangitsidwa kuvunda mwachinyezi. Kawonedwe kake ka kukonza zipangizo za sheng kuchokera ku Yiwu kumatsata njira yachikale:

• kutola maluwa kuchokera ku mitengo yakale;
• kufowoketsa (wěidiāo, 萎凋);
• kukhazikitsa-”kupha zobiriwira” (shāqīng, 杀青), nthawi zambiri pamanja mu wok;
• kupotoza (róuniǎn, 揉捻);
• kuyanika padzuwa, zomwe zimapereka ‘zipangizo zobiriwira zoyanikidwa padzuwa’ — shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶);
• kusindikiza kukhala ma lepe, njerwa kapena mitundu ina ndi kusunga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndiko kuyanika padzuwa ndi kusowa kwa kuvunda kwakukulu pa nthawi yopanga kumene kumasiyira tiyi mwayi woti asinthe kwa zaka zambiri posungidwa — chikhalidwe chofunikira cha ma sheng onse apamwamba ochokera ku Yiwu.

6. Zizindikiro za Kununkhira ndi Kulawa:

Mbiri ya Mahei mu kaundula wathu yafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi molondola: 汤柔水甜, 韵长 — mankhwala ofewa, madzi otsekemera, ndi kakomedwe kotalikirapo pambuyo pakamwa. Mahei amadziwika kuti ali ndi 韵 (yùn) yodziwika bwino kwambiri mu Yiwu yonse.

韵 pano ndilo lingaliro lofunika kwambiri. Sikununkhira kwapadera, koma kugwirizana kwa momwe zinthu zimamvekera: momwe kutsekemera ndi thupi la mankhwala zimapitirizira “kumveka” m’mero ndi mkamwa ngakhale mutameza kale, momwe kutsekemera kobwerera (huígān, 回甘) ndi chinyezi chokhazikika zikhalira. Mahei amayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha kutalikirapo ndi kukwanira kumeneku, osati mphamvu yowomba: mosiyana ndi kalembedwe ka 布朗山 ndi yake “霸气” ndi kuwawa kwakukulu (monga kwa Lao Banzhang kapena Lao Man’e), Mahei wa ku Yiwu amagwira ntchito kupyolera mu kufewa, kuzungulira ndi kuzama.

9. Kuwira:

Upangiri wothandiza pakuwira sheng wochokera ku mitengo yakale:

• Chida: gaiwan kapena teapot yíxīng; kutumikira m’njira yothira madzi yokhuthala (gōngfū).
• Madzi: ofewa, apafupifupi ndi otentha.
• Mlingo: pafupifupi 7 – 8 g pa 100 – 120 ml.
• Njira: Kutenthetsa ndi kutsuka masamba owuma mwachangu, kenako kuthira pang’onopang’ono ndi kukulitsa nthawi yake.
• Kupirira: Mitengo yakale ya Yiwu imapirira kuthira kambiri, ndikuwonetsa kutsekemera ndi 韵 pang’onopang’ono — musakhale ndi tiyi kwa nthawi yayitali pakuthira koyamba.

10. Kusunga:

Mahei amayankha mwachisomo mukangochikunja: kufewa kwake komwe kumadziwika kumakhala kozama ndi zaka, ndipo kutsekemera kumakhala ngati uchi. Kuyanika padzuwa ndi kusowa kwa kuvunda kwakukulu pa nthawi yopanga kumasiyira tiyi mwayi woti asinthe kwa zaka zambiri posungidwa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Pu’er monga gulu amafotokozedwa ndi muyezo wa dziko lonse wa tiyi wa pu’er ndi malamulo oyendera nawo a dzina la malo a pu’er wa ku Yúnnán. 唛号 yeniyeni (manambala a njira za m’mafakitale) ndi manambala a miyezo a mudzi wa Mahei payekha sanalembedwe mu gwero lathu, chifukwa chake sitikupereka: Mahei ndi makamaka chigawo cha terroir, cha mudzi mkati mwa dera la Yiwu, osati chizindikiro chodziyimira pawokha chokhazikitsidwa. Wogula ayenera kuyang’ana pa chiyambi (Yiwu — Mahei), mtundu wa mtengo (古树) ndi mtundu wa tiyi (sheng), ndipo zonena za miyezo yeniyeni ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zolembedwa pa phukusi la wopanga wake.

Zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira Mahei weniweni ndikusasokoneza ndi mitundu yapafupi:

• Kalembedwe, osati mphamvu. Mahei ndi za kufewa, madzi otsekemera ndi 韻 yayitali. Ngati mu kapu muli kuwawa kwakukulu komanso “霸气”, amenewo ndi mtundu wa 布朗山 (Banzhang, Lao Man’e), osati Yiwu.
• Siginecha ya Yiwu yolimbana ndi nkhalango ya boma. Madera a nkhalango ya boma a Yiwu (Bohetang, Guafengzhai, Tongqinghe) amapereka kununkhira kodziwikiratu kwa “nkhalango”, kozizira. Mahei ndi gawo la dimba, la “chikhalidwe” la Yiwu: loyera, lozungulira, lopanda 野韵 yodziwika bwino.
• Thupi ndi kakomedwe pambuyo pakamwa. Mahei weniweni wochokera ku mitengo yakale amasonyeza madzi okhuthala, koma ofewa, ndi kakomedwe kokhazikika m’mero, komwe kumapitirira kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa mbewu zazing’ono.
• Chiyambi muzolembedwa. Yang’anani chisonyezero cha dera la Yiwu ndi mudzi wa Mahei, komanso mtundu wa zipangizo (古树) ndi mtundu wa tiyi (sheng). Sikoyenera kufunafuna 唛号 yeniyeni ya mudzi — awa ndi gawo la terroir, osati la njira yopangira.
• Kuyandikana kwa kaundula. Mayina oyandikana nawo Luoshuidong ndi Wangong amathandiza kuti mudziwe komwe muli: ali m’banja la kakomedwe la Yiwu, ndipo kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwawo kumatsimikizira kuti muli ndi chiyani m’manja mwanu.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Mahei — ndi nkhani yomwe mbiri ya mudzi imamangidwa osati pa kusoŵa kapena mphamvu zochititsa mantha, koma pa “kulondola” kopanda chilema kwa kakomedwe. Kuti mudziwe momwe Yiwu yachikale ingakhalire, awa ndi amodzi mwa malo oyambira owonetsa bwino.
• Mu mudzi woyandikana nawo wa Luoshuidong (落水洞) pali nthano yodziwika ya “mtengo wachifumu”.

the teas described here are available from teamotea