i-Tóngjùnméi · thetea.app

I-Tóngjùnméi — “amashiya ahloniphekile ethusi” — ibanga lesithathu ochungechungeni oludumile lwe-Jùnméi (骏眉), olwazalwa ngo-2005 esigodini sase-Tóngmù (桐木村, Tóngmù Cūn) eSizeni Sesizwe Semvelo Sase-Wǔyíshān. Uma i-Jīn Jùnméi (金骏眉, “amashiya esagolide”) iyingqikithi yamaqabunga ahlanzekile nomsebenzi wobuciko obunzima, kanti i-Yín Jùnméi (银骏眉, “amashiya esiliva”) iyiqabunga elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa, i-Tóngjùnméi isebenzisa izinto ezivuthiwe kakhudlwana — iqabunga elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu — futhi iphathwa nge-fermentation ejulile. Umphumela uba ngummeli ogcwele kakhulu, ocebile futhi ohlala isikhathi eside ekutshalweni kulolu chungechunge “lwamashiya”, onesimilo esikhanyayo soju nezithelo kanye nokulingana okuphawulekayo kwentengo nekhwalithi. Ekuhwebeni, i-Tóngjùnméi ivame ukuthengiswa ngamagama ahlukile afana no-Xiǎo Chìgān (小赤甘, Xiǎo Chìgān — “okuncane okubomvu okumnandi”) kanye no-Dà Chìgān (大赤甘, Dà Chìgān — “okukhulu okubomvu okumnandi”), okukhombisa izinga lokuvuna nobukhulu beqabunga.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomsuka

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseShayina (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oksijeni ephelele. Lingeyomndeni we-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng) — “ [itiye] langempela lasentabeni elinamaqabunga amancane”, kodwa likhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obusha obungenantuthu (无烟, wúyān), ngokungafani no-Xiǎozhǒng wendabuko obhenywayo.
Isigaba: Ibanga lochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi (骏眉): Jīn (金, “igolide”) → Yín (银, “isiliva”) → Tóng (铜, “ithusi/ukhopa”). I-Tóngjùnméi — ibanga elithengekayo kakhulu kulolu chungechunge, ngenkathi inesimilo sayo esigqamile, esihlukile kwabanye “abafowabo” abadala.
Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Fújiàn (福建省, Fújiàn Shěng), isifunda sikaMasipala wase-Nánpíng (南平市, Nánpíng Shì), idolobha lase-Wǔyíshān (武夷山市, Wǔyíshān Shì), ilokishi lase-Xīngcūn (星村镇, Xīngcūn Zhèn), isigodi sase-Tóngmù (桐木村). I-Tóngmù itholakala enkabeni yeSizeni Sesizwe Semvelo Sase-Wǔyíshān (武夷山国家级自然保护区) — indawo esohlwini lwe-UNESCO lwamagugu emvelo namasiko omhlaba. Lendawo iyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo wonke amatiye abomvu omndeni we-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng futhi iyinsika yochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi. Ukuze kube yi-Tóngjùnméi yangempela, izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zisuka “e-zhèngshān” (正山, “izintaba eziyizo”) — indawo yesizeni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-565, okuhlanganisa isigodi sase-Tóngmù nezindawo eziseduze ezisezintabeni (Máli 麻粟, Guàdūn 挂墩, Jiāngdūn 江墩, Miàowānpíng 庙湾坪 njll.).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe u-27°45′ N, 117°40′ E (isigodi sase-Tóngmù / imfundo i-Tóngmùguān).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando: I-Tóngjùnméi yavela kanye kanye ne-Jīn Jùnméi — ngoJuni 2005, lapho umenzi wetiye oyingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé (梁骏德, Liáng Jùndé) kanye nosomabhizinisi u-Jiāng Yuánxūn (江元勋, Jiāng Yuánxūn) benkampani i-Zhèngshān cháyè (正山茶业) ngokwesiphakamiso sabathandi betiye baseBeijing — intatheli u-Yán Yìfēng (阎翼峰) kanye nomqoqi u-Zhāng Mèngjiāng (张孟江, “Yìshìchárén” 佚士茶人) — bazama ukwenza itiye elibomvu ngamaqabunga ahlanzekile ezihlahla zasendle ze-qízhǒng (奇种, qízhǒng — “izinhlobo ezingavamile/ezixakile”). Iqoqo lokuqala — ingxenye nje ye-catty (cishe amagremu angu-250) — libe yisambulo: ukukhanya okusagolide, iphunga lezimbali loju, ubumnandi obumangalisayo. Umkhiqizo waqanjwa kwathiwa “Jùnméi” (骏眉 — “amashiya ahloniphekile/asheshayo”): u-骏 (jùn) — kuhlonishwa ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé, futhi ngencazelo ethi “amahhashi phakathi kwamatiye” (kusukela emfanekisweni wehhashi elisheshayo); u-眉 (méi) — “ishiya” — ngesimo seqabunga elisongekile, elifana neshiya eligobile. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe amabanga, kwamukelwa i-“Jùnméi lìng” (《骏眉令》, “Isimemezelo Se-Jùnméi”), esakhiwa u-Zhāng Mèngjiāng, u-Yán Yìfēng no-Mǎ Bǎoshān ngo-2005: amaqabunga ahlanzekile, avunwa nge-Qīngmíng — i-Jīn (igolide); iqabunga + iqabunga elilodwa nge-Gǔyǔ — i-Yín (isiliva); iqabunga + amaqabunga angu-2–3 nge-Lìxià — i-Tóng (ithusi). Empeleni, njengoba igama elithi “ithusi/ukhopa” lalingakhangi kakhulu kubathengi, ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé yaqala ukuthengisa i-Tóngjùnméi ngamagama okuhweba athi “Xiǎo Chìgān” no-“Dà Chìgān” — “okuncane” no-“okukhulu okubomvu okumnandi”. Lawa magama ahlala emakethe. Ngo-2009, i-Jùnméi yenza inguquko enkulu embonini yetiye yaseShayina, yaguqula i-Tóngmù isuka esigodini esikhohliwe yaba isizinda sabalandeli betiye elibomvu futhi yavuselela intshisekelo ngamatiye abomvu kulo lonke elaseShayina.
Igama: Tóng (铜) — “ithusi, ubhedu” — likhombisa ibanga lesithathu lochungechunge (ngemuva kwegolide nesiliva), kanye nombala osobomvu wethusi obonakala eqabungeni elomile nangemuva kokutshalwa. Jùn (骏) — “ihhashi elihloniphekile” (umfanekiso wokushesha nohlobo oluphakeme) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo — kubhekiselwa egameni lomsunguli u-Liáng Jùndé. Méi (眉) — “ishiya” — isingathekiso sesimo seqabunga letiye elisongekile: elincanyana, eligobile, elinoboya obuncane.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Uchungechunge lwe-Jùnméi lube wuphawu “lokuvuselelwa kwetiye elibomvu” eShayina. Ngaphambi kuka-2005, itiye elibomvu ezweni lalinesidingo esilinganiselwe (inani elikhulu lomkhiqizo lalithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe); ukuvela kwe-Jùnméi kwashintsha lesi simo ngokuphelele — itiye elibomvu laba semfashinini, lafiseleka futhi lahlonipheka. I-Tóngjùnméi, njengommeli othengeka kakhulu walolu chungechunge, yadlala indima ebalulekile ekufinyeleleni kwabaningi kulo mkhuba: yavumela inqwaba yabathandi betiye ukuthi bahlanganyele “esitayeleni sase-Tóngmù” ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhokha izizumbulu zentengo nge-Jīn Jùnméi. Isigodi sase-Tóngmù — “indawo okwazalelwa kuyo wonke amatiye abomvu omhlaba” (世界红茶的发源地) — ngenxa ye-Jùnméi sathola amandla amasha: abalimi betiye bashiya izithuthuthu baphinde bahlala ezimotweni, amaxhaphozi oqalo ashintsha aba yizindlu zamatshe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Izinhlobo zasendle zomdabu — i-qízhǒng (奇种, qízhǒng — “izinhlobo eziyisimanga”), ezaziwa nangokuthi i-càichá (菜茶, càichá — “itiye lasengadini”): amahlumela amancane anamaqabunga amancane e-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, akhulela ezimeni zemvelo zesizeni phakathi kwehlathi loqalo, ngasemifudlaneni yasezintabeni nasezindaweni ezinamatshe. Amahlumela amaningi ambozwe ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwe-moss, okufakaza ubudala bawo obungamashumi nanamakhulu eminyaka. I-qízhǒng iyisixuku esinhlobonhlobo ngokofuzo, esingakaze sikhethwe; ihlumela ngalinye lihlukile, okwengeza ubunzima obengeziwe ephungeni letiye eliphelele.
Ukuvuna: Ngokwe-“Jùnméi lìng”, i-Tóngjùnméi ivunwa cishe nge-Lìxià (立夏, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi — ekuqaleni kwehlobo). Empeleni, ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuvuna okuyinhloko kwe-Jīn ne-Yín Jùnméi. Isikhathi sokuvuna sakamuva sisho ukuthi amaqabunga avele avuleke futhi aqongelele ama-polyphenol amaningi nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Iqabunga elingu-1 + amaqabunga amancane angu-2–3. Iqabunga kufanele libe lisha, lithambe (嫩, nèn), lingenakho ukulimala kwemishini. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngezikhathi zasekuseni (7:00–10:00), lapho izulu lomile, ngendlela “yokuphakamisa” (提手采, tíshǒu cǎi) — ngaphandle kokusonteka noma ukuminywa kwehlumela.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa lilethwa efektri ngokushesha; ukuminywa, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokubabomvu ngaphambi kwesikhathi akuvumelekile. Iqabunga lemvula alisetshenziswa. Kuthandwa amahlumela anamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ngokuphaphathekile noma aphuzi kancane; aluhlaza okotshani ngokumnyama athathwa njengangekho ezingeni eliphezulu.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala

Ukuphakama kokutshala: 800–1,500 m; iziza zetiye eziyinhloko zitholakala endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-1,200 m. Izinto eziyigugu kakhulu — zivela ezindaweni “ze-zhèngshān” (正山) ngaphakathi kwesizeni.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esivamile sasezintabeni ezishisayo: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-11–18 °C; imvula yonyaka — cishe u-2,000 mm; umswakama wonyaka ophakathi nendawo — 80%; inani lezinsuku ezinokhuphuka — lifinyelela kweziyi-120 ngonyaka. Ukukhanya okuthambile okusabalalayo kanye nomswakama omningi kusiza ekunqwabelaneni kwama-amino acid namafutha abalulekile eqabungeni.
Inhlabathi: Ine-asidi (i-pH 4.5–5.0), ukujula okungu-30–90 cm, esekelwe kuma-quartzite noma ama-granite agugile. Inothe ngezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokubola kwamaqabunga oqalo nodoti wehlathi.
Imvelo: Ubuningi bamahlathi — 96.3%. I-Tóngmù ingumgogodla wenye yezindawo ezinamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo aseMpumalanga Asia agcinwe kahle kakhulu. Amahlumela etiye akhula phakathi kwezihlahla, amahlathi oqalo kanye nama-fern; akukho masimu akhethekile — itiye livunwa emahlumelini “asendle”, asakazeke emithambekeni yezintaba. Izibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo wamaminerali awasetshenziswa; indawo yesizeni ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezinambuzaneni. Ukungena kule ndawo kukhawulelwe ngokuqinile: i-Tóngmù isalokhu iyindawo evaliwe kwabokufika — okuyigugu lekhulu le-19, lapho “umzingeli wezitshalo” waseBrithani uRobert Fortune athumela ngasese imbewu nezimfihlo zokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

I-Tóngjùnméi ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obusha obungenantuthu bochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi, obusekelwe esikweni le-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng, kodwa ngaphandle kwesigaba sakudala sokubhenywa ngezinkuni zikaphayini. Umehluko oyinhloko ku-Jīn Jùnméi — izinga lokuvutshelwa elijulile (kufinyelela ku-70–80% nangaphezulu) nokusebenza ngeqabunga elivuthiwe kakhulu.

Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Iqabunga elingu-1 + amaqabunga angu-2–3, ukuvuna ngesandla ngezikhathi zasekuseni.
Ukubuna (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Kuyinhlanganisela: kwelanga (日光萎凋, rìguāng wěidiāo) — ukusakaza kumathileyi oqalo ngongqimba oluncane (olungeqi ku-2 cm), kuphendulwa njalo emizuzwini engu-10–20 kuze kube kuthambe futhi kuphele ukucwebezela; bese — kumiswa kabusha endlini (室内萎凋, shìnèi wěidiāo) ngomoya ofudumele onomswakama. I-“Jùnméi lìng” ikubeka kanje “ithunzi elinguhhafu nokukhanya okunguhhafu, omisa amaqabunga”.
Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ngokwefomula ethi “phusha kancane, donsa ngamandla” (轻推重拉): ukucindezela kancane ekuqaleni, bese kuqiniswa ukuze kwakhe ukusonteka okuqinile nokukhipha ijusi. Iqabunga elisontekile lakhiwa libe yindilinga (坨, tuó).
I-Oxidation (发酵 — fājiào): Indilinga yamaqabunga asontekile imbozwa ngendwangu emanzi (坨盖湿布) futhi igcinwe ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. I-“Jùnméi lìng” inquma ukuvutshelwa “ngezingxenye eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi” (酵七成), yize kunjalo, kwi-Tóngjùnméi, ngezinto zayo ezivuthiwe kakhulu, izinga lokuvutshelwa — liphakeme kakhulu kulolu chungechunge: iqabunga lithola umbala ojulile obomvu wethusi, iphunga — licebile, linamathoni obusi nezithelo.
Ukomisa (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, okungenantuthu, okuhamba kancane (低温无烟慢烘焙). Ukungabikho kwentuthu — kungumehluko oyisisekelo ku-Xiǎozhǒng wakudala. Ukomisa kancane ezingeni lokushisa elingephansi kugcina izinhlanganisela eziphunga kamnandi futhi kwakha ubumnandi “bobusi” obuyisici. Umthetho oqinile: “ungawenzi amaqabunga asebusuku” (切记莫做隔夜青) — wonke umjikelezo kusukela ekuvuneni kuya ekusomini uqedwa ngosuku olulodwa.
Ukuhlunga (分级 — fēnjí): Ukususwa kweziqu ezimahhadlahhadla, ukulinganiswa kwezingxenye.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka kukhulu futhi kuxega ukwedlula i-Jīn ne-Yín Jùnméi; iqabunga libanzi, ngokuvuleka okubonakalayo kwengxenye yalo. Umbala — “ingxenye ephuzi, ingxenye eyisishiyagalolunye emnyama” (半黄九半黑): umbala jikelele umnyama, kunezichasiso ezimbalwa zegolide nethusi ezivela eboyeni bamaqabunga. Ama-tip amancane kakhulu kunamanye amabanga aphezulu.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ubumnandi bobusi obugqamile obunamanothi ezimbali nezithelo (花蜜香, huāmì xiāng). Iphunga “licinene” futhi “lifudumele” ukwedlula i-Jīn Jùnméi, linemisindo yebhatata ebhakiwe, izithelo ezomisiwe kanye nethoni elula ye-caramel.
Iphunga lokukhanyiselwa: Linezendlalelo eziningi: ekuchithekeni kokuqala — ukuqhakaza kwezimbali (i-orchid, i-rose), bese — izithelo (ipentshisi, ibhilikosi), ekugcineni — ubusi obuhlanzekile namakhekhe amnandi. Ukuqina kwephunga — kuphezulu.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele (醇厚, chúnhòu), kucebile, kunobumnandi bobusi obugqamile kanye “nokubuya okumnandi” okude (回甘, huígān). Umzimba wokukhanyiselwa — uqinile futhi “ujiyile” ukwedlula i-Jīn Jùnméi. Ubukrakra nokuqina akukho uma kutshalwe ngendlela efanele. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva — kude, kuyagona, ngomuzwa omnandi “wokunamathela” emphinjeni (挂喉感, guàhóu gǎn).
Umbala wokukhanya: Inhlaka-elisagolide, esobala, enethoni efudumele yobusi (汤色澄黄). Icebe kakhulu ngombala kunokukhanya okusagolide nokubonakalayo kwe-Jīn Jùnméi.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elitshaliwe): Kubomvu okwethusi ngokukhazimula okunsundu, amaqabunga avuleke kahle; amahlumela aphelele athi “iqabunga + amaqabunga angu-2–3” ayabonakala. Ukuthungwa kuyelastiki, kuthambe.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ama-Polyphenol: Amazinga aphezulu kunaku-Jīn Jùnméi, ngenxa yezinto ezivuthiwe kakhulu. Ngenkathi yokuvutshelwa okujulile, ingxenye enkulu yama-catechin iguqulwa ibe yi-theaflavins (TF) ne-thearubigins (TR), okwakha umbala ocebile, “umzimba” oqinile kanye nokuthungwa okusilelayo kokukhanyiselwa.
Ama-Amino Acid: I-L-theanine — ngenani eliphethe (eliphansi kunaku-Jīn Jùnméi enamaqabunga amaningi, kodwa elanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthamba nobumnandi). Ukutshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme nokufihlwa uqalo kugcina izinga elihle le-theanine ngisho nasemaqabungeni avuthiwe kakhulu.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (2.5–4% wesisindo esomile — ephakeme kancane kunamabanga anamaqabunga kuphela, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqabunga avuthiwe), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (usinda ngokwengxenye), amavithamini eqembu B, i-β-carotene.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride, i-iron — isethi ejwayelekile yezinto zase-Wǔyí eziphakeme ezisekela enhlabathini ye-quartzite.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-β-ionone, i-nonanal — kwakha iphunga lezimbali nobusi eliyisici. Iqabunga elivuthiwe kakhulu liletha amanothi engeziwe “afudumele” (i-maltol, i-furfural) ngenxa yokusabela kwe-Maillard ngesikhathi sokusoma.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Ikhuthaza amandla futhi ikhuphule ukugxila ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine; umphumela wokukhuthaza — uyalingana, awunazo iziqongo ezibukhali.
Inomphumela we-antioxidant: i-theaflavins kanye nama-catechin asasele anciphisa ama-radicals mahhala futhi asekela ukuvikela kwamangqamuzana.
Iyafudumeza futhi isekela ukugayeka kokudla okunethezekile — itiye elibomvu linomthelela omncane, omnene esiswini (暖胃, nuǎn wèi); lifaneleka ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokudla.
Isiza impilo yesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: ama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu asekela ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi futhi angasiza ekwandiseni ukujwayelekile komfutho wegazi.
Iqukethe i-fluoride nama-polyphenol, anenzuzo empilweni yomlomo: ukuqinisa uqweqwe lwawo nokuvimbela amagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
Inomphumela omncane wokuqhubeza ukuchama; isiza ekukhipheni ubuthi emzimbeni.
Isiza ukususa ukukhathala nokubuyisela amandla ngemuva kokucindezeleka kwengqondo nomzimba.
Iphunga elinothe lobusi kanye ne-L-theanine ekuyo kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka.

9. Ukutshala

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C. Ngokungafani ne-Jīn Jùnméi entekenteke, i-Tóngjùnméi enamaqabunga ayo avuthiwe kahle ivuleka kahle ezingeni lokushisa eliseduze nokubila; lokhu kuvumela ukukhishwa okugcwele “komzimba” ojiyile nokujula kobusi. Umkhuba ojwayelekile phakathi kwezingcweti zase-Tóngmù — ukutshala ngamanzi abilayo agqamile.
Inani letiye: Ama-3–5 g ku-100–120 ml (i-gongfu); ama-3–4 g ku-200–300 ml (ukuminyanisa enkomishini noma isitayela saseYurophu).
Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn emhlophe yobumba (盖碗) engu-100–120 ml — ivumela ukujabulela iphunga nombala; itiye yobumba noma yengilazi. Ukuze utshale nsuku zonke, inkomishi ejwayelekile enesembozo nayo ingasebenza.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza i-gàiwǎn ngamanzi abilayo, ukhiphe amanzi.
2. Thela itiye, uvale ngesembozo imizuzwana engu-3–5 — donsa umoya “wephunga elomile” lobusi.
3. Ukugeza: ukuchitheka okusheshayo imizuzwana engu-1–2, kukhishwe (uma uthanda — ungakweqa).
4. Ukuchitheka kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-5–10.
5. Ukuchitheka okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5; kusukela ekuchithekeni kwesi-6–7 — ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu (kuze kufike emizuzwaneni engu-15–20).
6. Isibalo sokuchitheka: 8–12 nangaphezulu — i-Tóngjùnméi yiyona ehlala isikhathi eside ekutshalweni phakathi kwawo wonke amabanga e-Jùnméi ngenxa yeqabunga elijiyile, elivuthiwe. Ngokukhethekile ekuchithekeni kwakamuva lapho kwembulwa khona ubumnandi bayo obujulile obujulile obusayina.

10. Ukugcinwa

Gcina esitsheni esivaleka kahle nesingabonakali (ikani likathayela noma lobumba, isikhwama esivala umoya esinezingqimba ze-foil), endaweni eyomile epholile ngezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-22–25 °C, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga eziyi-18–24. I-Tóngjùnméi izinzile uma igcinwe; ngaphansi kwezimo ezinokucophelela, iyakuvumela ukuvuthwa kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-2–3, lapho iphunga lithamba, futhi ukunambitheka kuzuza ubuhle obengeziwe. Ukugcinwa efrijini akudingekile.

11. Intengo Nemikhohlisi

I-Tóngjùnméi — ibanga elithengekayo kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-Jùnméi. Uma intengo yekhilogremu ye-Jīn Jùnméi yangempela yase-Tóngmù ifinyelela emashumini ezinkulungwane zama-yuan, i-Tóngjùnméi (Xiǎo Chìgān / Dà Chìgān) ibiza intengo ephansi kakhulu — kusukela emakhulwini ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-yuan ngo-500 g, kuye ngendawo yokuvuna nengcweti ethize. Noma kunjalo, i-Tóngjùnméi nayo iyakhohliswa kakhulu: ngenxa yokuthandwa “kwesitayela sase-Tóngmù”, imakethe igcwele izilingiso ezivela kwezinye izindawo zase-Fújiàn (Zhènghé, Tányáng, Jiàn’ōu) ngisho nasezifundazweni ezingomakhelwane.

Ungayigwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
1. Thenga kubakhiqizi base-Tóngmù noma kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe abanohide olubonakalayo lokuhlinzeka; kuhle — kukhonjiswe igama lengcweti eyakhayo (实名制, shímíng zhì).
2. Ukubukeka: i-Tóngjùnméi yangempela — “ingxenye ephuzi, ingxenye emnyama” (hhayi emnyama ngokuphelele futhi hhayi esagolide ngokugqamile); ukusonteka — okwemvelo, akukalingani ngokuphelele; iqabunga — akulona elincane kakhulu (leli akulona ibanga lamaqabunga kuphela).
3. Ukukhanya: inhlaka yegolide, esobala, enephunga lobusi nokunambitheka okumnandi ngaphandle kobukrakra nokuqina. Ukukhanya okunamafu, okubomvu ngokumnyama noma ubukrakra obugqamile — kuyizimpawu zokushintshwa.
4. Ukuqina: i-Tóngjùnméi yangempela yase-Tóngmù imelana nokuchitheka okungu-8–12, igcine ukunambitheka nephunga; izilingiso ezishibhile “ziphelelwa” ngemuva kokuchitheka oku-3–4.
5. Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo yetiye elinegama elithi “桐木关” / “正山” — cishe ingumgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Igama elithi “Tóngjùnméi” alisetshenziswa ezitolo ezithengisa kumthengi. Ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé yaba ngowokuqala ukuphakamisa ukuqamba kabusha: “Phambi kwayo kukhona igolide nesiliva; ithusi ngeke lisathengiswa ngentengo enhle”. Kwavela kanjalo amagama okuhweba athi “Xiǎo Chìgān” (小赤甘 — lisuselwa eqabungeni + amaqabunga angu-2) no-“Dà Chìgān” (大赤甘 — lisuselwa eqabungeni + amaqabunga angu-3 avuthiwe kakhulu). Lawa magama aba izikhundla zokuthengisa ezizimele.
Ngokwe-“Jùnméi lìng”, kusuka ku-Jùnméi kungenziwa futhi ne-“Jùnméi bīng” (骏眉冰 — iqhwa/ibandayo) kanye ne-“Jùnméi bǐng” (骏眉饼 — icindezelwe laba isinkwa). Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ngokungavamile kakhulu futhi zithathwa njengeziqoqwayo.
Ku-500 g we-Jīn Jùnméi kusebenza amaqabunga angu-50,000–58,000; ku-500 g we-Tóngjùnméi — amahlumela ambalwa kakhulu (ngalinye linesisindo esikhulu). Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuphambana kwentengo.
Ingcweti-umsunguli u-Liáng Jùndé — iyingcweti yetiye yofuzo, owaqala ukusebenza ngetiye eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili: ugogo wakhe, owesifazane onezinyawo eziboshwe ngebhandeshi, wayengakwazi ukunyova itiye ngezinyawo (indlela yendabuko yokusonteka e-Tóngmù) futhi wafundisa umzukulu. Ngo-2008, u-Liáng washiya inkampani i-“Zhèngshān cháyè” futhi wasungula eyakhe ifektri i-“Jùndé cháchǎng” (骏德茶厂), eyaba ngomunye wabakhiqizi abayisilinganiso bochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi.
Izakhamuzi zase-Tóngmù zikhuluma isigodi sase-Jiāngxī (hhayi isi-Fújiàn sase-Mǐnnán), futhi imindeni eminingi ilandelela uhlu lozalo lwayo esifundazweni sase-Jiāngxī: ingcweti u-Liáng Jùndé, ngokombhalo womlando womndeni, uyinzalo yabafuduki base-Guìxī (贵溪, isigodi esisezansi kwentaba i-Lónghǔshān) — okhokho bakhe bathuthela e-Tóngmù eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-500 edlule.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu ochungechunge lwe-Jùnméyi kanye ne-Xiǎozhǒng

I-Jīn Jùnméi (金骏眉, Jīn Jùnméi): Ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu — amaqabunga ahlanzekile, avunwa nge-Qīngmíng. Ukukhanya — kusagolide futhi kubonakala kahle, umbala “we-amber efudumele”; iphunga — licolekile kakhulu, lezimbali nobusi nenothi le-lánhuā (orchid); ukunambitheka — okusilika, okutekenteke, kugcizelela ubumnandi “nokunyakaza komoya”. Uma kuqhathaniswa nayo, i-Tóngjùnméi — “isemhlabeni” kakhulu, ijiyile, icebile, “inomzimba” ogqamile nokukhuthazela okukhulu ekutshalweni.
I-Yín Jùnméi (银骏眉, Yín Jùnméi): Ibanga elimaphakathi — iqabunga elingu-1 + iqabunga elingu-1, ukuhlunga nge-Gǔyǔ. Isimilo esiphakathi phakathi kokunyakaza komoya kwe-Jīn nokugcwala komzimba kwe-Tóng: iphunga — lezimbali nezithelo, ukunambitheka — okumnandi ngokuhleleka okuncane, umzimba — ophakathi.
I-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng — ebhenywayo yendabuko (正山小种传统烟熏): Isitayela sakudala esibhenywa ngezinkuni zikaphayini (松烟, sōngyān). Iphunga — intuthu, i-longan, izithelo ezomile; ukunambitheka — okuqinile, “okunentuthu nokumnandi”. I-Tóngjùnméi ayinalo inothi lentuthu; isimilo sayo — ubusi obuhlanzekile nezimbali.
I-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng — engenantuthu (正山小种无烟): Inguqulo yesimanje ye-Xiǎozhǒng ngaphandle kokubhenywa. Ngesitayela, isondele kakhulu ku-Tóngjùnméi, yize kunjalo, indinganiso yokuvuna ye-Xiǎozhǒng — iyaguquguquka kakhulu (kusuka eqabungeni + amaqabunga angu-1–2 kuya ezintweni ezivuthiwe kakhudlwana); kanti i-Tóngjùnméi izibeka njengengxenye yochungechunge oluyiprimiyamu olunokulawula okuqinile kwekhwalithi nobuchwepheshe.
ILǎocóng Hóngchá (老枞红茶, Lǎocóng Hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu elivela emahlumelini amadala ase-Tóngmù, ambozwe ngobulembu. Linokunambitheka okuhlukile “okunobulembu” (枞味) nokumuncu kanye nobusha “basolwandle”. I-Tóngjùnméi, eyenziwe nge-lǎocóng, ihlanganisa zombili lezi zimilo, kodwa emakethe amaqoqo anjalo ahlukaniswa abe yisigaba esihlukile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Tóngjùnméi — “iqhawe lesizwe” lochungechunge lwe-Jùnméi: inalokho okufanayo kwezakhi zofuzo zomhlaba wase-Tóngmù — amahlumela asendle e-qízhǒng, inkungu yasezintabeni, amahlathi oqalo, inhlabathi ye-quartzite, — kodwa ikwembula ngefomethi egcwele kakhudlwana, ecebile futhi entando yeningi. Ukujula kobusi, ukufudumala kwethusi nokukhuthazela okumangalisayo kuyenza ibe itiye elihle lansuku zonke kulabo abazisa itiye langempela elibomvu lase-Wǔyí ngaphandle kokukhokha ngokweqile ngebanga “lesagolide”. Zama ukutshala i-Tóngjùnméi ngamanzi abilayo agqamile ku-gàiwǎn emhlophe yobumba bese ulandelela ukuthi kusukela ekuchithekeni kuya kokunye iphunga liguquka kanjani lisuka ezimbalini liye ezithelweni bese lidlulela phambili — ekubeni ubusi obuhlanzekile, obugonayo. Ngokukhethekile ekuchithekeni kwesishiyagalombili kuya kweshumi lapho i-Tóngjùnméi yembulwa ngokugcwele — futhi kungaleso sikhathi lapho kuqondakala khona ukuthi kungani “ithusi” lase-Tóngmù libiza kakhulu kune “golide” lezinye izindawo eziningi.