Xiāngshān Gòngchá

I-Xiāngshān Gòngchá (香山贡茶, Xiāngshān gòngchá) ithiye eliluhlaza elinomlando, livela esifundeni sase-Fèngjié (奉节县, Fèngjié Xiàn), endaweni engenela kwiMigudwane Emikhulu Yesithathu yoMfula i-Yangtze (长江三峡), ngasemazansi kwenqaba yeNkosi Emhlophe yase-Báidìchéng (白帝城, Báidìchéng). I-Fèngjié iyindawo yasendulo eyayibizwa nge-Kuízhōu (夔州, Kuízhōu), “AmaSango eMigudwane Yesithathu,” indawo lapho imbongi u-Dù Fǔ (杜甫) yabhala khona izimbongo ezingaphezu kwama-400, futhi lapho umhosha wamatshe wase-Qútángxiá (瞿塘峡, Qútáng Xiá) — “uMphimbo woMfula uYangtze” — ukhonjiswa emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan. Phakathi nobukhosi bakwaTáng, ithiye laseKuízhōu laliyingxenye yamagōngchá (贡茶) okukhulunywa ngawo encwadini ethi “Isengezo Somlando Kahulumeni” (《国史补》) kaLǐ Zhào, lapho libizwa ngokuthi “夔州香雨” (“iMvula EnePhunga Elimnandi yaseKuízhōu”). U-Lù Yǔ encwadini yakhe ethi “Incwadi Yomthetho Wethiye” (《茶经》) wafaka i-Kuízhōu ohlwini lwezifunda ezikhiqiza ithiye. Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka elahlekile, ithiye lavuselelwa ngo-1991, futhi ngo-2023 lase lithole indebe yeGolide ye-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯金奖) izikhathi ezimbili. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingama-28 zokukhiqiza, futhi isici esiyinkomba — “iphunga le-kheshinathi” (栗香) — sidalwa “umsebenzi womlilo” (火工, huǒ gōng) ngobunyoninco ezigabeni zokugcina zokumiswa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Ithiyana eliluhlaza (elingavutshiwe, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ukugcinisa ukuluhlaza — ukuhuqa nge-rola ku-160–180 °C (滚筒杀青). Ukumisa kokugcina — okuhlanganisiwe: ukumiswa kokuqala ezingeni lokushisa lika-90–100 °C → ukubunjwa ngesandla → ukwembula iphunga kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa lika-80–90 °C → “ukubhenyezela komlilo” (猛火, měng huǒ) ku-110 °C imizuzwana emi-3.
Isigaba: Ithiyana elibizwa ngegama elinomlando (历史名茶). I-Gōngchá yangesikhathi sikaTáng — okungelinye lamathiyana acishe abe ngama-20 abhalwe encwadini ethi “Umlando Omusha Wobukhosi BakwaTáng” (《新唐书·地理志》) njengemali yobukhosi evela e-Kuízhōu Yún’ānjùn. Indebe yeGolide emcimbini we-Agricultural Exhibition Kazwelonke (1995). Indebe yeGolide ye-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯金奖, 2023). Indebe yeGolide yomncintiswano wase-Chóngqìng “Dòu Chá” (重庆斗茶大赛金奖, 2023). Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili zephunga: “uhlobo lwe-kheshinathi” (栗香型, lì xiāng xíng, oluyinhloko) kanye nohlobo “lokuhlaza okumsulwa” (清香型, qīng xiāng xíng, “umsebenzi womlilo” olula).
Imvelaphi: I-China; idolobha elilawulwa ngokuqondile yiCentral Government i-Chóngqìng (重庆市, Chóngqìng Shì); isifunda sase-Fèngjié (奉节县, Fèngjié Xiàn), i-Kuízhōu yasendulo (夔州). Umgogodla wekhwalithi — idolobhana lase-Báidì (白帝镇, Báidì Zhèn), indawo yethempeli lase-Xiāngshān Sì (香山寺, Xiāngshān Sì, “IThempeli leNtaba EnePhunga Elimnandi”), ukuphakama okungama-500–900 m — “ibhande lamafu nenkungu”. Ngaphezu kwalokho — idolobhana lase-Xīnmín (新民镇, Xīnmín Zhèn), izindawo ezisemfuleni.
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: ~31°00′–31°30′ N, 109°00′–109°40′ E (indawo yase-Fèngjié, umphimbo weMigudwane Yesithathu).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:

I-Kuízhōu (夔州) — ngesinye sezifunda zasendulo zaseChina ezazikhiqiza ithiye, okuyindawo ekhulunywa ngayo u-Lù Yǔ encwadini yakhe ethi “Incwadi Yomthetho Wethiye” (《茶经》, ngekhulu lesi-8) njengenye yezindawo ezikhiqizayo. Encwadini ethi “Umlando Omusha Wobukhosi BakwaTáng” (《新唐书·地理志》), isifunda sase-Kuízhōu Yún’ānjùn (夔州云安郡) sibhalwe njengomhlinzeki wethiye obuthunywa embusweni. Isazi-mlando sesikhathi sikaTáng u-Lǐ Zhào (李肇) encwadini ethi “Isengezo Somlando Kahulumeni” (《国史补》) ubalula amagōngchá adumile, phakathi kwawo — “夔州香雨” (“iMvula EnePhunga Elimnandi yaseKuízhōu”), eyayikhiqizwa eduze kweNtaba yaseXiāngshān, eduze ne-Báidìchéng.

Ngesikhathi sikaSòng, “宾化早春” (“Intwasahlobo Yokuqala yaseBīnhuà”) yase-Fèngjié yayidumile enhlokodolobha — lokhu kufakazelwa incwadi ethi “Jiànyán Zájì” (《建炎杂记》). “Bīnhuà” igama lasendulo lenye yezindawo zase-Fèngjié, kanti “intwasahlobo yokuqala” kukhombisa ukuthi ithiyana lalivuthwa masinya ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele esincane somhosha. Ngesikhathi sikaMíng, u-Huáng Yīzhèng (黄一正) encwadini eningi yolwazi ethi “Shìwù Gànzhū” (《事物绀珠·茶类》) wabhalwa ukuthi “夔州香山茶” — “Ithiyana LaseNtabeni EnePhunga Elimnandi laseKuízhōu,” okuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweNtaba yaseXiāngshān kanye nesiko lethiye. Ngaleyo ndlela, i-Xiāngshān Gòngchá inomlando wombhalo oqhubekayo ongaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane: Táng (Lǐ Zhào, Lù Yǔ) → Sòng (Jiànyán Zájì) → Míng (Huáng Yīzhèng).

Ekupheleni kobukhosi bakwaQīng naphakathi nezikhathi zempi zekhulu lama-20, ubuchwepheshe belahleka. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngo-1991: abaphathi base-Fèngjié bahlanganisa izingcezu zezindlela zomlando nezindinganiso zesimanje futhi bavuselela ukukhiqizwa. Ngo-1995 ithiyana lathola indebe yeGolide emcimbini we-Agricultural Exhibition Kazwelonke (中国农博会金奖). Ngo-2023 — ukunqoba okuphindwe kabili: i-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯金奖) kanye nomncintiswano wase-Chóngqìng “Dòu Chá” (重庆斗茶大赛金奖).

Igama: 香山 (Xiāngshān) — “INtaba EnePhunga Elimnandi” — intaba eduze kwase-Fèngjié, emithambekeni yayo lapho kukhona ithempeli lasendulo i-Xiāngshān Sì; 贡茶 (Gòngchá) — “ithiye lomnikelo,” “ithiye elinikezwa umbusi.” Incazelo ephelele: “IGòngchá yaseNtabeni EnePhunga Elimnandi.”
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Fèngjié iyindawo lapho kuhlangana khona izimbongo nomlando ngokukhethekile. Lapha, enqabeni yeNkosi Emhlophe (白帝城), u-Liú Bèi (刘备) wadlulisela indlalifa yakhe ku-Zhūgě Liàng (诸葛亮) — okungesinye sezigcawu ezinamandla kunazo zonke ku-“Romance of the Three Kingdoms.” Yilapha-ke lapho u-Dù Fǔ ahlala khona iminyaka emibili (766–768), ebhala izimbongo ezingaphezu kwama-400 — cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yawo wonke amagugu akhe, okuhlanganisa neyaziwa kakhulu ethi “Eight Stanzas on Autumn” (秋兴八首). I-Qútángxiá — isango lokungena eMigudwaneni Yesithathu — ikhonjiswa emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan. U-Lǐ Bái (李白) wabhala inkondlo yakhe edumile ethi “Ukuhamba Ngesikebhe Ekuseni Kusuka e-Báidìchéng” (早发白帝城): “朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还” — “Ekuseni ngishiya iNkosi Emhlophe phakathi kwamafu anemibala, ukuya e-Jiānglíng amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane — ngosuku olulodwa.” Ithiyana lase-Xiāngshān liyinkqubela yalomugqa wamasiko: isiphuzo esizalwe ezintabeni ezifanayo ezakhuthaza izimbongi ezinkulu zaseChina. Inqaba i-Báidìchéng, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwedamu izinga lamanzi laselikhuphukile layiguqula yaba isiqhingi — manje isimi phezu kwesiqhingi phakathi nomfula, okuyinikeza isimo esisha sothando.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo (Botanical) kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / i-cultivar: Okuyinhloko — i-Fúdǐng Dà Háo Chá (福鼎大毫茶) kanye ne-Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶) — okungama-70% ezitshalo. Zombili izinhlobo zama-clone ezivuthwa masinya ezinobuningi be-háo (毫) kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid, ezaqala e-Fújiàn, kodwa sezijwayele kahle isimo sezulu sezintaba zemihosha. Ingakumbi ubuningi be-háo ye-Fúdǐng Dà Háo kuyikhona okudala umbala “oluhlaza osacwebezelayo” weqabunga elomisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho — uhlobo lweqembu lwase-Sìchuān olunamacembe amancane aphakathi (四川中小叶群体种) — amahlathi omdabu endawo, ajwayelene nesimo sezulu esincane esikhethekile se-“AmaSango Emihosha,” kanye ne-Míngshān Zǎo (名山早, Míngshān Zǎo) — uhlobo lwase-Sìchuān oluvuthwa masinya, oluvumela ukuqala ukuvuna izinsuku ezi-5–7 ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng.
Ukuvuna: Kwasentwasahlobo — cishe ngesikhathi se-Qīngmíng (清明, ekuqaleni kuka-April). Izinga — ihlukazi elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kancane (一芽一叶初展). Akuvunyelwe ukuvuna amahlumela ansomi, agulayo, noma alimele.
Izidingo zezinto zokusebenza: Amahlumela athambile, afanayo angenazici.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa

I-Fèngjié isempumalanga ye-Chóngqìng, ngasesangweni lasentshonalanga lomhosha i-Qútángxiá — “uMphimbo woMfula uYangtze.” Isimo sezintaba seMigudwane Yesithathu sidala isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele.

Ukuphakama kokumila: 500–900 m — “ibhande lamafu nenkungu” (云雾带, yúnwù dài). Umgogodla yimithambeka yeNtaba yase-Xiāngshān, ebheke ngase-Yangtze.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical ephakathi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-15.2 °C; umswakama ≥75%; izinsuku ezinokufakwa yinkungu zingama-45–52 ngonyaka; umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa nobusuku ubalulekile — umphumela womhosha ojulile, lapho umoya obandayo ovela emfuleni ukhuphukela emithambekeni ebusuku futhi wehlele phansi emini. Lesi sigqi “sokuphefumula” sikhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid.
Inhlabathi: Ubumba olumnyama olunsomi (暗紫泥土, àn zǐ ní tǔ) kanye nobumba olupholile oluphuzi olunesihlabathi (冷沙黄泥土, lěng shā huáng ní tǔ), i-pH engu-4.0–6.5. Umkhathizwe wenhlabathi ojulile, ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Ubumba olunsomi — kuwuhlobo lwenhlabathi olujwayelekile emgodini we-Sìchuān-Chóngqìng, olucebile nge-potassium kanye nezinto ezincane ezimbalwa.
Indawo ezungezile: Izindawo zokutshala ithiye zilawulwa ngezimiso zemvelo: umquba wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane akuvunyelwe. Ukuba seduze komfula i-Yangtze kuqinisekisa ukuthambama njalo kanye nokunciphisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokweqile. Imithambeka yezintaba ebheke ngase-Yangtze ithola ukukhanya okubonakala emanzini, okwandisa ukukhanya okuphelele ngo-10–15% kuyilapho kugcinwa ingxenye ephezulu yokukhanya okusakazekile. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwedamu leMigudwane Yesithathu (三峡大坝, 2006), izinga lamanzi laphakama, kwaqinisa umswakama kanye nenkungu endaweni yase-Fèngjié — okuyinto, ngokubhekwa ngabalimi bendawo, eyathuthukisa izimo zokutshala ithiye. Ingxenye yezindawo zokutshala ezisezindaweni eziphansi yakhukhula, kodwa izindawo zokutshala eziphakeme (500–900 m) azange zilinyazwe, futhi kunalokho, zazuza ngamafu akhulayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-Xiāngshān Gòngchá buhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingama-28 (非遗28道工序), kuhlanganisa izindlela zomlando ezivuselelwe nezisetshenziswa zikagesi, ezisusa ukunambitheka komsi.

Ukuhlukaniseka (摊放 — tān fàng): Amahora ama-4–8 — okungaphezu kwesilinganiso, ukukhulisa izandulela zephunga.
Ukugcinisa ukuluhlaza (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukuhuqa nge-rola (滚筒杀青) ku-160–180 °C.
Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukusonteka ngesandla (手工滚揉, shǒugōng gǔnróu), ~imizuzu engama-20. Ukwakha izintambo eziqondile, eziminyene.
Ukumisa kokuqala (初烘 — chū hōng): Ku-90–100 °C.
Ukubunjwa ngesandla (整形 — zhěng xíng): “Ukusonteka ngesandla ukwenza intambo” (手工搓条定形, shǒugōng cuō tiáo dìng xíng) — isinyathelo esiyinhloko sokwakha “umugqa oqondile” ojwayelekile (紧秀匀直).
Ukukhetha (拣剔 — jiǎn tī): Ukususa izingxenye ezingajwayelekile.
Ukumisa kokugcina / ukwembula iphunga (足火提香 — zú huǒ tí xiāng): Ukumisa okuyinhloko ku-80–90 °C → “ukubhenyezela komlilo” kokugcina (猛火, měng huǒ) ku-110 °C imizuzwana emi-3. Lokhu “kushaywa” okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu — kuyimfihlo ye-“phunga le-kheshinathi” (栗香). Ukwenza kube ngokuyikho kwesilawuli somlilo kubalulekile: imizuzwana emi-1–2 ngaphezu kwalokho — futhi iphunga lizoguqukela “kwelishile.”
Inothi: Izisetshenziswa zikagesi zithathe indawo yamalahle wezihlahla wendabuko — lokhu kususa ukunambitheka komsi ongcolile, kugcine ubumsulwa benothi “ye-kheshinathi.”

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa (Organoleptic)

Isimo seqabunga elomisiwe: Izintambo eziqondile, eziminyene, ezihlelekile (条索紧秀匀直), ezinezihloko ezibonakalayo (锋苗显露). Umbala — “oluhlaza osacwebezelayo ongaphansi kwe-jade” (银绿隐翠, yín lǜ yǐn cuì).
Iphunga leqabunga elomisiwe: I-Kheshinathi (栗香, lì xiāng) — elivelele, eliphakeme futhi eliqinile. Umphumela ‘womsebenzi womlilo’ ngokunemba esigabeni sokugcina.
Iphunga lokungeniswa (infusion): I-Kheshinathi-luhlaza, elicebile futhi eliqinile. Ngokuphola — amanothi alula “esinkwa.”
Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽) futhi ngasikhathi sinye okumnandi nokumsulwa (回甘, huígān) — ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside emva kokugwinya. Ukuhleleka kokusha kanye ‘nomzimba.’
Umbala wokungeniswa: Oluhlaza okotshani, ocwebile futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈).
Izinsalela zethiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Oluhlaza okuphuzi, okhanyayo futhi olinganayo (黄绿明亮匀整).

7. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamakhemikhali

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Izinga eliphezulu — linikeza ukuvikela okunamandla kuma-antioxidant. Ngokusho komthombo, ukwehlisa amandla kwama-radical akhululekile kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-18 kune-Vitamin E.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): Izinga elihle — linikeza ukusha okuphawulekayo (鲜爽). I-L-theanine iyona ehamba phambili. Umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa aphakathi nobusuku emhosheni ukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid njengezivikelezi zokubandayo.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱): Ephakeme ngokwengeziwe — inikeza umphumela ophawulekayo okhuthazayo, ngokusho komthombo ungaphezu kwama-30% wesilinganiso samanye amathiya aluhlaza.
Ama-Catechin (儿茶素): Kufaka phakathi i-EGCG — okuyinhloko yama-polyphenol, ebangela ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant kanye nokukhuthazwa kokuqedwa kwamafutha emzimbeni.
Amavithamin: IVitamin C, amavithamin eqembu B, IVitamin E.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride; izinsalela zezinto ezincane ezivela kubumba olunsomi.

8. Izinzuzo Ezingaba Khona

Ukuvikela nge-Antioxidant: Ama-Polyphenol + i-Vitamin C — ukucutshungulwa okuhlangene kwama-radical akhululekile.
Umphumela okhuthazayo: I-caffeine ephezulu ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine — ukukhuthala okumnene, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuthukuthela.
Ukusekelwa kokugayeka kokudla: Ama-Catechin akhuthaza ukunyakaza kwesisu namathumbu futhi asheshise ukuhlukaniseka kwamafutha.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza imisebenzi yama-alpha wave ebuchosheni.
Okubalulekile: Izinzuzo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe emininingweni ejwayelekile futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha. Akunconywa ukuphuza ungadlile. Ithiyana elisha kufanele lilindiswe izinsuku eziyi-7–15 ukuze “kukhishwe ukushisa ngokweqile” (火). Ngemva kokuvula, ligcine livalwe ngempahla engangeni moya.

9. Ukuphisa (Ukwenziwa kwethiye)

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo (>90 °C kucekela phansi ukusha futhi kubangele ukubaba).
Inani lethiye: amagremu ama-3 nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
Izitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe yobumba (白瓷盖碗) — ukuhlanganisa iphunga le-kheshinathi. Ingilazi ecwebile — ukubuka “amahlumela amile” (芽叶竖立).
Inqubo (i-gaiwan): Ukuhlambulula imizuzwana emi-5 → ukugqwala kokuqala — imizuzu emi-1–2 → ngakunye okulandelayo + imizuzwana engama-30.
Inqubo (ingilazi ecwebile): Thela amanzi ku-80–85 °C, igxivize imizuzu emi-2. Buka “amahlumela amile” — izintambo eziluhlaza osacwebezelayo ezine-háo emhlophe zicwila kancane ziqonde phansi, kudala umphumela “wehlathi le-jade emanzini ase-crystal.” Kuvumeleke ukuphinda izikhathi ezi-3–5; iphunga le-kheshinathi ligqama kakhulu ekungenisweni kokuqala nokwesibili.

10. Ukulondolozwa

Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (esiqandisini), livalwe ngokuphelele.
Ukukhanya: Ukuhlalwa ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi: Kunconywa ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zokuqala. Ithiyana elisha — lilindiswe izinsuku eziyi-7–15 “醒茶” ukuze kukhishwe “umlilo.”

11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

I-Xiāngshān Gòngchá — ithiyana lemikhakha yentengo ephakathi nendawo nephezulu. Ibanga eliphezulu — kusuka ku-800 yuan/ijin; ibanga lokuqala — 400–700 yuan/ijin; ibanga lesibili — 200–400 yuan/ijin.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:
- Imvelaphi — i-Fèngjié, e-Chóngqìng.
- Iphunga le-kheshinathi (栗香) — isici esiyinkomba ‘sokubhenyezela komlilo’ ku-110 °C. Ukungabi khona kwayo kuwuphawu lokushintshwa.
- Isimo — izintambo eziqondile, ezihlelekile “ezinezihloko ezibonakalayo” (锋苗显露). Ezisontekile noma ezingenasimo — akuyona i-Xiāngshān.
- Umbala — “oluhlaza osacwebezelayo ongaphansi kwe-jade” (银绿隐翠). Ogqwalileyo noma ophuzi — ukuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ithiyana emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan: Umhosha wamatshe i-Qútángxiá (瞿塘峡) — “uMphimbo woMfula uYangtze,” okhonjiswa ngemuva emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan, — kumakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ezindaweni zokutshala ithiye lase-Xiāngshān. Ithiyana likhula “emalini yephepha” ngokoqobo.
U-Dù Fǔ nethiye: Imbongi enkulu yahlala e-Kuízhōu iminyaka emibili (766–768), yabhala izimbongo ezingaphezu kwe-400. Kwezinye zazo kukhulunywa ngethiye lendawo nosawoti — imikhiqizo emibili ebibalulekile yase-Kuízhōu. Ngaleyo ndlela, i-Xiāngshān Gòngchá — ingelinye lamathiyana ambalwa anomlando “wozalo” lwezimbongo olusuka koyimbongi enkulu kunazo zonke yaseChina.
INkosi Emhlophe nethiye: I-Báidìchéng (白帝城) — inqaba lapho ngo-223 u-Liú Bèi owayegulela ukufa adlulisela khona indlalifa yakhe enakekelweni luka-Zhūgě Liàng. Lesi sigcawu — ngesinye sezigcawu ezaziwa kakhulu emasikweni amaShayina. Izindawo zokutshala ithiye lase-Xiāngshān zisemithambekeni efanayo nenqaba — ithiyana elinombono womlando.
Izinyathelo ezingama-28: Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-Xiāngshān Gòngchá buhlanganisa izinyathelo ezingama-28 zokukhiqiza ezilandelanayo — okungenye yezinhlelo “zokudla” ezinde kunawo wonke emathiyeni aluhlaza. Uma kuqhathaniswa: ithiyana eliluhlaza elijwayelekile lenza izinyathelo ezi-5–8.
‘Ukubhenyezela komlilo’ — imizuzwana emi-3 ngo-110 °C: Elokugcina “猛火” (ménghuǒ, “umlilo ovuthayo”) lithatha imizuzwana emi-3 ncamashi futhi lakha “iphunga le-kheshinathi.” Umzuzwana noma emibili eyeqile — futhi iphunga lishintsha libe “lishile.” Lena ngenye yezindlela zomlilo ezihamba phambili ngokunemba ezweni lezandla zamathiyana aseChina.
Idamu leMigudwane Yesithathu nethiye: Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwesikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi i-“Migudwane Yesithathu” (三峡大坝, 2006), izinga lamanzi endaweni yase-Fèngjié lakhuphuka ngamamitha amaningi. Ukwanda kobubanzi bamanzi kwaqinisa ukuhwamuka kanye nokufakwa yinkungu — okuyinto, ngokubonwa, eyathuthukisa isimo sezulu esincane sezindawo zokutshala ithiye eziphakeme ngama-500–900 m.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amathiyana aluhlaza ase-Chóngqìng nase-Sìchuān

Yǒngchuān Xiùyá (永川秀芽, Yǒngchuān Xiùyá): I-Chóngqìng. Isimo esiyisicaba nesisontekile, iphrofayela ye-kheshinathi-luhlaza. “I-thandwa kakhulu” futhi ifinyeleleka kalula. I-Xiāngshān — inomlando ojulile (Táng uma uqhathanisa nekhulu lama-20) kanye nesimo esithe uqonde ngokweqile (紧秀匀直).
Méngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): I-Sìchuān. Elinye lamathiyana amadala kakhulu eChina (“inombolo yokuqala” yesikhathi sikaTáng, ngokusho kukaLǐ Zhào: “蒙顶石花，号为第一”). Isimo — umoya osontekile; iphunga — “umbethe omnandi” (甘露), onezimbali ezigqamile. I-Xiāngshān — izintambo eziqondile, iphrofayela ye-kheshinathi evela “ekubhenyezeleni komlilo.” Zombili zingamagōngchá asesikhathini sikaTáng avela esifundeni esisodwa (Sìchuān-Chóngqìng), kodwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zesimo sezulu: i-Méngdǐng — ngaphezu kuka-1000 m, i-subtropical enomswakama; i-Xiāngshān — 500–900 m, isimo sezulu esincane sasemhosheni. I-Méngdǐng — yaziwa kakhulu; i-Xiāngshān — iyingqayizivele, kodwa inendawo ekhethekile yomhosha.
Zhúyèqīng (竹叶青, Zhúyèqīng): I-Sìchuān, Éméi Shān. Isicaba, sihuqiwe. Iphrofayela emnene, “eluhlaza yoqalo”. I-Xiāngshān — “iminyene” futhi “ine-kheshinathi” ngaphezulu ngenxa “yokubhenyezela komlilo.”

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiāngshān Gòngchá — ithiyana elivela “Emasangweni eMigudwane Yesithathu”: izindawo zalo zokutshala zibheke emaweni ase-Qútángxiá, akhonjiswe emalini yephepha eyi-10 yuan, umlando walo uqala ngegōngchá yesikhathi sikaTáng okuthiwa “iMvula EnePhunga Elimnandi yaseKuízhōu,” kanti omakhelwane bayo — inqaba yeNkosi Emhlophe, lapho u-Liú Bèi adlulisela khona indlalifa yakhe, kanye nogu lapho u-Dù Fǔ wabhala khona izimbongo ezingama-400. Selahlekile ezimpini zekhulu lama-20 futhi savuselelwa ngo-1991, i-Xiāngshān ubuye nobuchwepheshe obunezinyathelo ezingama-28 kanye ‘nokubhenyezela komlilo’ — ukushaywa ngamandla imizuzwana emithathu ku-110 °C, okuguqula ithiyana eliluhlaza elijwayelekile libe isigqi se-kheshinathi. Phisa emanzini anezinga lokushisa lika-85 °C e-gaiwan emhlophe — futhi uvumele iphunga leNtaba EnePhunga Elimnandi likutshele ngezimbongi, amakhosi, kanye nomfula omkhulu ogeleza emazansi kwezindawo zokutshala ithiye kakade amakhulu amathathu eminyaka.