Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá

Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá (五指山红茶, Wǔzhǐshān hóngchá) yiwona kuphela itiye elibomvu le-tropical high-mountain eChina, ekhiqizwa esiqhingini saseHainan kusetshenziswa i-cultivar yendawo enamaqabunga amakhulu i-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng. Isibonakaliso sayo esihlukile yilesi — «hǔpò tāng, nǎi mì xiāng» (琥珀汤、奶蜜香, «umhluzi we-amber, iphunga lobisi nobusi»), ifomula esibe yisiqubulo somkhiqizo esisemthethweni. Umkhiqizo uvikelwe yisikhombisi sezwe saseChina kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2015 futhi uyingxenye yohlu lwamagama avikelwe e-China-EU.

1. I-Classification kanye neMvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseChina (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidation ephelele. Iyingxenye yetiye elibomvu elinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶种红茶, dàyèzhǒng hóngchá).
• Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseHainan; likhiqizwa ngezinhlobo eziningana zentengiso: i-gongfu hóngchá (工夫红茶), i-hóng suìchá yendabuko (红碎茶, itiye elibomvu eliphukile) kanye ne-CTC.
• Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseHainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), idolobha laseWuzhishan (五指山市, Wǔzhǐshān Shì). Izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza: iShuiman Township (水满乡, Shuǐmǎn Xiāng), iMaoyang (毛阳镇), iNansheng (南圣镇), iFanyang (番阳镇) nezinye. Kukhuliswa nasezintabeni zaseJianfengling (尖峰岭) eningizimu yesiqhingi.
• Izixhumanisi zezwe: 18°38′–19°02′ N, 109°19′–109°44′ E (imingcele yendawo evikelwe ngokwesitifiketi AGI2015-03-1770).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Ukulinywa kwetiye endaweni yaseWuzhishan kunomlando wamakhulu eminyaka. Abantu bama-Lí (黎族, Lízú) nama-Miáo (苗族, Miáozú), izakhamuzi zendabuko zesiqhingi, kusukela kudala babebuthela amaqabunga etiye asendle ukuze belaphe umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane omkhulu nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla. Encwadini ethi «Qióngtái zhì» (《琼台志》, «Incazelo yeQiongtai», 1512, ngesikhathi se-Ming, phakathi nokubusa kweZhengde) kuqoshwe ukukhiqizwa kwetiye ezintabeni zaseWǔzhǐ Shān: «phakathi kwawodwa kakhulu itiye elakhiqizwa eShuǐmǎn eWǔzhǐ Shān, izihlahla zalo ezinkulu njengokugoqa kwengalo, ukunambitheka kwalo kumsulwa futhi kuyamangalisa». Ngesikhathi se-Qing, itiye laseShuǐmǎn (水满茶, Shuǐmǎn Chá) lafakwa ohlwini «lweminikelo yemingcele yaseningizimu» (南荒贡品) futhi lathunyelwa enkantolo. Umlando wesimanje wetiye elibomvu lezimboni uqala ngo-1959, lapho ngokugqugquzelwa wumnyango wezohwebo lwangaphandle wesifundazwe saseGuangdong kwakhiwa eHainan isizinda sokuthumela ngaphandle itiye elibomvu. Umbiko othi «Hǎinán dǎo cháyè kānchá bàogào» (《海南岛茶叶勘察报告》, 1959) waphawula ukuthi i-cultivar yendawo enamaqabunga amakhulu ikhiqiza itiye elibomvu elingaqhathaniswa nekhwalithi nezibonelo zaseNdiya naseSri Lanka. Ngo-1965 indawo yezingadi ezintsha zetiye esiqhingini yafinyelela ku-1 500 mu, umkhiqizo wonyaka waba ngamathani angu-350 etiye elomile. Inani eliphezulu lokuthuthuka lafika ngo-1988–1993, lapho ngemva kokwakhiwa kwesifundazwe saseHainan uhulumeni watshala imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 zama-yuan embonini yetiye; ngo-1993 esiqhingini kwakusebenza amapulazi etiye angaphezu kwama-50, indawo yezingadi yayingama-120 000 mu, umkhiqizo wonyaka wawungamathani angu-8 000. Kuyilesi sikhathi lapho itiye elibomvu laseHainan lathunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«Yuǎnháng» (远航, «Uhambo Olude»), igama elamukelwa mathupha nguNdunankulu uZhōu Ēnlái (周恩来). Ngemva kokuwohloka kweminyaka yawo-1990 ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-2000: ngo-2015 uMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC wabela «Wǔzhǐshān hóngchá» isimo somkhiqizo onesikhombisi sendawo (农产品地理标志). Ngo-2017 itiye lethulwa embukisweni we-Boao Forum for Asia. Ngo-2019 ngokubamba iqhaza kuka-Academician Chén Zōngmào (陈宗懋) kwasungulwa i-Wuzhishan Large-Leaf Tea Research Institute, kanye nokusebenza kwesiteshi semfundo. Ngo-2020 i-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá yangena ephaketheni lesibili lohlu lokuvikelana kwezikhombisi zendawo phakathi kweChina ne-EU.
• Igama: «Wǔzhǐshān» (五指山) — «Intaba Yeminwe Emihlanu», isiqongo esiphakeme saseHainan (amitha angu-1 867), saqanjwa ngegama lesimo sawo esihlukile esivela eziqongweni ezinhlanu. Kubantu bama-Lí lena intaba engcwele, isikhungo sendawo yonke. «Hóng chá» (红茶) — itiye elibomvu. Itiye lendawo laziwa nangegama elingokomlando elithi «Shuǐmǎn Chá» (水满茶): «shuǐmǎn» olimini lwama-Lí lusho «okudala, okuphakeme kakhulu».
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá ingesinye sezimpawu zaseHainan futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lendawo lokwamukela izivakashi. Isiko le-«Lǎobà Chá» (老爸茶, «itiye likababa») — ukuphuza itiye elibomvu ngokunganaki, ngokuvamile kufakwa ubisi olujiyile noma ilamula — kuyisibonakaliso sempilo yansuku zonke yetiye esiqhingini. Itiye selibe yithuluzi lokuvuselela umnotho wezigodi zezintaba zabantu bama-Lí nama-Miáo: izinhlelo ze-«inkampani + inhlangano yokusebenzisana + umnotho wabalimi» zenze ukulinywa kwetiye kwaba umthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo ezinkulungwaneni zemindeni eShuǐmǎn nasezigodini ezingomakhelwane.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Umhlobo / Cultivar: i-cultivar eyinhloko i-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng (海南大叶种, iHainan Large-Leaf), eyaziwa nangokuthi «Huá Chá 16» (华茶16号, GSCT16), yamukelwa njengomhlobo wezinga likazwelonke wesigaba sokuqala ngo-1984. Iyingxenye ye-Camellia sinensis var. assamica, enamacembe amakhulu, eyisihlahla noma eyisihlahla kancane. Ibonakala ngeqabunga elijiyile elinamanzi, amahlumela amakhulu, ukuhlala kahle kokuncipha kanye nokuqukethwe okuningi kwama-polyphenol nama-amino acid. Izihlahla zasendle ezintabeni zaseWǔzhǐ Shān zifinyelela ubude obungamitha angu-10 nangaphezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-ecotype: yasendle (野生型), etshalwayo (栽培型) kanye ne-«yekhululiwe» (野放型, yěfàng xíng) — izihlahla eziyizigwaca ezazitshalwe emasimini. Kusetshenziswa nemihlobo eyethulwe evela eYunnan (imigqa yamaqabunga amakhulu e-assamica).
• Ukuvuna: ngenxa yesimo sezulu se-tropiki izihlahla zetiye zikhula cishe unyaka wonke; ukuvunwa kwenziwa kuze kube imijikelezo engu-9 ngonyaka ezinyangeni eziyi-11. Ukuvunwa kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ekupheleni kukaJanuwari — Februwari) kukhiqiza umkhiqizo othi «Zhōngguó dì yī zǎochūn chá» (中国第一早春茶, «Itiye Lokuqala Lentwasahlobo LaseChina»). Amanye amaqoqo asentwasahlobo nasekwindla abaluleke kakhulu kunalawo asehlobo.
• Isilinganiso sokuvuna: Ihlumela elingu-1 namaqabunga angu-1–2 le-gongfu hóngchá; kwe-CTC neyetiyeni eliphukile kuvunyelwe iqabunga elivuthiwe kakhulu.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: iqabunga elisha, eliphelele elingenakho ukulimala kwemishini; ukucutshungulwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha ngemva kokuvunwa ngenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu wama-enzyme esimeni sezulu se-tropiki.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• Umhlaba ne-ecosystem: I-Wǔzhǐshān iyingqikithi yesifunda se-ecology semaphakathi neHainan, okuyingxenye ye-National Park of Tropical Rainforests. Ukuhlala kusemahlathini kudlula ama-80%, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3 800. Indawo iyisigodi samanzi esibaluleke kakhulu esiqhingini.
• Ubude bokutshala: amasimu amakhulu etiye akhiwe emazingeni aphakeme angu-300–800 m; izihlahla zasendle zitholakala kuze kufike ku-1 200 m. Ubude obumaphakathi besifunda setiye saseShuǐmǎn bungaba amitha angu-600.
• Isimo sezulu: i-tropical oceanic monsoon enezici zamahlathi emvula asezintabeni. Isici esibalulekile i-latitude ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-19° N) ehlanganiswe nobude, okudala inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele: usuku olude lokukhanya, ubusika obuncane obungenayo iqhwa, izimvula eziningi (ngaphezu kwama-2 500 mm/ngonyaka) kanye nomoya omanzi omningi. Izinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu zingaphezu kuka-200 ngonyaka. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi lingu-22,4 °C; umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lasemini nasebusuku unomthelela ekuqoqweni kwezinto ezinephunga lama-amino acid. Isifunda asihlaselwa yiziphepho ngenxa yezintaba ezisizungezile.
• Inhlabathi: umhlabathi obomvu oyisitina we-laterite (砖红壤, zhuānhóng rǎng) — ojulile, oxekethile, ocebile ngomsweli ne-aluminium, owenziwe wumoya onamandla wamakhemikhali ne-biological weathering ngaphansi kwezimo ze-tropiki. I-pH 4,5–6,5. Okuphakeme kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yamahlamvu awela phansi amaningi ehlathini.
• Ukuqukethwe kwama-ion angemuhle: umoya emasimini etiye asezintabeni uqukethe kufikela ku-120 000 ama-ion angemuhle ngokwe-cubic centimeter ngayinye — inkomba yezinga lesi-6 nangaphezulu, ekhombisa ubumsulwa obukhethekile bomkhathi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ixhaxha lobuchwepheshe elijwayelekile lihlanganisa izigaba eziyishumi — kusukela ekuvunweni kuye ekupakisheni. Kwe-gongfu hóngchá ne-CTC izikimu ziyahluka esigabeni sokugoqa.

• Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): ukuvunwa ngesandla kwesilinganiso esingu «ihlumela elingu-1 namaqabunga angu-1–2».
• Ukubhazisa (萎凋, wěidiāo): kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe «bokubhazisa ngokukhanya okuthambile» (柔光萎凋, róuguāng wěidiāo), lapho iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama kancane futhi ngokulinganayo. Iqabunga liba lithambile, iphunga lezimbali elincane liyavela.
• Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): ukuqhekeza izindonga zamaseli ukuze kukhishwe ujusi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamacembe amakhulu ze-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng ezine-cuticle encane nesakhiwo samaseli esithambile kukwenza kube lula ukugoqa, okuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwejusi okwanele kanye ne-fermentation elinganayo.
• I-oxidation / fermentation (发酵, fājiào): isigaba esibalulekile sokwakha umbala, iphunga nokunambitheka. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (L-EGCG) namanye ama-ester catechin ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezinamacembe amakhulu kuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuqinile kwama-theaflavin ne-thearubigin, okwenza isici esihlukile somhluzi «we-amber».
• Ukomiswa kwasekuqaleni — máohuǒ (毛火, máohuǒ): ukomiswa ngokushesha ngomoya oshisayo ukumisa i-fermentation.
• Ukupholisa / ukuhlukanisa (摊凉, tānliáng): ukulinganisa umswakama weqabunga.
• Ukomiswa kwesibili — èr hōng (二烘, èr hōng): ukwehlisa umswakama kufinyelele ezingeni eliphakathi nendawo.
• Ukupholisa (摊凉).
• Ukomiswa kokugcina — zúhuǒ (足火, zúhuǒ): ukwehlisa umswakama kufinyelele ≤7%, ukuqinisekisa iphunga.
• Ukuhluzwa nokupakisha (筛分, shāifēn; 装箱, zhuāngxiāng): ukuhlukanisa ngokwezingxenye, ukwakha amaqoqo okuthengisa.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: ukugoqeka okuqinile, amagciwane amakhulu futhi anwebekayo (条索紧结肥硕, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié féishuò); umbala ubhulawu-macashata nokucwebezela okunamafutha (棕褐油润, zōnghè yóurùn). Izipikili eziwugolide ziyabonakala.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: iphunga elimile lobisi nobusi (奶蜜香, nǎi mì xiāng) — isibonakaliso se-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá. Kungezwe iphunga le-chestnut ebhakwe kanye nesisekelo esincane sezimbali.
• Iphunga lomhluzi: lijulile, liyagubungela, libusa ubisi lobusi kanye nophudingi ofudumele; uma kuphola i-nuance yesithelo esomile iyavela.
• Ukunambitheka: kumnandi, kugcwele futhi «kuyashelela» (甜醇爽滑, tiánchún shuǎnghuá); umzimba umnikezayo, uyindilinga, unokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside kobusi nokubuya okwaziwayo kobumnandi (回甘). Ubukrakra buncane, ukunambitheka kuthambe futhi «kunjengamavelvet».
• Umbala womhluzi: ubomvu-amber (红琥珀色, hóng hǔpò sè), okhanyayo futhi osobala — umfanekiso «wo umhluzi we-amber» uyingxenye yencazelo esemthethweni yomkhiqizo.
• Ingaphansi leqabunga (iqabunga eligxishiwe): likhulu, limanzi, lithambile, libomvu ngokuqhakazile (肥软红亮, féi ruǎn hóngliàng), linamahlumela aphelele ahluke kahle.

7. Ukuqukethwa Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenol: ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol etiye ≥10% (ngokomgangatho we-GI); ngenxa yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamacembe amakhulu ukuqukethwe kwama-ester catechin (L-EGCG, L-ECG, L-EGC) kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwamacembe amancane, okuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuqinile kwama-theaflavin (≥0,1%) nama-thearubigin (≥2,5%).
• Ama-amino acid: ukuqukethwe kwama-amino acid akhululekile >1,5%; i-L-theanine iyi-amino acid ebusayo, enikeza ukuthamba kokunambitheka kanye nesenzo «sobisi».
• Ama-alkaloid: i-caffeine ≥2% yesisindo esomile; i-theobromine ne-theophylline zikhona kodwa esikalini esincane.
• Isikali samanzi: ≥34,0% — inkomba yokunambitheka okunomfutho ophezulu nokuqukethwe okucebile kwezakhi zangaphakathi.
• Ukuqukethwe komthotha: ≤7,0%, okukhombisa ubumsulwa bezinto ezingavuthiwe.
• Amaminerali nama-microelement: i-cobalt, i-molybdenum, i-zinc, i-selenium — ukuceba okubalulekile kwezinto ezincane, okuhlobene nokufakwa kwamaminerali enhlabathini ye-volcanic ye-tropiki.
• Amavithamini: amavithamini eqembu B, ivithamini C (lihlala lingekho ngisho nangemva kokuphelela kwe-fermentation).
• Isici sokuma: isilinganiso sama-polyphenol kuma-amino acid ku-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng siseduze nokuhlehlile, okuqinisekisa ukulingana phakathi kokugcwala komzimba nokuthamba kwencasa — ikhwalithi eyivelakancane kumatiye abomvu amahlamvu amakhulu.

8. Izinzuzo Ezifanele:

• Umthelela omnene wokukhuthaza: i-caffeine ihambisana ne-theanine inikeza ukugqama okulinganayo nokuhlala isikhathi ngaphandle kokuhlehla kwe-«caffeine swings».
• Ukuvikela i-antioxidant: ama-theaflavin ne-thearubigin anciphisa kahle ama-free radical; izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamacembe amakhulu zinikeza ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-antioxidant ngokuqhathaniswa nezibonelo ezinamacembe amancane.
• Ukuxhasa ukugaya: imikhiqizo ye-oxidation yama-polyphenol ikhuthaza kancane i-peristalsis nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; ngokwesiko itiye lama-Lí nama-Miáo lalisetshenziselwa ukwelaphe izinkinga zamathumbu.
• Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo: ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwetiye elibomvu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwephrofayela ye-lipid egazini nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
• Umthelela wokuguqula amasosha omzimba: ama-polyphenol etiye anomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane namagciwane; abantu bama-Lí ngokomlando babesebenzisa itiye lasendle ukuvikela izifo zomkhuhlane.
• Umthelela wokufudumeza kanye no-«wokunganaki esiswini»: itiye elibomvu ku- dietary system yaseChina lithathwa njengomkhiqizo «ofudumele»; lutuswa kubantu abanesisu esizwelayo.
• Ukucebisa ngezinto ezincane: ukuqukethwe kwemvelo kwe-cobalt, i-molybdenum ne-selenium enhlabathini yaseWǔzhǐ Shān kudlulela eqabungeni letiye, kusiza ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwezinto ezincane.

9. Ukufakwa Emgwaqweni:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C kwe-gongfu hóngchá ejwayelekile; 85–90 °C kumaqoqo abalulekile wamathipusi.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-5–6 ngama-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gongfu); amagremu angu-3 ngama-200–250 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
• Izitsha: i-gàiwan (盖碗) ye-porcelain engu-100–120 ml — ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ukuhlola iphunga; i-kettle yengilazi ikuvumela ukuthi ubukeke umbala womhluzi. Kumaqoqo aqinile i-kettle yobumba eyamukelekile.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
  2. Thela itiye uphinde uphefumule iphunga leqabunga elomile elifudumele.
  3. Ukugeza (uma kungenxa yokwakho): thela ngokushesha amanzi cishe imizuzwana engu-2–3; khipha.
  4. Ukucwiliswa kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-8–10.
  5. Ukucwiliswa okulandelayo: yengeza imizuzwana engu-5 ngalinye ukucwiliswa.
  6. Inani lokucwiliswa: 6–8 emaqoqweni ekhwalithi ephezulu; izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamahlamvu amakhulu zisekela ukuphinda ukufakwa emanzini.
• Indlela yaseHainan eye-«Lǎobà Chá»: ukufaka itiye elibomvu eliqinile, ukufaka isipuni sobisi olujiyile noma ucezu lwalamula, ukunikeza ngezipuni ezilula — isitayela sendabuko sokuphuza itiye kwansuku zonke esiqhingini.

10. Ukugcina:

Isitsha esivalekile, esingangenwa ukukhanya; izinga lokushisa 10–25 °C; gwema umswakama namaphunga angaziwa. I-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá evela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezinamahlamvu amakhulu igcina kahle izakhiwo zayo izinyanga ezingu-18–24. Amanye amaqoqo aqinile anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamathipusi athuthuka lapho egcinwa iminyaka engu-2–3 — amanothi obusi ayajula, umzimba uba yindilinga. Ngaphansi kwezimo zetropiki zaseHainan kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukupakisha nge-vacuum noma amaphakethe anomuncu womswakama.

11. Intengo kanye Nezinganekwane:

Isigaba sentengo: kusukela emaphakathi kuye phezulu emaphakathi. Amaqoqo ayisisekelo abiza kusukela ku-80–150 yuan nge-100 g; amaqoqo angaphezulu ezinto eziphilayo eziyingxenye yasendle abiza kusukela ku-300–600 yuan nangaphezulu. Izinto ezibeka intengo: uhlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe (ezasendle zibiza kakhulu kunezitshalwe), inkathi yokuvuna (eyasentwasahlobo yokuqala yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu), ingxenye yamathipusi, indlela yokucutshungulwa (i-gongfu ibiza ukwedlula i-CTC) kanye nomkhiqizo.

• Indlela yokugwema izinganekwane:
  1. Hlola ukumakwa kwezikhombisi zendawo (农产品地理标志) — umkhiqizo kufanele ukhiqizwe emingceleni yaseWǔzhǐ Shān.
  2. Hlaziya iphunga: i-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá yasikhona inephunga elihlukile lobisi nobusi; ukungabibikho kwaleli nathi yisizathu esikhulu sokungabaza.
  3. Lawula umbala womhluzi: “i-amber” yangempela (琥珀色) isici esibalulekile; umhluzi omnyama kakhulu noma onodaka ukhomba ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe.
  4. Nazani ukunambitheka: ubumnandi obushelelayo obungokwemvelo ngaphandle kobukrakra obudaluliwe noma ubuhlungu.
  5. Xwayani ngokushintshwa: ngenxa yokwanda kokwaziwa komkhiqizo emakethe kuvela izinto ezingavuthiwe zaseHainan ezivela kwezinye izindawo, eziphakanyiswa njengezi-Wǔzhǐshān.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá iyitiye elibomvu elisenkabeni yeningizimu kakhulu laseChina kanye newodwa itiye elibomvu elikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwe-20th parallel latitude. Ngokwe-latitude ephansi ayinakho ukufaniswa namanye amatiye aseChina.
• I-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng ingomunye wemihlobo yezihlahla zetiye eyingqophamlando engu-30 kazwelonke, eyamukelwa ngo-1984 (inombolo ethi «Huá Chá 16», GSCT16). Ngokwemiphumela yophenyo lwango-1988–1989, izihlahla zetiye zasendle zatholwa emigqeni emithathu yezintaba zaseHainan — i-Wǔzhǐ Shān, i-Límǔ Shān ne-Yǎjiādá Lǐng, futhi isifunda saseWǔzhǐ Shān samukelwa njengesizinda sendabuko nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwalolu hlobo.
• Umkhiqizo othi «Yuǎnháng» (远航, «Uhambo Olude»), lapho itiye elibomvu laseHainan lathunyelwa ngaphandle ngeminyaka yawo-1960–1980, laqanjwa mathupha nguNdunankulu uZhōu Ēnlái futhi ngaleso sikhathi lalithathwa njengomunye wemikhiqizo yomhlaba yetiye elibomvu.
• Ngo-2017 i-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá yaba itiye elisemthethweni lababekhona embukisweni we-Boao Forum for Asia — umcimbi omkhulu wamazwe amaningi eHainan.
• U-Academician Chén Zōngmào, igunya elikhulu kakhulu kwezesayensi yetiye yaseChina, wabiza i-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng ngokuthi «izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinhle kakhulu zetiye elibomvu» futhi waphawula ukuthi «i-Wǔzhǐshān hóngchá ingahlala ‘ibomvu’ isikhathi eside».
• Isifunda setiye saseShuǐmǎn siyindawo yokuhlala yabantu bama-Lí, okwabo intaba i-Wǔzhǐ Shān iyisikhungo esingcwele sendawo yonke. Amasimu amaningi etiye akhiwe endaweni yamahlathi angaphambili emicikilisho, okuyinto enikeza ukulinywa kwetiye lendawo umongo okhethekile wamasiko.
• Ngaphandle kwe-gongfu hóngchá ejwayelekile, eHainan kukhiqizwa isihlanganisi esiyingqayizivele i-Xiānglán hóng chá (香兰红茶) — itiye elibomvu elinezingxenye ze-vanilla yesiqhingi saseHainan (香荚兰, Vanilla planifolia), okunikeza isiphuzo ikhawundi elincane le-vanilla noshizi othambile.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu:

• I-Diān Hóng (滇红, Diān Hóng) — itiye elibomvu laseYunnan, nalo likhiqizwa ngama-cultivar e-assamica anamahlamvu amakhulu. I-Diān Hóng ivamise ukuba nephrofayela elinoshukela, elinomkhutha we-pepper noju kanye nosindayo «we-malt». I-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá ilulula, ubumnandi bayo bucwengile, nekhono layo elihlukile lobisi nobusi alinakho ukufaniswa ne-Diān Hóng.
• I-Yīng Hóng (英红, Yīng Hóng) — itiye elibomvu laseGuangdong eline-cultivar enamaqabunga amakhulu i-Yīnghóng Jiǔhào. Womabili amatiye anamahlamvu amakhulu aseningizimu ye-China, kodwa i-Yīng Hóng igcwele futhi «injengoshokoledi», ngenkathi i-Wǔzhǐshān ithambe, igxile ekunambithekeni okushelelayo nakububomvu be-amber yomhluzi.
• Itiye elibomvu laseSri Lanka lamasimu aphezulu ezintabeni — isibonelo sangaphandle esiseduze kakhulu ngokwenhlanganisela ye-«tropiki + ubude». Zombili zinamakha agqamile nobumnandi obudaluliwe, kodwa amatiye aseSri Lanka avamise ukuba nokubaba okuningi futhi «anjengamalungu», ngenkathi i-Wǔzhǐshān — ithambe kakhulu, «injengobisi» futhi «injengamavelvet».
• Itiye elibomvu lase-Assam (iNdiya) — lihlobene ngokwezitshalo (var. assamica). I-Assam ihluke ngamandla, umoya «we-malt», owasekuseni; i-Wǔzhǐshān — ilula kakhulu futhi imnandi, ngaphandle kocwaningo olunamandla.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá — itiye elinesimo sezwe esihlukile ngokweqile: i-latitude ye-tropiki, ubude bezintaba kanye ne-cultivar enamaqabunga amakhulu yendawo zakha umkhiqizo ongenakho ukufaniswa okuqondile emhlabeni wonke wamatiye. «Umhluzi wayo we-amber nephunga lobisi nobusi» akusilo ihaba lezokukhangisa, kodwa isici esinjengezinzwa esisemthethweni, esakhiwa inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-terroir kanye ne-botanical. Leli tiye liyofaneleka kokubili umthandi ofuna ulwazi olungaziwa ngale kwamanye amatiye abomvu avamekile eYunnan naseFujian, kanye nomfundi waseSandlwane ozohehiswa ubumnandi balo obunoshukela nokungabibikho kwakho konke ukudideka.

the teas described here are available from teamotea