---
title: "Ziyang Mao Jian"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/ziyang-mao-jian
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Ziyang Mao Jian (紫阳毛尖, Zǐyáng máo jiān)

I-Ziyang Mao Jian itiye eliluhlaza elinomlando ovela esifundeni saseZiyang, esifundazweni saseShaanxi, endaweni esemgwaqeni osenyakatho wezintaba zeDaba, phezulu emfuleni iHan. Isici esiyingqayizivele sayo le tiye wukuceba kwayo nge-selenium ngokwemvelo: iZiyang ingesinye sezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ezinothile nge-selenium eChina, futhi ngo-1989 itiye laseZiyang laba itiye lokuqala emhlabeni elaziwayo ngokunotha nge-selenium ngokwemvelo, elathola isiqinisekiso ngemva kocwaningo lwesayensi. Iphunga elimnandi le-chestnut, ukunambitheka okusha nokumnandi okuhlala emlonyeni kanye noboya obuningi obusiliva yizimpawu ezibonakalayo zaleli tiye; ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaQing laliphakathi kwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseChina.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwa. Uhlobo oluncane — itiye eliluhlaza elibunjiwe ngokubilisa nokumisa (条形烘青绿茶, tiáoxíng hōngqīng lǜchá), elihlanganisa ukubilisa (炒) nokomisa (烘).
* **Isigaba:** Amatiye anomlando adumile aseChina. Umkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kwezindawo zokwaziswa (国家原产地保护, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21; 国家地理标志产品; 中国驰名商标). Isifunda saseZiyang sinesihloko esisemthethweni esithi "Ikhaya Lamatiye Adumile AseChina" (中国名茶之乡).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseShaanxi (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), idolobha lase-Ankang (安康市, Ānkāng Shì), isifunda saseZiyang (紫阳县, Zǐyáng Xiàn). Lesi sifunda sisemgwaqeni osenyakatho wezintaba zeDaba (大巴山, Dàbā Shān), ngasemfuleni uHan (汉江, Hànjiāng), lapho kuhlangana khona imifula i-Huanghe ne-Yangtze — okungenye yezindawo eziseningizimu impela ezitshalwa kuzo itiye eChina.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** cishe 32°32′ N, 108°32′ E (isikhungo sesifunda saseZiyang).

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Isiko letiye laseZiyang lihlehlela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu — enkathini yombuso wasendulo wase-Ba (巴国, Bāguó), lapho itiye lasendle lase likhula khona endaweni yanamuhla eseningizimu ye-Shaanxi. Ngesikhathi soBukhosi basempumalanga bakwaHan (25–220 AD), ubuBuddha bangena endaweni yaseZiyang, futhi isiko lokuphuza itiye emagumeni labe yisisusa sentuthuko yokukhiqiza itiye: izindela zazingavunyelwe ukuphuza iwayini, ngakho-ke itiye laba uphuzo oluphambili lokuhlala ziphapheme ngesikhathi somcabango. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaTang (618–907), itiye lalesi sifunda laba yimpahla yomthetho (土贡, tǔgòng) yesifunda saseJinzhou (金州, Jīnzhōu — igama lasendulo lase-Ankang), elethwa enkantolo. Ngesikhathi samaSong nama-Ming, itiye laseZiyang laba ngomunye wemikhiqizo emqoka womgomo "wokushintshanisa itiye ngamahhashi" (茶马法, chámǎ fǎ), okwaholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu komkhiqizo: imibhalo ilichaza ngokuthi "babulala ubusuku nemini benza itiye bengaphumuli" (昼夜制茶不休). Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaQing, iZiyang Mao Jian yaba phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi adumile aseChina futhi yahlonishwa ngesitanza: "Kusukela endulo emagqumeni aseningizimu intwasahlobo ifika kuqala — ngeQingmin sekuphekwe itiye laseZiyang" (自昔岭南春独早, 清明已煮紫阳茶). Ngemuva kokumiswa kwePeople's Republic of China ngo-1949, kwaqala umsebenzi ohleliwe wokuthuthukisa izinga letiye. Ngo-1965, uhlobo lwamaqembu lwaseZiyang (紫阳种) lwamukelwa njengolunye lwezinhlobo ezingama-21 zokuqala ezanconywa kuzwelonke zezihlahla zetiye. Ngomhla ziyi-6 kuSepthemba 1989 eBeijing, kwenziwa ucwaningo lwesayensi oluyingqophamlando — itiye laseZiyang elecebe nge-selenium laba itiye lokuqala emhlabeni elaziwayo ngokunotha nge-selenium ngokwemvelo, elathola ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwesayensi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, itiye lathola ukuvikelwa kombuso ngokwendawo yalo yemvelaphi.
* **Igama:** 紫阳 (Zǐyáng) — "uZiyang", igama lesifunda, okuyigama elivela egameni lobuTao elithi "Ziyang Zhenren" (紫阳真人) — umsunguli wesikole saseNingizimu sobuTao uZhang Boduan, owasebenza kule ndawo; ngokwezwi nezwi — "ukukhanya okunsomi" (紫气东来, 阳光普照). [毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian) (Máo Jiān) — "amathiphu anoboya" — igama elijwayelekile lamatiye enziwe ngezimbaza ezithambile ezinoboya obuningi (白毫, báiháo).
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Ziyang Mao Jian iwuphawu lwesiko letiye laseNingizimu yeShaanxi futhi "impande nomphefumulo" wetiye laseShaanxi (陕西茶叶的根和魂). Itiye lalibambe iqhaza elisemqoka njengexhumanisa phakathi kwabantu bakwaHan kanye nezizwe ezizulazulayo zasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ngokuhweba nge "tiye namahhashi". Isazi sezondlo esidumile eChina uYu Ruomu (于若木, Yú Ruòmù) uchaze itiye ngamazwi athi: "I-tiye laseZiyang — licebe nge-selenium, lilwa nomdlavuza, lihle ngombala, iphunga nokunambitheka, liyigugu lamampela phakathi kwamatiye". Umkhosi wonyaka wesiko letiye laseZiyang ube ngumcimbi omkhulu wesifunda.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezingobo Zokwakha:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** I-cultivar eyinhloko wuhlobo lwamaqembu lwaseZiyang (紫阳[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), Zǐyáng qúntǐ zhǒng), olwamukelwa njengohlobo lwendawo olunconyiwe kuzwelonke (国家级地方良种). Luhlobo lwesihlahla (*Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis*) olunamaqabunga ayi-elliphu noma ayi-lanceolate. Lubonakala ngokuhluma kwezimbaza kusenesikhathi, amagatsha aminyene, ukumelana okuphezulu nezimo ezinzima, kanye nokukhiqiza okuhle. Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali yeqabunga elisha: i-polyphenols — 30.35%, ama-amino acid — 3.08%, i-selenium — ngokwesilinganiso 0.6530 mg/kg (okuphezulu — kufinyelela ku-3.8536 mg/kg).
* **Ukuvuna:** Ukuvuna kwaseNtwasahlobo — izinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Izinto ezingcono kakhulu yilezo "ezivunwa ngaphambi kweQingmin" (明前茶, míngqián chá), lapho izimbaza zisethambile kakhulu futhi ama-amino acid esezingeni eliphezulu.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Emabangeni aphakeme (银针, yínzhēn — "izinaliti zesiliva") — izimbaza ezimsulwa zodwa. Ebangeni le "Cuifeng" (翠峰, Cuìfēng) — imbaza eneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Kweyisisekelo i-Mao Jian — imbaza enamanye amaqabunga alodwa noma amabili.
* **Izidingo zezingobo:** Ukukhiqiza i-jin (500 g) eyodwa yetiye kudinga izimbaza eziyi-18 000–24 000 zohlobo olunamacembe amaphakathi. Izingobo kumele zibe sha, zililingane, zingenawo amacembe alimele noma amakhulu.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:**

* **Isimo sezulu nobume bendawo:** Indawo ingeyasezintabeni zeDaba emgwaqeni osenyakatho — indawo enezihosha, imigodi nezimpatha ezimqansa phezulu emfuleni iHan. Izintaba zakha isithiyo esingokwemvelo emoyeni obandayo osuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga (indima yoluhlu lweQinling), kanti imisinga enomswakamo esuka eningizimu inikeza isimo sezulu esifudumele esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — 15–18 °C, imvula yonyaka — ngaphezu kuka-1200 mm, izintaba zihlala zimbozwe amafu nenkungu.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Izivande zetiye ezinkulu zisemihosheni yasezintabeni nasemithambekeni eseceleni kwemifula iHan neRenhe (任河, Rènhé). Indawo ewumgogodla — izihosha eziphakeme kakhulu zezigodi zaseHuangu (焕古乡, Huàngǔ Xiāng) naseHeping (和平乡, Hépíng Xiāng), kanye nezivande zetiye ezihlanzekile ngasosebeni lweHan neRenhe.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi eyisihlabathi ephuzi ene-asidi (酸性黄沙土), eyakhiwe edwaleni lwe-granite, i-pH 4.5–6.5. Isici esiyinhloko ukunotha nge-selenium ngokwemvelo: i-Se enhlabathini ingu-0.70–15.59 ppm, okuvela emadwaleni angavamile e-early Cambrian acebe nge-selenium atholakala kulesi sifunda. Inhlabathi ibuye ibe namazinga aphezulu e-zinc, i-strontium nezinye izakhamzimba ezincane, inenani eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi inokungena komoya okuhle.
* **Izici zokutshala:** IZiyang ingesinye sezindawo ezisenyakatho impela ezitshalwa kuzo itiye eChina (北缘茶区), okusho ukuthi ukunqwabelana kwezakhi emaqabungeni kuhamba kancane, ukukhula kwezimila kuhamba kancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid nezakhi ezinephunga elimnandi ziyanda. Indawo ibhekwa "njengebhange lemvelo yohlobo lwezakhi zofuzo lwezinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu letiye lendawo esenyakatho" (北方茶区优质茶树品种资源的天然基因库).

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ukukhiqizwa kweZiyang Mao Jian kuhlanganisa izigaba eziyishumi eziyinhloko futhi kuhlanganisha ukubilisa nokomisa (炒烘结合, chǎohōng jiéhé):

1. **Ukwendlala ukuze kubuneke (摊青, tānqīng):** Izingobo ezisanda kuvunwa zendlalelwa ungqimba oluncane ukuze kususwe umswakama ongaphezulu kancane kancane futhi kulungiselele ukuqiniswa.
2. **Ukuqiniswa / "ukubulawa kokuluhlaza" (杀青, shāqīng):** Ukubilisa epanini elicaba ngokushisa okungaba ngu-150 °C (ngokwesiko ngomlilo wezinkuni), kufakwa cishe u-1500 g wamaqabunga amasha. Ekuqaleni amaqabunga ayaphenywa ngezandla, kamuva uma eseshisa kakhulu, kusetshenziswa imfologolo yokhuni. Ukubilisa kuyayekwa lapho amaqabunga esephenduke oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, ethambile futhi kuvela iphunga elihlanzekile.
3. **Ukusontwa kokuqala (初揉, chūróu):** Ukusonta okuncane ukunikeza ukuma kokuqala nokwembula amajusi amangqamuzana.
4. **Ukubilisa okusezingeni (炒坯, chǎopī):** Ukubilisa okuphakathi nendawo ukuze kuqhutshelwe ukususwa komswakama nokwakheka kwephrofayili yokunambitheka.
5. **Ukusontwa okuphindiwe (复揉, fùróu):** Amaqabunga asomile kancane asontwa ngezandla ngokunyakaza okuzungezayo, kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ukuze kwakheke ukusonteka okuqinile nokukhiphela uboya ngaphezulu.
6. **Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng):** Ukomisa okushisayo ukunciphisa umswakama nokuqinisa ukuma.
7. **Ukuqondisa nokubumba (理条, lǐtiáo):** Ukuqondiswa ngesandla kokuma kwetiye ngalinye ukuze kufinyeleleke ukufana.
8. **Ukomisa okuphindiwe (复烘, fùhōng):** Ukomisa kwesibili ngokushisa okuphakathi nendawo.
9. **Ukukhipha uboya (提毫, tíháo):** Ekushiseni okungu-70–80 °C, uboya obusiliva buyakhipheka ngaphezulu kwetiye — uphawu olubonakalayo lwe-Mao Jian.
10. **Ukomisa okuphelele nokunikeza iphunga (足干焙香, zúgān bèixiāng):** Ukomisa kokugcina ekushiseni okuphansi kuze kube yisilinganiso somswakama ≤ 7%, lapho kwakheka khona iphunga elimnandi le-chestnut.

*Inothi:* Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko babuhlanganisa ukomisa ngelanga noma emthunzini ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing), shàiqīng), okwakugcina ama-enzyme asebenzayo futhi kunike itiye amandla okukhula. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje "bokubilisa + ukomisa" buhlose ukuveza ngokugcwele iphunga le-chestnut.

**6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa:**

* **Ukuma kweqabunga elomile:** Izitayela ezimbili eziyinhloko: "Izinaliti zesiliva" (银针) — amatiye aqondile afana nezinaliti ezenziwe ngezimbaza ezimsulwa, ambozwe kakhulu uboya obumhlophe; "Cuifeng" (翠峰) — amatiye asonteke, agobe kancane anoboya obubonakalayo. Umbala — oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama ogcwele.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Iphunga elimnandi le-chestnut eliqinile (栗香, lìxiāng) — inothi eyinhloko; ubumnandi obuthambile "bezimbaza" (嫩香, nènxiāng), okuyisici samabanga aphezulu.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Iphunga elimnandi le-chestnut elicebile, eliphakeme nelihlala isikhathi eside (栗香高长); kumafomu angcono kakhulu — enethoni yezimbali.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Ubusha obumhlophe (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) — okuwumphumela wokuba khona okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (3.08%); ukuqina okugcwele (醇厚, chúnhòu); ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala emlonyeni okucacile nokuhamba isikhathi (回甘, huígān), okukhula kancane ngemuva kokuphuza kokuqala. Ekunambithekeni kokuqala, ukunambitheka kungabonakala kuthambile, bese kuvela ukubaba okuncane, okulandelwa iphunga elicebile nokunambitheka okubuyayo okukhulayo.
* **Umbala wotshala:** Oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile (嫩绿), ohlanzekile, ocwebezelayo, onokukhazimula okukhanyayo (清澈明亮).
* **Inqaphu leqabunga (isihlahla esidanisiwe):** Amaqabunga athambile, avuthiwe, aphelele — aluhlaza okotshani, akhanyayo, alinganayo, aqoqwe abe "yizimbali" (嫩绿明亮, 匀整成朵).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **I-Polyphenols (ama-catechin):** Isilinganiso se-polyphenols yetiye — 30.35% (ngokuhlaziywa kweqabunga elisha lohlobo lwamaqembu lwaseZiyang). Ama-catechin (EGCG, EGC, ECG) — ama-antioxidant awumgogodla.
* **Ama-amino acid (okuhlanganisa ne-L-theanine):** Isilinganiso sama-amino acid amahhala — 3.08%. I-L-theanine yakha ubumnandi obuyisici kanye "nomzimba" wokunambitheka, futhi inika umphumela omnene wokwehlisa nokugxilisa umqondo.
* **Ama-alkaloid:** I-caffeine — cishe 3%, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Isilinganiso esikhulu se-caffeine sidala umphumela ocacile wokuvuselela.
* **I-Selenium (Se):** Isakhamzimba esincane esiyinhloko esihlukanisa itiye laseZiyang kuwo wonke amanye amatiye aluhlaza. Isilinganiso se-Se etiyeni — 0.6530 mg/kg, okuphezulu — kufinyelela ku-3.8536 mg/kg. Lokhu kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-5.5 kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile. I-selenium etiyeni isengxenyeni yezinto eziphilayo futhi itholakala kalula.
* **Amavithamini:** Uvithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B, β-carotene — ezingobeni ezintsha zasentwasahlobo.
* **Amaminerali:** I-zinc, i-strontium, i-potassium, i-manganese — ngamazinga aphezulu, abangelwa ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwenhlabathi enothile nge-selenium.
* **Amafutha abalulekile:** Akha iphunga le-chestnut; iphrofayili yawo inqunywa yindawo esenyakatho yokutshala itiye nokunqwabelana okuhamba kancane kwezakhi eziyiphunga elimnandi.

**8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:**

1. **Ukusekela i-antioxidant:** Isilinganiso esikhulu se-polyphenols sihlangene ne-selenium ephilayo sinikeza ukuvikelwa okuqinisiwe kwe-antioxidant. I-selenium iyi-cofactor ye-enzyme i-glutathione peroxidase — enye yama-antioxidant enzyme abalulekile emzimbeni.
2. **Ukusekela amasosha omzimba:** Isilinganiso esandayo sama-amino acid ne-selenium ephilayo kusiza ekuqiniseni izindlela zokuzivikela komzimba.
3. **Umphumela wokuvuselela:** Ukuhlangana kwe-caffeine (~3%) ne-L-theanine kudala ukuphapha okuqondile — okugcwele amandla kodwa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
4. **Ukusekela umzimba ngokugaya amafutha nezinkomishi:** I-polyphenols nama-amino acid anemiphumela yokulawula ngokuhlanganyela kumazinga e-cholesterol ne-glucose egazini.
5. **Umphumela wokuhlambulula nokwenza ube sha:** Ngokwesiko, itiye lihlonishwa ngamandla alo okuqeda ukoma, ukususa ukushisa kwangaphakathi nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamathe (生津, shēngjīn).
6. **Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi:** I-selenium nama-catechin zinomthelela ngokuhlanganyela ekunethezekeni kwemithambo yegazi nasekujwayeleni umfutho wegazi.
7. **Ukusekela amandla okucabanga:** I-L-theanine ithuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi yehlise amazinga okucindezeleka.

*Izexwayiso:* Akunconywa ukusiphuzwa kusesiswini esingenalutho (izinto ezishukiweyo zingacasula ulwelwesi lwamathumbu). Abantu abanesimiso sezinzwa esivusa kakhulu kumele balinganisele (i-caffeine ~3%). Akunconywa ukusiphuzwa ngaphambi kokulala kanye nemithi (kungenzeka kube nomphumela ekumunyenikeni kwayo). Itiye lakayizolo alifanele ukuphuzwa.

**9. Ukudansiswa:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80 °C — okuhle kakhulu ngokulungenelela kokusha nokujula kwe-chestnut.
* **Ubuningi betiye:** 3 g emanzini angu-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50).
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yokusebenza esobala — indlela eyinhloko, evumela ukubukela ukuvuleka kwezimbaza ezinoboya. I-porcelain gaiwan — enye indlela esebenza wonke umuntu.
* **Indlela (indlela yokuphola phansi / 下投法, xiàtóu fǎ):**
  1. Thungela ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo.
  2. Thela itiye (3 g).
  3. Faka amanzi (80 °C) kuze kube yizinga eliphelele.
  4. Linda imizuzu emi-2 ngaphambi kokuphuza kokuqala.
  5. Phuza kuze kufike ezingeni lesithathu, bese uphinda uthele amanzi.
  6. Kweminye imithi elandelayo, yelula ngesekhondi elingu-30.
  7. Itiye eliseqophelweni eliphezulu lithwala ukuthelwa kabusha okungu-3–4.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* **Izimo:** Ukufakwa okungangeni moya, ukuvikelwa eziphungweni zangaphandle, ukukhanya nomswakama.
* **Izinga lokushisa:** 0–5 °C (efrijini) — okuhle kakhulu ekugcinweni isikhathi eside. Ngaphambi kokuvula, vumela iphakethe lishise lifike ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni.
* **Isikhathi:** Itiye elisha — phakathi nenyanga eyodwa ukuze kutholakale iphunga eliphelele. Efakwe emgqonyeni ongangeni moya efrijini — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Ngemuva kokuvulwa — amaviki ama-2–4.

**11. Intengo kanye Nokwenziwa Okungelona Iqiniso:**

* **Izigaba zentengo:** Ibanga elikhethekile (银针, izinaliti zesiliva) — kusukela ku-800–1500 yuan nge-jin nangaphezulu, kuye ngonyaka nomkhiqizi. Ibanga lokuqala (翠峰) — 400–800 yuan. Ibanga lesibili nelesithathu — kufinyeleleka ngokwengeziwe, kuyilapho kunokunambitheka okuyisici kwe-chestnut kanye nephrofayili ye-selenium.
* **Izinto ezithinta intengo:** Ibanga, isikhathi sokuvuna (ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwe-Qingmin), ukuphakama kokukhula, ukuvunwa ngesandla noma ngomshini, isilinganiso se-selenium.
* **Indlela yokugwema okungelona iqiniso:**
  1. **Hlola ukuqamba:** I-Ziyang Mao Jian eyiqiniso kumele ibe nokuqamba kwe-geographical indication "紫阳富硒茶" kanye nokuchazwa komkhiqizi osuka esifundeni saseZiyang.
  2. **Buka ukwakheka:** Ibanga eliyikhethelo eliyiqiniso — amatiye asonteke ngokuqinile, alinganayo, anoboya obuningi besiliva nokucwebezela okuluhlaza okotshani obumnyama.
  3. **Hlola iphunga:** Iphunga le-chestnut elihlanzekile, elijulile ngaphandle kokuthungela, ukusha ngokweqile noma iphunga lesishibhi.
  4. **Bukela utshala:** Umbala oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile ohlanzekile ngaphandle kokudideka; amaqabunga aphansi kwenkomishi — aphelele, ethambile, aluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo.
  5. **Lawula intengo:** Intengo ephansi ngokukangabazeka "yehlobo elikhethekile eline-selenium" — uphawu lokushintshwa.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

1. **Ubumpetha bomhlaba:** Ngo-1989, ikhomishana yochwepheshe bezesayensi yezondlo, itiye kanye nezokwelapha yaqinisekisa ukuthi itiye laseZiyang — itiye lokuqala emhlabeni lemvelo elinesiqiniseko se-selenium engokwemvelo ngokwesayensi.
2. **Igama lobuTao:** Isifunda saseZiyang siyona kuphela eChina esiqanjwe ngegama lobuTao: uZhang Boduan (张伯端, Zhāng Bóduān), owaziwa ngokuthi "uZiyang Zhenren" (紫阳真人, "Umuntu Wangempela Wokukhanya Okunsomi"), wasebenza lapha ngesikhathi saseNyakatho yakwaSong futhi wasungula isikole saseNingizimu sobuTao.
3. **Itiye-ngokusebenzisana:** Ngokomlando, itiye laseZiyang laliyimpahla eyisihluthulelo ekuhwebeni "tiye namahhashi" (茶马互市) — uhlelo lokushintshanisa olwaluxhumanisa i-China yakwaHan nezizwe ezizulazulayo zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga futhi luqinise ubudlelwano bezinhlanga.
4. **Ifa le-cultivar:** Uhlobo lwamaqembu lwaseZiyang (紫阳种) lwafakwa kuhlu lokuqala lwezinhlobo zendawo ezanconywa ngo-1965 futhi lubhekwa "njengebhange lofuzo lwemvelo" lwendawo yetiye esenyakatho.
5. **Ukuphuza kathathu okungokoqobo:** Isiko lendawo lifuna ukuthi umuntu aphuze itiye laseZiyang okungenani ngezigaba ezintathu: ukuphuza kokuqala — kuthambile futhi akumba; okwesibili — kuveza ukubaba nokujula kwephunga; okwesithathu — kuvula ukunambitheka okugcwele nokunambitheka okubuyayo okukhulayo, "okwanele impilo yonke," njengoba kushiwo emadilini etiye eZiyang.

**13. Izinhlobonhlobo zeZiyang Mao Jian:**

* **Ziyang Yinzhen (紫阳银针, Zǐyáng Yínzhēn) — "Izinaliti zesiliva":** Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu. Yenziwe ngezimbaza ezimsulwa zodwa. Ukuma — kuqondile, okufana nezinaliti, kunoboya obuningi besiliva. Iphunga — lithambile, "lwezimbaza" (嫩香); ukunambitheka — kusha impela futhi kumnandi.
* **Ziyang Cuifeng (紫阳翠峰, Zǐyáng Cuìfēng) — "Inhlokomo Ehlaza Okwesibhakabhaka":** Ibanga lokuqala. Imbaza eneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka. Ukuma — kusonteke, kunoboya obuningi. Iphunga — i-chestnut ecebile; ukunambitheka — kuqinile, okunokunambitheka okuhlala emlonyeni okucacile.
* **Ziyang Mao Jian (ngomqondo obanzi):** Ibanga lesibili nelesithathu. Imbaza enamacembe alodwa noma amabili. Ukuma okusonteke ngokwezimo. Iphunga — i-chestnut eqinile; ukunambitheka — kuqinile, kunokubamba, kuthwala ukudansiswa okuphindiwe kahle.

**14. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ohlobo lwe-Mao Jian:**

* **Xinyang Mao Jian ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-mao-jian), Xìnyáng Máo Jiān):** "Ishumi" elidumile elivela esifundazweni saseHenan. Womabili amatiye angaphansi kohlobo lwe-Mao Jian olunoboya obuningi, kodwa eleXinyang alinayo i-selenium. Iphunga le-Xinyang — linothisa "utshani" futhi "line-chestnut", ukunambitheka — kuqabulayo futhi kuncane ukuminyana kuneleZiyang.
* **Duyun Mao Jian ([都匀毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/douyun-mao-jian), Dūyún Máo Jiān):** "Ishumi" laseGuizhou. Linamacembe amancane, linoboya obukhanyayo obuhle kakhulu kanye nephunga elibucayi "lekhambi". Uma liqhathaniswa neZiyang — linomzimba okhanyayo kakhulu futhi inothi ye-chestnut incane.
* **Guizhou Lü Zhu (贵州绿珠, Guìzhōu Lǜ Zhū):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyimbumbulu elivela eGuizhou — ukuma okuphambene ngokupheleleyo (izigaxa vs. ukusonteka okungokomzuzu), kodwa okuqhathaniswa ngokusha. Alinayo i-selenium.

**Ekuphethweni:**

I-Ziyang Mao Jian yi-tiye lapho i-geology yahlangana khona ne-botany kanye nesiko lomuntu leminyaka eyinkulungwane. Amadwala angavamile e-early Cambrian, acwiliswe nge-selenium, ondulela izimpande zezihlahla zetiye ezikhula emithambekeni emqansa yemihosha yeDaba, kanti amakhosi, umsebenzi wawo ohlehlela emuva ezikhathini zakwaTang, aguqula izimbaza ezithambile zibe itiye elinephunga le-chestnut elijulile nokunambitheka okunezigaba eziningi. Kubathandi betiye abafuna ukusebenza kahle (i-selenium yemvelo) kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokunambitheka okucolekile, i-Ziyang Mao Jian ingesinye sezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezingaziwa kangako ngaphandle kweChina.