---
title: "Amaqabunga bamboo"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhuye
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-31
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Amaqabunga bamboo (竹叶, zhúyè)

Amaqabunga bamboo (竹叶, *zhúyè*) — amaqabunga omisiwe ezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezinjengotshani zohlobo lwe-Phyllostachys kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziseduze, okuyinto e-China osekuyisikhathi eside igxotshwa ngamanzi ashisayo futhi iphuzwa njengendlela yokumnika amandla epholile. Lokhu akulona itiye ngokomqondo wesayensi yezitshalo: impahla eluhlaza ayinalo nhlobo i-camellia sinensis (Camellia sinensis), futhi isiphuzo ngokwaso singaphansi kwesigaba "samatiye angasho lutho" (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) — iziphuzo zezitshalo eziphuzwa ngendlela yetiye, kodwa ezingelona itiye. I-bamboo ikhula kuyo yonke indawo eseningizimu ye-subtropical ye-China, futhi amaqabunga ayo ahlala etholakala, eshibhile futhi eyisiphuzo "esipholile" ngesikhathi sonyaka esishisayo. Ukumnika amandla kuthakaselwa umbala okhanyayo, iphunga elisha elinjengotshani nelinjengokusanhlamvu kanye nethoni ethambile enoshukela ngaphandle kwe-tannin yokubaba kwetiye langempela. Embonini yokudla yesimanje, kuphinde kukhishwe okukhishwe kwe-flavonoid emaqabungeni e-bamboo, okusetshenziswa ngokwehlukile emasikweni asekhaya "etiye".

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** ukumnika amandla kwezitshalo, into esikhundleni setiye (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*); ngokwesayensi yezitshalo akulona itiye.
* **Umndeni:** utshani (Poaceae / Gramineae), umndeni omncane we-bamboo (Bambusoideae).
* **Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko:** amaqabunga e-bamboo ohlobo lwe-Phyllostachys — ngokuyinhloko i-淡竹 (*dànzhú*) kanye ne-毛竹 (*máozhú*, Phyllostachys edulis).
* **Isigaba:** ukumnika amandla kwezitshalo kanye nezimbali ezomile (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) — ngaphandle kwesigaba sesayensi yezitshalo setiye elivela ku-Camellia sinensis
* **Imvelaphi:** indawo ye-subtropical ye-China — i-Zhejiang, i-Fujian, i-Jiangxi, i-Hunan, i-Anhui, i-Sichuan.

Impahleni eluhlaza alikho iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis, futhi ngenxa yalokho, akukho leyo nhlanganisela ye-theine, i-catechin kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-enzyme okuphawulekayo okwenza itiye libe itiye. Ngokombono wokulawulwa kokudla kwase-China, umkhiqizo onjalo udlula njenge-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*) — isiphuzo sezitshalo, hhayi umkhiqizo wetiye. Ngokwehlukana, kudingeka kuhlukaniswe izikhundla ezintathu ezinamagama afanayo ngendlela ekhohlisayo:

* **竹叶 (*zhúyè*)** — iqabunga le-bamboo uqobo lwalo, okuyilo elikhulunywa ngalo kulesi sihloko.
* **淡竹叶 (*dàn zhú yè*)** — utshani i-Lophatherum gracile, isitshalo esiphansi esinjengotshani, esingahlobene ne-bamboo, nakuba igama lizwakala ngokoqobo njenge "qabunga le-淡竹". Lena yimpahla eluhlaza ezimele, efakwe ku-Pharmacopoeia ye-People's Republic of China (中国药典, *Zhōngguó Yàodiǎn*) ngaphansi kwegama elithi 淡竹叶. Ukukudida neqabunga le-bamboo akufanele kwenzeke, nakuba ekuthengiseni kungenzeka ukushintshwa.
* **[竹叶青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhu-ye-qing) (*zhúyèqīng*)** — leli ITIYE eliluhlaza elivela ku-camellia, elikhiqizwa endaweni ye-Entinyama i-Emeishan (峨眉山) e-Sichuan; lenziwe nge-Camellia sinensis futhi alihlobene nokumnika amandla okuvela ku-bamboo. Kulo kunendatshana yethu ehlukile.

Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukungaqondakali kwe-taxonomic: ngaphansi kwegama elithi 淡竹 (*dànzhú*) emithonjeni eyahlukene kuqondwa i-Phyllostachys glauca noma i-Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis — akukho ukunikezwa okukodwa, ngakho-ke uhlobo oluthile lwempahla eluhlaza luncike endaweni yokuvuna.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

I-bamboo — ngesinye sezithombe eziyinhloko zesiko lamaShayina: ingena "kubangane abathathu besimo sezulu sasebusika esibandayo" (uphayini, i-bamboo, iplamu) futhi "kwezine ezihloniphekile" kanye ne-orchid, iplamu kanye ne-chrysanthemum, ifanekisela ukuqina nobuqotho. Iqabunga le-bamboo liyakhulunywa emibhalweni yakudala ye-materia medica, kuhlanganise ne-"Bencao Gangmu" (本草纲目, *Běncǎo Gāngmù*) ka-Li Shizhen, lapho kuchazwa khona izakhiwo "ezipholile" zeqabunga. Emisebenzini yabantu yaseningizimu ye-China, ukumnika amandla okuvela eqabungeni le-bamboo kwakuyisiphuzo sasehlobo — babecima ukoma ensimini nasekhaya, ngoba impahla eluhlaza yayikhula ngokoqobo emnyango.

* **Indima ekuphileni kwansuku zonke:** isiphuzo "esipholile" senkathi ethile sezinyanga ezishisayo, esishibhile futhi esitholakala yonke indawo.
* **Ukusetshenziswa okuhlobene:** amaqabunga abanzi e-bamboo (ngokwesibonelo, 箬叶, *ruòyè*, amaqabunga e-Indocalamus) ngokwesiko asetshenziselwa ukusonga i-zongzi (粽子) — amaphiramidi elayisi; lona umugqa wokupheka ohlukile, ongahlobene nokugxoshwa.

**3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Isitshalo:** utshani obuhlala iminyaka eminingi obunesiqu esingenalutho esinamajoyinti (i-culm).
* **Iqabunga:** linjengomkhonto, linesihloko esicijile, linemithambo ehambelanayo kanye "nenethiwekhi" encane ephambanayo ephawulekayo phakathi kwemithambo.
* **Ingxenye evuniwe:** amaqabunga amancane athambile (嫩叶, *nènyè*), aqoqwe emagatsheni.
* **Umehluko ku-Lophatherum:** ku-淡竹叶 amaqabunga mancane futhi athambile, isitshalo siphansi, sinjengotshani, sinezimpande ezincane ezijiyile, kanti i-bamboo yangempela injengesihlahla.

Ukwenzela ukumnika amandla okugxotshiwe, kuthandwa iqabunga elincane eliluhlaza okukhanyayo elingenazo iziqu eziqinile; iqabunga elidala elimnyama linikeza ukuqina okwengeziwe kanye nephunga elincane.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:**

* **Isimo sezulu:** i-subtropical enomswakama, nehlobo elifudumele kanye nemvula eningi.
* **Inhlabathi:** i-acidic, evundlile, inhlabathi yasezintabeni ekhishwa kahle amanzi.
* **Izifunda:** izindawo ezinkulu ze-maozhu (毛竹) e-Zhejiang (okuhlanganisa nesifunda sase-Anji, 安吉), e-Fujian, e-Jiangxi, e-Hunan, e-Anhui.
* **Ukuvuna:** ikakhulukazi intwasahlobo — ihlobo, lapho iqabunga lisemincane; impahla eluhlaza ingaba yasendle noma ivela emasimini e-bamboo.

I-bamboo ikhula ngokushesha futhi iyavuseleleka ngemva kokusikwa kweqabunga, ngakho-ke ukuvunwa kweqabunga ngokuvamile akuncintisani nokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamasimu e-bamboo (amahlumela, izingodo).

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe bulula futhi buhlukahlukene kakhulu kunobo betiye langempela, futhi buhluka kusuka ekomisweni elenziwa ekhaya kuya ekucutshungulweni "okufana netiye".

* **Ukuqoqa nokuhlunga:** ukukhetha iqabunga elincane, ukususa iziqu eziqinile kanye nodoti.
* **Ukushwabana (摊晾, *tānliàng*):** ukunaba ngendlela ezacile ukuze kulahlwe ingxenye yomswakama.
* **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** ezinkethweni "ezifana netiye" iqabunga liyashiswa ukuze kumiswe i-oxidation futhi kuzinziswe umbala oluhlaza; ekomisweni elilula lesi sigaba siyashiywa.
* **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** ngezinye izikhathi kuyasetshenziswa ukunikeza iqabunga isimo kanye nokwenza kube lula ukukhishwa.
* **Ukomisa (烘干 / 晒干):** ngomoya oshisayo noma elangeni kuze kufinyelelwe kumswakama ozinzile.

Umugqa wezimboni ohlukile — ukukhishwa kwama-flavonoid eqabunga le-bamboo: ukugaya, ukukhishwa ngamanzi ne-alcohol, ukugxilisa kanye nokomisa ngesifutho. Umkhiqizo walo mugqa — akusona isiphuzo, kodwa i-powder yokukhishwa.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

* **Iqabunga elomile:** lisuka kokuluhlaza liya kokuphuzi okuluhlaza, linjengomkhonto, linomthambo obonakalayo; iphunga lotshani obomile kanye ne-fresh hay.
* **Umbala wokumnika amandla:** usuka kokuphuzi okuluhlaza okukhanyayo uya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo okusagolide, kusobala.
* **Iphunga:** elisha elinjengotshani nelinjengokusanhlamvu, nethoni encane yokuluhlaza kwe-bamboo kanye nomumo we-hay.
* **Ukunambitheka:** kulula, kuthambile, kunoshukela kancane, kunomuzwa wokuphola kanye nokubaba okuncane; umzimba wokumnika amandla mncane.
* **I-aftertaste:** imfushane, nokuhunyushwa kwebuyisela lobumnandi (回甘, *huígān*).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-Flavonoid (竹叶黄酮, *zhúyè huángtóng*):** Ama-C-glycosidic flavones — i-orientin, i-isoorientin, i-vitexin, i-isovitexin; yiwona afundwayo njengezakhi eziyinhloko ze-antioxidant.
* **Ama-Phenolic acid:** i-chlorogenic, i-p-coumaric, i-ferulic nokunye.
* **Ama-Polysaccharide kanye ne-chlorophyll.**
* **I-Silicon:** i-bamboo iqongelela ngenkuthalo i-silica (i-silicon dioxide) ezicutshini.
* **Ama-Amino acid kanye namaminerali:** i-potassium, i-manganese nokunye ngamanani amancane.
* **Ama-lactone anephunga kanye nezinhlanganisela ezifana ne-coumarin:** zifaka isandla ephungeni.
* **I-Caffeine:** ayikho, ngokungafani netiye langempela, okuyinto ebalulekile kulabo abagwema i-caffeine.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ngezansi — yilokho okuvame ukucatshangwa ngalo mkhiqizo emasikweni asekhaya amaShayina, kanye nalokho okufundwa yisayensi. Lokhu akusona isikhafulo, kodwa isiphuzo sokudla; noma yiziphi izimangalo zezempilo zokuthengisa zingaphandle kwemikhawulo ye-encyclopedia.

* **Emibonweni yendabuko:** iqabunga le-bamboo lifakwa emikhiqizweni "epholile", kuthiwa linamandla "okuhlambulula ukushisa nokususa ukukhathazeka" (清热除烦, *qīngrè chúfán*), "likhiqize uketshezi futhi likhuthaze ukuchama" (生津利尿, *shēngjīn lìniào*). Lezi yizigaba zemithi yesintu neyendabuko, hhayi imiphumela yemitholampilo eqinisekisiwe.
* **Okufundwa yisayensi:** ama-flavonoid eqabunga le-bamboo afundwa njengama-antioxidant in vitro nasezinhlelweni eziyimodeli; okukhishwe eqabungeni le-bamboo e-China kusetshenziswa njenge-antioxidant yokudla evumelekile. Lokhu kuphathelene ne-chemistry yokudla, hhayi ukwelashwa.
* **Iphrofayili ye-caffeine:** ukungabikho kwe-caffeine kwenza isiphuzo sibe lungele ukuphuzwa kusihlwa.

Izixwayiso ezingathathi hlangothi ezijwayelekile: ukulinganisela okunengqondo; kubantu "abomzimba obandayo", abakhulelwe kanye nabancelisayo, kanye nangesikhathi sokuphuza imithi kufanele kuqikelelwe futhi kubonisane nochwepheshe. I-encyclopedia ayinikezi imithamo nezincomo.

**9. Ukugxosha:**

* **Isilinganiso:** cishe amagremu angu-3 — 5 eqabunga emanzini angu-300 — 400 ml.
* **Izinga lokushisa:** 90 — 100 °C; iqabunga liyakwazi ukumelana namanzi abilayo, ukuze kube nokumnika amandla okuthambile kwanele u-90 — 95 °C.
* **Izitsha:** i-teapot yengilazi noma ye-porcelain, i-gaiwan noma inkomishi nje — iqabunga alinankinga.
* **Isikhathi kanye nokuchithwa:** ukumnika amandla kokuqala imizuzu engu-3 — 5 ekugxosheni okulula; ngendlela yokuchitha — kufushane, kumelana nokuchithwa okungu-2 — 3, ngemva kwalokho ukunambitheka kuphela ngokushesha.
* **Ukuphakelwa okubandayo:** ehlobo kufaneleka ukumnika amandla okubandayo — thela amanzi apholile eqabungeni bese ulinda amahora amaningana efrijini noma ukugxoshe ngokushisayo bese upholisa ngeqhwa.
* **Inhlanganisela:** ihlangana ngokungathathi hlangothi noshukela oyizicucu (冰糖, *bīngtáng*) noma izimbali ze-chrysanthemum (菊花, *júhuā*) — lolu udaba lokunambitha, hhayi iresiphi ephoqelekile.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* **Izimo:** indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama engenawo amaphunga angaphandle.
* **Isitsha:** isitsha esivalwe ngokuqinile noma isikhwama esivimbela umswakama.
* **Isikhathi:** iphunga licace kakhulu ngonyaka wokuqala nengxenye, ngemva kwalokho liyancipha kancane kancane.
* **Izingozi:** umswakama ophakeme uholela ekubumbeni nasekukhuleni isikhunta; iqabunga limunca amaphunga kalula.

**11. Intengo kanye Namanga:**

* **Inkomba yentengo yabathengisi:** cishe u-70 ¥/kg ngeqabunga le-bamboo elomile elijwayelekile; lena inkomba yobukhulu bentengo, hhayi intengo yokuthengisa, encike ezinhlobonhlobo, ekucutshungulweni nasekupakisheni.
* **Ukuthi impahla eluhlaza yangempela ibukeka kanjani:** amaqabunga aphelele noma asikiwe anjengomkhonto asuka kokuluhlaza kuye kokuphuzi okuluhlaza, anesihloko esicijile, imithambo ehambelanayo kanye nenethiwekhi encane ephambanayo; iphunga elisha elinjengotshani.

Izinketho eziyinhloko zokushintshwa nokudideka: ukuthengiswa kotshani i-Lophatherum gracile (淡竹叶) ngaphansi kwegama elithi 竹叶 futhi okuphambene nalokho; ukuhlanganiswa kweziqu eziqinile, iziqu kanye nezicucu; amaqabunga atshani nolunye utshani asikiwe; iqabunga elidala elimnyama elingenalo iphunga. Ngokwehlukana kufanele kukhunjulwe ukudideka kwamagama netiye eliluhlaza 竹叶青 (*zhúyèqīng*): ngaphansi kwaleli gama kuthengiswa itiye le-camellia, hhayi ukumnika amandla okuvela ku-bamboo. Lapho uhlola kufanele ubheke isimo kanye nemithambo yeqabunga, ukulingana kombala, ukungabibikho kwephunga elibi kanye nokungcola kwangaphandle.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* **I-tincture enegama elifanayo:** 竹叶青酒 (*zhúyèqīng jiǔ*) — i-liqueur yezitshalo eyaziwayo evela esifundazweni sase-Shanxi (山西); igama liyafana, kodwa lona umkhiqizo ophuzwayo oludakayo, hhayi ukumnika amandla okuvela eqabungeni.
* **Itiye elinegama elifanayo:** lona sibilisi 青 egameni elithi 竹叶青 elivela e-Emeishan libhekisela etiyeni eliluhlaza elivela ku-camellia — umthombo wakudala wokudideka.
* **Isisongo, hhayi into yokugxosha:** amaqabunga abanzi e-bamboo ehlobene asetshenziselwa ukusonga i-zongzi nezinye izidlo zelayisi, ezinikeza iphunga lezitshalo.
* **I-Antioxidant yokudla:** okukhishwe kwe-flavonoid eqabungeni le-bamboo kungene emisebenzini yokudla yase-China njenge-antioxidant evumelekile, okuyinto engajwayelekile "emakhambi etiye".
* **I-Silicon ye-bamboo:** ukuqongelela okuphezulu kwe-silica ezicutshini ze-bamboo — ngesinye sezizathu zokuqina kwayo kanye "nokuba namaminerali okuluhlaza" okukhethekile kwempahla eluhlaza.

**Ekuphetheni:**

Amaqabunga bamboo — lona ummeleli othembekile wohlobo lwe-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*): isiphuzo esiphuzwa ngendlela yetiye, kodwa esingelona itiye futhi esingenawo ummeleli we-camellia ngaphakathi. Inomqondo wayo siqu — impahla eluhlaza etholakalayo yaseningizimu ye-subtropical, ukucutshungulwa okulula, ukumnika amandla okukhanyayo okunephunga elinjengotshani nelinjengokusanhlamvu futhi ngaphandle kwe-caffeine. Ukuyibona "njengento esikhundleni setiye" akunabulungiswa: lona isiko elizimele lasekhaya eline-terroir yalo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nendlela yokugxosha.

Into esemqoka kumthengi — ukungadidi izikhundla ezintathu ezifanayo ngokwezwi: iqabunga le-bamboo uqobo (竹叶), utshani i-Lophatherum gracile (淡竹叶) kanye netiye eliluhlaza 竹叶青 elivela e-Emeishan. Zihlanganiswa kuphela ama-hanzi emagameni, kodwa hhayi isayensi yezitshalo noma inhloso. Ukumnika amandla okuvela eqabungeni le-bamboo kufanele kuthakaselwe ngalokho okuyikho — ngesiphuzo esilula, esipholile, esingabizi, hhayi ngezakhiwo zokwelapha ezinikezwa sona, ezihlala zingaphandle kwemikhawulo yomkhiqizo wokudla.