---
title: "Zhènyuán Kǎnpénqìng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhenyuan-kanpenqing-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Zhènyuán Kǎnpénqìng chá (镇沅砍盆箐茶)

**I-Zhenyuan Kanpenqing Cha** (*Zhènyuán Kǎnpénqìng chá*, 镇沅砍盆箐茶) — uphawu lwendawo lwetiye lase-Kanpenqing (砍盆箐) emkhandlwini wasemakhaya wase-Wenkuan (文况村) edolobhaneni lase-Mengda esifundeni sase-Zhenyuan emkhandlwini wedolobha wase-Pu'er, esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. Idolobhana lisemthambekeni wezintaba zase-Wuliangshan (无量山), phakathi kwehlathi; lizungezwe izihlahla zetiye ezindala, ezingama-896 zazo ezibhalwe ngayinye. Isifunda sibala i-Kanpenqing phakathi kwezindawo zetiye eziyisishiyagalombili, kanti izincwadi zetiye zithi itiye lendawo linamandla kakhulu futhi libiza kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Zhenyuan. Ikilasi lomkhiqizo alushiwongo emqulwini wophawu; izincazelo zikhuluma ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye le-pu'er.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akumisiwe: uhlu lwezimpawu alulishiwongo ikilasi. Ingcaciso mayelana nentaba yetiye embhalweni wohambo oluya e-Kanpenqing (ingosi yetiye yawushicilela kabusha ngo-2020) ithi abalimi betiye bendawo benza ikakhulukazi ngesandla itiye lokomiswa elangeni ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing)茶, *shàiqīng chá*) — okuyizinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye le-pu'er; ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ohlanganiswa wuphawu, akucaci kulokhu.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lezingadi ezindala zesifunda sase-Zhenyuan; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*), umkhandlu wedolobha wase-Pu'er (普洱, *Pǔ'ěr*), isifunda sase-Zhenyuan (镇沅, *Zhènyuán*), idolobhana lase-Mengda (勐大镇, *Měngdà zhèn*), umkhandlu wasemakhaya wase-Wenkuan, idolobhana lase-Kanpenqing.
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Uhlu lubonisa isifunda sase-Zhenyuan njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; umnikazi akashiwongo, umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga. Indawo yetiye ichazwa ngobubanzi: umnyombo, ngokombiko wango-2024, — idolobhana lase-Kanpenqing, ngokwencazelo yesifunda — wonke umkhandlu wasemakhaya wase-Wenkuan, kanti nxazonke — amanye amadolobhana ayishumi nanhlanu, kuhlanganise ne-Kuda (库达), i-Baishui (白水), i-Banpo (半坡) ne-Wendo (文夺).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane ngembewu.** Ngokwendaba yomholi wendawo embhalweni ofanayo, endulo, lapho abaphathi bethatha amadoda bayowabhalisa empini, omunye umhlali wase-Kanpenqing wayiswa e-Jinggu; wabaleka ekamu, futhi lapho ebuyela ekhaya, wafika nembewu yetiye — kusuka kuzo kwaqala izihlahla zalapha. Ingcaciso embhalweni ofanayo idlulisa enye inganekwane: izihlahla zatshalwa okhokho abacasha lapha ngesikhathi sezinxushunxushu, eminyakeni engaphezu kwama-400 edlule. Imibhalo yakho konke lokhu angiyibonanga.
    * **1976.** Ngokombhalo ofanayo, ochwepheshe besifundazwe baqoqa iqabunga lapha futhi baliyisa ukuba lihlolwe e-Kunming; izinga labonakala lilihle, futhi izihlahla ezindala zafaneleka ukuvikelwa.
    * **2007.** Ngokwencwadi ethi «Pu'er wenhua», ekuweni kwemakethe ye-pu'er ngo-2007 itiye lase-Kanpenqing laba nokhuphuka okuphawulekayo nokuwa, izingadi zalimala kakhulu futhi zathatha iminyaka eminingana zilulama.
    * **Uphawu.** Ohlwini lwezimpawu ze-GI zase-Yunnan lwangomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2019 «镇沅砍盆箐茶» lumele emgqeni wama-98. Unyaka wokubhalisa, inombolo kanye nomnikazi akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **Amaphasipoti ezihlahla.** Umbiko we-CCTV (2024) uthi eminyakeni yamuva isihlahla ngasinye esidala somnyombo sinikezwe «iphasipoti» elinendawo, izixhumanisi, iminyaka, ubukhulu bomqhele kanye nomuntu obhekele ukunakekelwa.
* **Igama:** Ngokwale ndaba efanayo, okhokho babegedla izitsha zokugeza ngokhuni eziqu — kusuka lapha «砍盆箐» — cishe «isihosha lapho kugawulwa khona izitsha». Izihlahla zazisetshenziselwa nokwenza izikebhe ukuze kwehle ngomfudlana, yingakho indawo ibizwa nangokuthi «砍船箐» — «isihosha lapho kugawulwa khona izikebhe». Umbiko wango-2024 uthi kafushane ukuthi itiye liqanjwe ngendawo, kanti indawo yaduma ngetiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Isifunda sibala i-Kanpenqing phakathi kwezindawo zetiye eziyisishiyagalombili zase-Zhenyuan kanye ne-Madeng, i-Qianjiazhai, i-Laohaitang, i-Chashanqing, i-Lao'ushan, i-Dasongshan ne-Wuyi; incwadi ethi «Pu'er wenhua» ohlwini lwayo ibeka i-Baocangshan esikhundleni se-Dasongshan. Iphinde ithi i-Kanpenqing, njenge-Madeng, endulo yayingenye «yamatiye ayisishiyagalombili adumile ase-Yunnan». Ngokubuyekezwa kwezingadi ezindala zedolobhana lase-Mengda kwenye ingosi yetiye, lesi siqu wazithola ngo-1978 ngesikhathi kuhlolwa amatiye adumile ohlelweni lokuhweba lwangaphandle lwesifundazwe, kanye namatiye ase-Haitang nase-Madeng, kwathi ngo-1989 — isitifiketi sesifundazwe setiye elidumile; omunye umbhalo ubeka ukuhlolwa ngo-1976.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ingcaciso yentaba yetiye ibiza itiye lendawo lembewu elinamaqabunga amakhulu (有性大叶[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), *yǒuxìng dàyè qúntǐzhǒng*) — inani lezitshalo elandiswa ngembewu, hhayi uhlobo olulodwa.
* **Izihlahla ezindala:** Isibalo siyahluka. Umbiko wango-2024: emnyombweni we-Kanpenqing kunezihlahla ezindala ezingama-896. Ingcaciso embhalweni: entabeni kunezihlahla ezindala ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, kuzo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ezinomqhele obanzi. Eminye imithombo ibala izihlahla ezingama-3890 nangaphezu kwezingu-4000. Umbhalo uchaza izihlahla ezinobude obucishe bube ngamamitha ama-4–5 namagatsha agobile.
* **Izinhlaka zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuvuna:** Ngokombhalo, iqabunga livunwa entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sezimvula nasekwindla. Izidingo zophawu nezinga lokuvuna azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zase-Wuliangshan; ngokwencazelo yesifunda, indawo yetiye ilele ehlathini lokuqala ekujuleni kwesiqiwi sase-Wuliangshan. Ukuminyana kwehlathi nxazonke — 66 %.
* **Ukuphakama:** **1910 m** — ngokwengcaciso yentaba yetiye.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lonyaka lingu-15,8–18,1 °C, imvula ingama-920–1910 mm ngonyaka (ingcaciso embhalweni).
* **Izimila kanye nenhlabathi:** Ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza elinamaqabunga abanzi kanye nehlathi elixubile lama-conifer namaqabunga abanzi; inhlabathi — i-lateritic ebomvu nebomvu (赤红壤、红壤).
* **Indawo:** Ngokombiko wango-2024, emkhandlwini wasemakhaya wase-Wenkuan kunama-mu etiye angaphezu kuka-4000, emnyombweni we-Kanpenqing — angaphezu kuka-2000 mu. Umbhalo ubala izinombolo ezincane zedolobhana elilodwa: angaphezu kuka-800 mu wezingadi zetiye, kuwo angaphezu kuka-100 mu ezihlahla ezindala.
* **Idolobhana:** Ngokombhalo, i-Kanpenqing imi maphakathi nomthambeka: imizi engu-9, izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane; ukusuka emkhandlwini wasemakhaya kuya edolobhaneni — amakhilomitha ayi-16 omgwaqo wasezintabeni.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuciko betiye elingaphansi kophawu abukho emithonjeni etholakele, ikilasi alishiwongo. Ingcaciso yentaba yetiye ikhuluma ngetiye lokomiswa elangeni elenziwe ngesandla — izinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye le-pu'er; kulo uhlelo olujwayelekile lunjena:

1.  **Ukuvuna (采摘, *cǎizhāi*).**
2.  **Ukupholisa iqabunga (摊晾, *tānliàng*).**
3.  **Ukumisa ekotishi (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, *shàigān*):** Kutholakala i-maocha evundlekile (晒青毛茶, *shàiqīng máochá*).
6.  **Ukucindezela (紧压, *jǐnyā*):** Akudingekile.

Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuciko be-Zhenyuan Kanpenqing Cha. Ngokombhalo, edolobhaneni kusebenza umfelandawonye wezakhamuzi ezingama-38: wamukela iqabunga emizini futhi, ngokwawo, awuthengi iqabunga lezinye izintaba.

**6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa Ngomlomo:**

Izincazelo ezingezansi zithathwe encazelweni yesifunda, ezincwadini zetiye naserekhodini lokunambitha «amatiye ayisishiyagalombili ase-Zhenyuan» engosini yetiye; akukho muntu ozibophezele ngokusemthethweni emkhiqizweni ongaphansi kophawu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Kuphuzi, kukhulu, kuyipuleti, kuyalingana; irekhodi lokunambitha lithatha lo mbala njengophawu olwaziwayo lwe-Kanpenqing. Ngokwalelo rekhodi, itiye linamandla ngesinambitheka, hhayi ngokubukeka, futhi ngamaphuzu okuhlola okujwayelekile alikhuphukeli phezulu.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Linamanzi (干香润) — ngokwerekhodi lokunambitha.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Isifunda sichaza itiye ngefomula ethi «厚重饱满，浓酽霸气» — «elikhulu neligcwele, eliminyene nelinamandla»; ingcaciso embhalweni — iphunga eliphezulu.
* **Isinambitheka:** Kumusha futhi kuvuselela, kuthambile ekwakhekeni, nokubuya okumnandi okuqhubekayo nokunambitheka okujulile ngemva (irekhodi lokunambitha). Incwadi ethi «Pu'er wenhua» ibiza i-Kanpenqing yendabuko ngokuthi inamandla kunawo wonke esifundeni: ubabayo buyahamba, kusale ubumnandi; kamuva, ngokwale ncwadi efanayo, lapha bafunda ukwenza itiye elino «bumnandi obufana noshukela weqhwa» (冰糖甘) ngomoya we-Bingdao. Umbhalo: umbono wokuqala — ubumnandi, iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside emlonyeni.
* **Umbala wotshala:** Kusagolide, kucacile (ingcaciso embhalweni); kukhanya futhi kugcwele (irekhodi lokunambitha).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elitheliwe):** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwawo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Uphawu alulishiwongo ikilasi; izinkomba ezingezansi — eze-sheng pu'er, okuchazwa ngayo itiye lendawo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 5–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye; elicindezelwe — lihlephule ngokucophelela, ungalichobozi iqabunga.
    3. Geza iqabunga kafushane ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachitha.
    4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–15.
    5. Thela konke.
    6. Yandisa isikhathi ngokuphisa ngakunye.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. I-sheng pu'er igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya ovunguzayo ngaphandle kokukhanya nephunga langaphandle, emaphaketheni aphefumulayo; ivame ukugcinwa iminyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ngokombhalo wohambo, ngo-2016 itiye lentwasahlobo lezihlahla ezindala zase-Kanpenqing lalithengiswa ngama-yuan angama-3000–5000 ngekhilogremu, kanti itiye lezingadi ezijwayelekile «ze-ecology» — ngama-yuan angama-200–600. I-«Pu'er wenhua» ibiza i-Kanpenqing njengendawo enentengo ephezulu kakhulu yetiye esifundeni. Ngokwemininingwane yombiko wango-2024, ngo-2023 inani letiye lemizi engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili emkhandlwini wasemakhaya wase-Wenkuan lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-30, kuwo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 aqhamuka emizini eyishumi nanye yomnyombo.

* **Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu «镇沅砍盆箐茶» futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Zhenyuan.
    * Khumbula ukuthi izihlahla ezindala zimbalwa lapha: irekhodi lokunambitha lithi ngokuqondile itiye elihle kakhulu lase-Kanpenqing kunzima ukulithola. Umthamo omkhulu ngentengo ephansi — isizathu sokusola.
    * Qhathanisa ukubukeka nezincazelo: iqabunga elikhulu eliphuzi, utshala obusagolide, isinambitheka esinamandla nokubuya okumnandi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Igama ledolobhana, ngokwenganekwane yendawo, laqhamuka ezitsheni zokugeza zokhuni ezazigedlwa lapha eziqu; igama lesibili, «砍船箐», — lisuka ezikebheni.
* Isihlahla ngasinye sezihlahla ezindala ezingama-896 zomnyombo sathola «iphasipoti» elinezixhumanisi negama lalowo osinakekelayo.
* Ngokwerekhodi lokunambitha, i-Kanpenqing ibonakala ngokubona kokuqala nangokugwinya kokuqala, kanti umbala weqabunga elomile «uhlukile kuyo yonke indawo».

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Angomakhelwane:**

* **Qianjiazhai ne-Bada ([千家寨](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qianjiazhai-bada) · 巴达):** Isihloko se-encyclopedia yethu ngezihlahla zasendle ezingokhokho; isihlahla sase-Qianjiazhai sikhula esifundeni esifanayo, ezintabeni zase-Ailao.
* **Bingdao Laozhai ([冰岛老寨](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bingdao-laozhai)):** Isilinganiso so «bumnandi bukashukela weqhwa», okwakulingana naso izingcweti zalapha, ngokwencwadi ethi «Pu'er wenhua».
* **Nanjian Wuliangshan Hongcha ([南涧无量山红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanjian-wuliangshan-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu elisuka ohlangothini olufanayo lwe-Wuliangshan, isihloko sochungechunge.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Zhenyuan Kanpenqing Cha — uphawu lwedolobhana elincane lasehlathini ezintabeni zase-Wuliangshan: 1910 m, izihlahla ezindala ezingama-896 ezibhalisiwe, iqabunga elikhulu eliphuzi kanye netiye isifunda esilibiza ngokuthi eliminyene nelinamandla, kanti abanolwazi — ngokuthi linamandla kakhulu futhi libiza kakhulu e-Zhenyuan. Uphawu lwaziwa kuphela ngomugqa wohlu lwesifundazwe, ikilasi alulishiwongo, ngakho konke okunye kusekelwe ezincazelweni zesifunda nasezincwadini zetiye.