---
title: "Zhèng'ān báichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/zheng-an-baicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Zhèng'ān báichá (正安白茶)

**I-Zheng'an Baicha** (*Zhèng'ān báichá*, 正安白茶) — itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseZheng'an (正安县) emkhandlwini wedolobha waseZunyi enyakatho yesifundazwe saseGuizhou, elenziwa ngehlumela elinamaqabunga amhlophe **白叶一号** (*báiyè yī hào*). Igama liyakhohlisa: igama elithi "mhlophe" lapha alisho isigaba, kodwa lisho umbala weqabunga lasentwasahlobo. Ekuseni kwasentwasahlobo lolu hlobo lukhipha amahlumela acishe abe mhlophe, abese eba luhlaza lapho kufudumala, futhi kwenziwa ngawo itiye eliluhlaza ngokufakwa ekushiseni — ubuchwepheshe obufanayo nobokusetshenziswa endaweni yokuqala yase-Anji. Idokhumenti yophawu lwendawo yango-2011 ibeka konke ngokuningiliziwe ngeZheng'an: amalokishi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye, uhlobo lwehlumela, ukuphakama, izikhathi zokuvuna, ubuchwepheshe obunezinhlelo, ukubukeka kanye nomkhawulo wama-amino acid ongekho ngaphansi kuka-7 %.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*), elingavutshiwanga. Isigaba sinqunywa ubuchwepheshe obuvela kudokhumenti yophawu lwendawo: ukuvuthwa → **ukufakwa ekushiseni (杀青)** → ukomiswa kokuqala → ukomiswa kokugcina. Igama elithi "mhlophe" esihlokweni liwumbala wamaqabunga ohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe, hhayi isigaba esimhlophe.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2011) kanye nophawu lwendawo.
* **Indawo yokuvela:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州, *Guìzhōu*), umkhandlu wedolobha wase-Zunyi (遵义, *Zūnyì*), isifunda sase-Zheng'an (正安县, *Zhèng'ān Xiàn*). Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa amalokishi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye nezigodi: Fengyi (凤仪镇), Anchang (安场镇), Ruixi (瑞溪镇), Xinzhou (新州镇), Xiaoya (小雅镇), Miaotang (庙塘镇), Hexi (和溪镇), Tuping (土坪镇), Liudu (流渡镇), Gelin (格林镇), Zhongguan (中观镇), Lejian (乐俭乡), Xieba (谢坝乡), Shiping (市坪乡), Banzhu (班竹乡), Fuyan (桴焉乡), Bifeng (碧峰乡), Yangxing (杨兴乡) kanye ne-Jianping (俭坪乡).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda sase-Zheng'an cishe siku-28.6° enyakatho no-107.4° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Uhlobo oluvela e-Anji.** 白叶一号 luwuhlobo olufanayo nolwe-Anji Baicha eZhejiang; umlando walo uchazwe esihlokweni ngetiye lase-Anji.
    * **Ukufika eZheng'an.** Imithombo etholakele ayisho ukuthi uhlobo lwafika nini futhi kanjani eZheng'an.
    * **2011.** Ngomhla ka-12 Meyi, i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 69 yavikela i-Zheng'an Baicha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Isimemezelo esifanayo sivikela ne-ayiva yendawo (正安野木瓜).
    * **Uphawu.** Kubhaliswe ngokuhlukile uphawu lwendawo olunguNombolo 7620458; umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda sase-Zheng'an (贵州省正安县茶业协会), impahla — "itiye elimhlophe; itiye".
* **Igama:**
    * "Zheng'an" (正安) yigama lesifunda.
    * "Baicha" (白茶, *báichá*) lisho "itiye elimhlophe", ngokombala weqabunga lasentwasahlobo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Zheng'an iyisibonelo sendlela uhlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe lwaseZhejiang olwaba umkhiqizo ovikelwe wesifunda kwesinye isifundazwe. Igama elithi "baicha" lapha lime njengase-Anji: lichaza iqabunga, hhayi isigaba, futhi umthengi kufanele akwazi lokhu kusengaphambili.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** **白叶一号** — ngokudokhumenti yophawu lwendawo. Ubumhlophe beqabunga buncike ekushiseni: entwasahlobo, ngenkathi kubanda, iqabunga elincane cishe alikhiqizi i-chlorophyll futhi libukeka limhlophe, bese liba luhlaza lapho kufudumala. Ngakho ukuvuna kufushane: isigaba esimhlophe asihlali isikhathi eside.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ngokudokhumenti — **kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi**.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Kusukela ehlumeni elisanda kuvuleka elineqabunga elilodwa kuya ehlumeni elinamaqabunga amabili (一芽一叶初展至一芽二叶).
* **Ukutshalwa:** Ngokudokhumenti — ukusabalalisa ngezinqwembe; ukutshala kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMashi noma kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba; kungabi ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezingama-45 000 ngehektha; kungabi ngaphansi kwamathani angama-30 omanyolo wemvelo ovuthiwe ngehektha ngonyaka.
* **Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Imvelaphi evela emayunithi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye endawo; uhlobo — 白叶一号.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:**

* **Isifunda:** Isifunda esinezintaba enyakatho yeGuizhou.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshalwa:** Ngokudokhumenti — **500–1100 m**.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ebomvu noma ephuzi (红壤或黄壤), i-pH **5.0–6.5**, ukujula kongqimba **kungabi ngaphansi kuka-50 cm**, izinto eziphilayo **zingaphezu kuka-1.0 %**.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Imininingwane enembile ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izici:** Kulolu hlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe, izinga lokushisa lasentwasahlobo libaluleke ngaphezu kokujwayelekile: lincike ekutheni iqabunga lizoba mhlophe kangakanani nokuthi ukuvuna kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe ngokudokhumenti yophawu lwendawo: iqabunga elisha → ukuvuthwa → ukufakwa ekushiseni → ukomiswa kokuqala → ukomiswa kokugcina.

* **Iqabunga elisha (鲜叶 — *xiānyè*):** Ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamabili, livunwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
* **Ukuvuthwa (摊青 — *tānqīng*):** Uhlaka lwamaqabunga lungu-5–10 cm, amahora angu-6–8, kuphendulwa kanye ngokucophelela; iqabunga lilahlekelwa u-10–15 % womswakama.
* **Ukufakwa ekushiseni (杀青 — *shāqīng*):** Izinga lokushisa lekotishi lingu-200–250 °C; lesi sinyathelo simisa ama-enzyme futhi senza itiye libe luhlaza.
* **Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘 — *chūhōng*):** Cishe i-130 °C, uhlaka lungu-0.5 cm.
* **Ukomiswa kokugcina (焙干 — *bèigān*):** 80–100 °C; umswakama wetiye eliphelele — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %.

Akukho ukusongwa ohlwini: ngemuva kokufakwa ekushiseni iqabunga lomiswa ngezigaba ezimbili kuphela.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngokudokhumenti; kuqala kuboniswe ibanga eliphezulu kakhulu (特级), kubakaki kuboniswe ibanga lokuqala (一级):

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Amaqabunga awugqinsi futhi aqondile (条索肥壮，挺直; ebangeni lokuqala — 尚肥壮、挺直); umbala umhlophe omuhle, "uqweqwe lweqhwa" (色泽嫩白，雪亮; ebangeni lokuqala — 嫩白).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Akukho ncazelo ehlukile.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Liphezulu futhi lijulile (高香、浓郁; ebangeni lokuqala — 高香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kumnandi, kuthambile, kusha (甘醇，清爽; ebangeni lokuqala — 甘醇).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Uluhlaza, unomsoco (绿润; ebangeni lokuqala — uluhlaza okusha, 鲜绿).
* **Izansi yetiye (iqabunga elenziwe):** Lithambile, likhanya (柔软、明亮; ebangeni lokuqala — 柔软、匀亮).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Idokhumenti ibeka imingcele emibili yemizimba:

* **Ama-amino acid:** **angabi ngaphansi kuka-7.0 %**.
* **Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini:** **zingabi ngaphansi kuka-38 %**.

Umkhawulo ophezulu wama-amino acid uyisici esiyinhloko samakhemikhali salo mkhiqizo ngokudokhumenti. Imininingwane nge-polyphenols ne-caffeine yetiye laseZheng'an ngokuqondile ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokuqondile. Idokhumenti ibeka ama-amino acid aphezulu njengophawu lwekhwalithi, hhayi njengempahla yezempilo, futhi angifinyeleli eziphethweni ngezinzuzo kulelinani lapha.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe; azikho izincomo ezihlukile kudokhumenti.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi yeglasi — iqabunga liyavuleka futhi lime emanzini, — noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Thela amanzi amancane, vumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engama-20–30.
    4. Gcwalisa amanzi; ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzu engu-1–2.
    5. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
    6. Ukuphisa kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kupakishwe ngokuvalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Itiye lenkathi ethile, akudingeki ukuguga: ubumhlophe nephunga kuyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo noma uphawu lwe "正安白茶" ekupakisheni.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela kwelinye lamayunithi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye endawo.
    * Khumbula ukuthi leli itiye **eliluhlaza** elifakwe ekushiseni. Iqabunga elivuthiwe ngaphandle kokufakwa ekushiseni, njengasetiyeni elimhlophe, liyisigaba esihlukile futhi akulona lo mkhiqizo.
    * Iqabunga — liwugqinsi, liqondile, likhanya, cishe limhlophe; utshwala bumnandi futhi buthambile.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Uhlobo lufana nolwe-Anji Baicha, kodwa iZheng'an inedokhumenti yayo: ukuphakama kwayo, izikhathi zayo kanye nemikhawulo yayo.
* Idokhumenti idinga ama-amino acid angabi ngaphansi kuka-7 %.
* Akukho ukusongwa kubuchwepheshe: ngemuva kokufakwa ekushiseni iqabunga lomiswa ngezigaba ezimbili.
* Ubumhlophe beqabunga buwumphumela wezinga lokushisa: isihlahla esifanayo ehlobo sikhiqiza iqabunga eliluhlaza elijwayelekile.
* Isimemezelo sango-2011 savikela kanyekanye itiye kanye ne-ayiva yendawo.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **I-Anji Baicha ([安吉白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anji-baicha)):** Umsuka — uhlobo olufanayo nobuchwepheshe obufanayo; iZheng'an iyigatsha layo laseGuizhou elinezidingo zalo.
* **I-Fuling Baicha ([涪陵白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fuling-baicha)):** Itiye laseChongqing elinegama elifanayo elithi "baicha", eliqanjwe ngeqabunga elincane elikhanyayo; isigaba salo ngokudokhumenti asikatholakali.
* **I-Meitan Cuiya ([湄潭翠芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meitan-cui-ya)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lomkhandlu ofanayo waseZunyi — liyisicaba futhi alenziwa ngohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Zheng'an Baicha itiye eliluhlaza elinegama "elimhlophe", futhi into ebalulekile ngayo ukunemba kwedokhumenti. Kuyo kukhona konke okudingekayo: uhlobo 白叶一号, amalokishi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye, ukuphakama okungu-500–1100 m, ukuvuna kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, ukufakwa ekushiseni ngaphandle kokusongwa, ama-amino acid angabi ngaphansi kuka-7 %. Enkomishini lokhu kuyiqabunga eliwugqinsi elikhanyayo, iphunga eliphezulu nelijulile kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi nokuthambile — itiye lamaqabunga amhlophe lase-Anji, elizinze ezintabeni ezisenyakatho yeGuizhou.