---
title: "I-Yunnan Red Mao Feng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yun-nan-hong-mao-feng
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-31
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# I-Yunnan Red Mao Feng (云南红毛峰, yún nán hóng máo fēng)

I-Yunnan Red Mao Feng (云南红毛峰, Yúnnán hóng máofēng) iyisitayela setiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan lomndeni we-dianhong ([滇红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong), Diānhóng), elibonakala ngobuningi boboya obusagolide ezihlangeni kanye neqabunga eligoqiwe neligobile, elimile okwesiqongo sentaba; yingakho igama elithi "maofeng" (毛峰, máofēng — "isiqongo esinoboya"). Amasampula akudala alesi sitayela ahlotshaniswa nesifunda sase-Fengqing (凤庆, Fèngqìng) esifundeni sase-Lincang ([临沧](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lincang), Líncāng) eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Yunnan — indawo okwazalelwa kuyo yonke i-dianhong. Impahla eluhlaza isetshenziswa uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwesihlahla setiye sase-Yunnan, olucebe ngama-polyphenol, okunikeza ukumnika okuminyene okunamathoni oju kanye ne-malt. Ngokungafani ne-dianhong egundiwe ekhishwa ngobuningi, i-Mao Feng ivunwa emahlumela amancane futhi ihlukaniswa njengamatiye abomvu amaqabunga aphelele ohlobo lwe-gongfu. Namuhla yaziswa njengommeleli ocacile futhi otholakala kalula wesiko letiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan.

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**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** itiye elibomvu (eli-oxidized ngokuphelele) — 红茶 (hóngchá).
* **Umndeni:** itiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan i-dianhong (滇红, Diānhóng).
* **Uhlobo oluncane:** itiye elibomvu elinamaqabunga aphelele le-gongfu (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá).
* **Isitayela/ibanga:** i-maofeng (毛峰, máofēng) — isivuno esihle, esicebe nge-tips eneqabunga eligobile.
* **Imvelaphi:** isifunda sase-Fengqing (凤庆, Fèngqìng), isifunda sase-Lincang (临沧, Líncāng), isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), i-PRC.
* **Impahla eluhlaza:** uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwase-Yunnan (云南大叶种, Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng), e-Fengqing — inani lendawo "i-Fengqing enamahlamvu amakhulu" (凤庆大叶种, Fèngqìng dàyèzhǒng).

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi "i-maofeng" uma kukhulunywa ngetiye elibomvu akusona isigaba esihlukile esimiswe ngokusemthethweni, kodwa igama lesitayela kanye nezinga lokuvuna: ihlumela elihle, uboya obuningi bezihlanga, umumo ogobile oqaphile. Ngokokuhlukaniswa, itiye lingele-gongfu ebomvu, lezo ezichazwa e-China ngamazinga kazwelonke ochungechunge lwe-GB/T 13738 ngetiye elibomvu. Itiye elibomvu lase-Fengqing linesikhundla somkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo.

Kuhlu lwamanani, indawo ibhalwe ngokuthi 云南风庆红毛峰#1. Lapha u-风庆 umbhalo oyiphutha ovamile wegama lendawo 凤庆 (Fèngqìng): uhlamvu lwesiShayina 凤 (fèng, "i-phoenix") luvame ukushintshwa ngolumsindo ofanayo u-风 (fēng, "umoya"). Iphawu "#1" yibanga lomthengisi, hhayi isiqinisekiso sesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu.

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**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Ukuzalwa kwe-dianhong:** 1939, iqoqo lokuqala lokuhlola.
* **Umsunguli:** u-Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, Féng Shàoqiú), obizwa ngokuthi "uyise we-dianhong" (滇红之父, Diānhóng zhī fù).
* **Indawo:** isifunda sase-Fengqing, esanikezwa igama elithi "ikhaya le-dianhong" (滇红之乡, Diānhóng zhī xiāng).

Itiye elibomvu lafika e-Yunnan sekwephuzile: kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1930, isifundazwe sasaziwa kakhulu ngempahla eluhlaza enamahlamvu amakhulu yetiye eliluhlaza netiye elicindezelwe. Ngo-1938, uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe u-Feng Shaoqiu, ngokomyalelo wenkampani yamatiye yaseShayina, wafika e-Yunnan efuna izinto zetiye elibomvu elithunyelwa ngaphandle futhi endaweni eyayiyisifunda sase-Shunning ngaleso sikhathi (顺宁, Shùnníng) wathola izitshalo eziningi zamahlamvu amakhulu ezifanele ukwenza i-oxidation ephelele. Ngo-1939, bakhulula iqoqo lokuqala letiye elibomvu lapho, elaqanjwa ngokuthi i-dianhong — lisuselwa ku-滇 (Diān, igama lasendulo lase-Yunnan) kanye no-红 (hóng, "okubomvu"). Isifunda sase-Shunning saqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Fengqing ngo-1954.

Ngeminyaka yempi, leli tiye lathunyelwa ngaphandle nge-Hong Kong futhi laletha izwe uhlobo lwemali lwangaphandle, okwaqinisa idumela lendawo njengesikhungo se-dianhong. Isitayela se-"maofeng" savela kamuva njengendlela yokwethula isivuno esibucayi kakhulu, esicebe ngezihlanga ezisagolide ngendlela yamaqabunga aphelele; igama lomumo ngokwalo lihlanganiswe nesiko lamatiye aluhlaza.

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**3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Uhlobo:** Camellia sinensis var. assamica — uhlobo lwase-Assam (amahlamvu amakhulu).
* **Inani:** 云南大叶种 (Yúnnán dàyèzhǒng), e-Fengqing — i-Fengqing enamahlamvu amakhulu (凤庆大叶种, Fèngqìng dàyèzhǒng).
* **Indinganiso yokuvuna:** isihlanga esineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (一芽一叶 / 一芽二叶, yīyá yīyè / yīyá èryè).
* **Uboya:** uboya obusiliva obuminyene (毫, háo) ezihlangeni, okuthi ngemva kwe-oxidation bube yigolide (金毫, jīnháo).

Uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwase-Yunnan lubonakala ngeplate yamaqabunga ebanzi, eminyene, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kanye nezinto ezikhishwayo ezikhiphekayo. Ubuningi boboya bezihlanga empahleni eluhlaza emincane bunikeza "i-golden tips" yesici se-maofeng eqediwe futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu kunquma iphunga layo kanye nokuthamba.

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**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** isifunda sase-Fengqing, isifunda sase-Lincang, intshonalanga ye-Yunnan.
* **Ukuphakama kwamasimu:** cishe ukusuka ku-1000 kuya ku-2000 m kanye nangaphezulu ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
* **Izixhumanisi (isikhungo sokuphatha):** cishe u-24.6° N no-99.9° E.
* **Isimo sezulu:** i-subtropical monsoon, efudumele, enenkathi emanzi ecacile.
* **Imihlaba:** imihlaba ebomvu kanye nemihlaba ye-lateritic, ecebe nge-iron.
* **I-Hydrology:** umfula we-Lancang (澜沧江, Láncāng jiāng), oshintsha ube yi-Mekong emfuleni ophansi.

Indawo enezintaba, ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku, kanye nenkungu evamile kunomthelela ekukhuleni okunensayo kwamahlumela kanye nokuqongelela izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi. Ngaphandle kwe-Fengqing, i-dianhong ikhiqizwa e-Baoshan (保山, Bǎoshān), e-Dehong (德宏, Déhóng), nase-Xishuangbanna ngesikhungo sayo e-Menghai ([勐海](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meng-hai), Měnhǎi), kodwa i-Fengqing ngokomlando ibhekwa njengendawo eyisibonelo.

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**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

* **Ukushwaphalisa (萎凋, wěidiāo):** ukushwaphalisa kweqabunga ukuze kulahlekelwe ingxenye yomswakama futhi linikezwe ukunwebeka.
* **Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn):** ukubhidliza kwamangqamuzana nokwakheka kweqabunga eligosiwe, ukuqalisa i-oxidation.
* **Ukuvutshelwa-oxidation (发酵, fājiào):** ukukhululwa lapho izinga lokushisa nomswakama kulawulwa kuze kuvele ithoni elibomvu lethusi kanye nephunga lesici.
* **Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào):** ukumisa ama-enzyme nokuqinisa umumo kanye nephunga.

Lena indlela yezigaba ezine evamile yetiye elibomvu le-gongfu. Ngesitayela se-maofeng, ukugoqa ngokucophelela nokuhlunga kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bezihlanga kanye noboya obusagolide. Ngemva kokomiswa, itiye lihlungwa ngosayizi, ubumsulwa, kanye nengxenye ye-tips; kungalesi sigaba lapho kuhlukaniswa izingxenyana ezinhle, ezicebe ngezihlanga.

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**6. Izici Ezithinta Izitho Zomzimba:**

* **Iqabunga elomile:** limnyama, elinsundu-nsundu, elinezihlanga eziningi ezisagolide; umumo ogobile, osongeke kancane.
* **Ukumnika:** okusobala, okubomvu okukhanyayo nokusawolintshi, ngokuvamile kunomphetho osagolide ezindongeni.
* **Iphunga:** loju, le-malt, elinemisindo yezithela ezomisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi i-cocoa noma amanothi ezimbali.
* **Ukunambitheka:** kumnandi, kuthambile, nokugcwala kwe-malt kanye nethoni elula yebhatata elibhakwe; ukubaba kulinganiselayo uma kugxishwe ngokucophelela.
* **Iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe:** elilinganayo, elibomvu lethusi, elinwebekayo.

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**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-Polyphenol:** empahleni eluhlaza entsha yohlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu aphawuleka njengaphezulu, ngokulinganiselayo 30–36%; ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oxidation ephelele ingxenye enkulu iyashintshwa.
* **Imikhiqizo ye-Oxidation:** ama-theaflavin (茶黄素, cháhuángsù) — ngenxa yokukhanya "nomphetho osagolide"; ama-thearubigin (茶红素, cháhóngsù) — ngenxa yombala nokuminyana; izinto ze-theabrownin (茶褐素, cháhèsù).
* **I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn):** ngokulinganiselayo 3–5%.
* **Ama-Amino Acid:** ngokulinganiselayo 2–4%, kuhlanganise ne-theanine (茶氨酸, chá'ānsuān).
* **Okunye:** ushukela oncibilikayo kanye nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi, ezakha ubumnandi kanye neqoqo.

Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kokuqala kwama-polyphenol empahleni eluhlaza yamahlamvu amakhulu yase-Yunnan kuyimbangela yokunotha kokumnika. Ibhalansi yama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin ngezinga elikhulu inquma ikhwalithi: ukweqisa kwezinto ze-theabrownin kwenza ukumnika kube buthuntu, kanti ingxenye eyanele yama-theaflavin inikeza umbala ophilayo, okhanyayo.

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**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

* **Isimo sokufudumala:** ekudleni kwendabuko kwamaShayina, itiye elibomvu libhekwa njengeziphuzo "ezifudumele".
* **Ama-antioxidant:** ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin anomsebenzi oqinile wokulwa nama-oxidant.
* **Ukunethezeka kokugaya ukudla:** ukumnika okufudumele kuvame ukuphuzwa ngemva kokudla okunzima.
* **Ukuvuka okuthambile:** ukukhuthazwa okulinganiselayo ngenxa ye-caffeine.

Izici ezinikeziwe zivamile futhi azithathi indawo yezincomo zezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine, abantu abazwelayo kufanele bakhawule amandla futhi bangaphuzi itiye ebusuku; ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangezimo ezingapheli, ukuqapha kufanelekile.

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**9. Ukugxisha:**

* **Isitsha:** i-gaiwan, i-teapot ye-porcelain noma yobumba enezindonga ezincane; ingilazi iyamukeleka.
* **Amanzi:** athambile, anamaminerali aphansi.
* **Izinga lokushisa:** 90–95 °C ngokunikezela okuvamile; nge-maofeng emnene ene-tips, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa 85–90 °C, ukuze kungakhishwa ukubaba.
* **Isilinganiso (i-gongfu):** cishe 4–5 g nge-100 ml.
* **Isilinganiso (ngendlela yaseYurophu):** 3–4 g nge-250–300 ml.
* **Ukugeza:** okufushane, ngokuzikhethela, imizuzwana embalwa nje.

Esimweni se-gongfu, kwenziwa uchungechunge lokuthulula okufushane: okokuqala — imizuzwana embalwa, ngemva kwalokho isikhathi sandiswa kancane kancane; i-maofeng enhle ikwazi ukumelana nokugxishwa oku-5–8. Uma igxishwa ku-teapot noma enkomishini, imizuzu engu-2–3 yanele. Iphuzu elibalulekile — ukungawashisi amanzi ngokweqile nokungaliyekeli iqabunga isikhathi eside: ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol, amaphutha asheshe aveze ukubaba nokuhwamuka.

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**10. Ukugcina:**

* **Isitsha:** esivalekayo, esingabonisi (ithini, isikhwama se-foil esinokucindezela).
* **Izimo:** ukuphola, ubumnyama, ukoma, ukungabikho kwephunga langaphandle.
* **Isikhathi esifanele:** ngokulinganiselayo izinyanga eziyi-12–24.

Njenge-tiye eli-oxidized ngokuphelele, i-dianhong-maofeng izinze kakhulu kune-green futhi ayidingi isiqandisi, kodwa iphunga layo elihle liyafiphala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokungafani ne-puer, leli tiye alihloselwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ukuze "liguge"; ngokugcinwa okufanele, ukuthamba okuncane kokunambitheka kungenzeka, kodwa kungcono ukulichaza ngonyaka wokuqala noma uhhafu.

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**11. Intengo kanye Nembumbulu:**

* **Isigaba:** ukusuka kwesabelomali kuya kwesimaphakathi.
* **Inkomba ngokwamabanga:** i-dianhong yase-Fengqing yansuku zonke ibiza kancane; intengo ikhuphuka ngenani lezihlanga eziphelele kanye ne-tips esagolide, ubumsulwa besivuno, kanye nokuphakama kwamasimu.

Igama elithi "#1" ohlwini lwamanani — ibanga langaphakathi lomthengisi, hhayi uphawu lwekhwalithi ephakeme: ngaphansi kwalo ngokuvamile kuthengiswa impahla eqinile eyisisekelo noma esezingeni eliphakathi. Ukukhohlisa okuvame kakhulu — ukwethulwa kwengxenyana encane, ephukile noma yezinga eliphansi "njenge-maofeng", ukuxutshwa kwempahla eluhlaza evela kwezinye izindawo ngaphansi kwegama lase-Fengqing, kanye nokunukisa ngokwenziwa ukuze kulingiswe amanothi oju.

Ungazibheka kanjani: i-golden tips yemvelo — yibo oboya bezihlanga, hhayi ukudaywa; ukumnika kufanele kube sobala futhi kukhanye, hhayi kudidekile futhi "kuthule"; iphunga — limnandi, le-oju ne-malt, ngaphandle kwemisindo yamakhemikhali, ebolile noma ebhemayo ecacile. Kuyasiza ukuhlikihla isihlanga esimanzi ngeminwe: umbala owa khona noma ongcolisayo ukhomba ukufakwa kombala. Iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe le-maofeng yekhwalithi lilinganayo, libomvu lethusi futhi liphelele ngokwanele.

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**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* **Igama elidala lesifundazwe:** ingxenye 滇 (Diān) egameni elithi "dianhong" isukela embusweni wasendulo wase-Dian futhi isebenza njengokubizwa kwenkondlo kwe-Yunnan.
* **Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwesifunda:** ikhaya le-dianhong yokuqala lalibizwa ngokuthi i-Shunning (顺宁, Shùnníng) futhi lathola igama elithi Fengqing kuphela ngo-1954.
* **Isihlahla sasendulo:** e-Fengqing, isihlahla setiye esidala esitshaliwe i-Xiangzhuqing (香竹箐, Xiāngzhúqìng) saziwa, ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Jinxiu — ukhokho wetiye" (锦绣茶祖, Jǐnxiù cházǔ); ubudala baso bulinganiselwa njengobuphezulu kakhulu, nakuba izilinganiso zehluka kakhulu.
* **Impahla eluhlaza efanayo ne-puer:** isihlahla esifanayo samahlamvu amakhulu sisetshenziselwa ne-puer, kodwa lapha sithathwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu be-oxidation ephelele.
* **Igama lomumo elihlanganisiwe:** igama elithi "maofeng" lafika livela emhlabeni wamatiye aluhlaza futhi etiyeni elibomvu limaka isivuno esimnene, esicebe ngoboya.

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**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yunnan Red Mao Feng iyisithombe esaziwayo se-dianhong: iqabunga elimnyama elinezihlanga ezisagolide, ukumnika okubomvu okukhanyayo, kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile kwe-oju ne-malt, okugxilile ku-terroir yase-Fengqing nasezicini zohlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwase-Yunnan. Ihlala endaweni ekahle phakathi kwetiye elikhulu eligundiwe namabanga abizayo e-tips yezihlanga, ihlala iqondakala kumuntu osanda kuqala kanye nakumthandi onolwazi.

Ekuthengeni, kunengqondo ukungabheki ezimpawini eziqhakazile zamabanga, kodwa ezimpawini zangempela: ubumsulwa besivuno, i-tips yemvelo esagolide, ukusobala kokumnika, kanye nephunga elimnandi, hhayi lokwenziwa. Uma ligxishwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile noma ukugxishwa isikhathi eside, leli tiye liyazembula ngokulinganayo nangokubikezelwayo — futhi kulokhu kuthembeka okuqotho, kwasekhaya lapho kukhanga kwalo okuyinhloko.