---
title: "Yǒngshùn méichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongshun-meicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yǒngshùn méichá (永顺莓茶)

**I-Yongshun Meicha** (*Yǒngshùn [méichá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meicha)*, 永顺莓茶) yisiseli sokudla sasesifundeni sase-Yongshun (永顺县) e-Xiangxi Tujia nase-Miao Autonomous Prefecture enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hunan. Isidalwa esisetshenziswayo akulona iqabunga letiye, kodwa amahlumela amancane kanye namaqabunga omvini we-显齿蛇葡萄 (*Ampelopsis grossedentata*); ngokolimi lwansuku zonke ubizwa ngokuthi "itiye lomvini" (藤茶, *téngchá*). Uphawu lomkhiqizo yisambulela esimhlophe-siliva eqabungeni elomile, "isithwathwa" (白霜, *báishuāng*): lokhu yi-dihydromyricetin ephume ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Igama livikelwe njengesibonakaliso sezolimo sokuma komhlaba kusukela ngo-2020 futhi njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba kusukela ngo-2025.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akulona itiye ngomqondo webhotani futhi akulona elinye lamakilasi ayisithupha etiye laseShayina; igama elithi 茶 egameni lingolwimi lwabantu.
* **Isigaba:** Isiselo esingaveli esitshalweni setiye; isibonakaliso sezolimo (2020) kanye nomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba (2025).
* **Isimo sokudla:** Ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 16 samhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela 2013, ikomidi likahulumeni lezempilo lavuma iqabunga le-显齿蛇葡萄 njengesidalwa esisha sokudla, indlela yokusebenzisa ukuphisa. Umbiko wezindaba wokufakwa kwesitshalo ngo-2019 ohlwini "lwemithi nokudla okunomsuka owodwa" (药食同源) awuqinisekiswanga ngombhalo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), isifunda sase-Xiangxi (湘西, *Xiāngxī*), isifunda sase-Yongshun.
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwesimemezelo sika-2025 — imizana engu-122 ezifundeni eziyishumi nanye kanye namadolobhana: Maoba (毛坝乡), Runya (润雅乡), Wanping (万坪镇), Shouche (首车镇), Shaba (砂坝镇), Cheping (车坪乡), Wanmin (万民乡), Tawo (塔卧镇), Yanjing (盐井乡), Liangcha (两岔乡), Shidi (石堤镇).
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba:** 109°38′59″–110°13′34″ empumalanga, 28°55′40″–29°27′13″ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane.** Imithombo yezindaba yase-Hunan ibhala ukuthi ku-"Shijing" isitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-hook-vine yasendulo yetiye" (古茶钩藤), ukuthi ngesikhathi sama-Tang sasiphuzwa njengomuthi, futhi ngesikhathi sama-Ming ababusi bendlalifa bama-tusi (土司) babesithumela enkantolo njengentela. Imithombo yokuqala yalezi zimangalo ayizange inikezwe ezintweni ezitholakele.
    * **Ama-1990.** Ngokwe-Baidu reference, abalimi bashintsha ukusuka ekulungiseni emanzini abilayo (水煮杀青) baya ekulungiseni ebhodweni (锅炒杀青), futhi i-meicha yaphuma emakethe; ngokwe-"Hunan Daily", ngo-1991 isifunda sasikhiqiza ngaphansi kwamatani amahlanu.
    * **2005.** Ngokwe-"Hunan Daily", kusukela ngomhla zingama-25 kuNcwaba i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ivikela njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba igama elithi "溪州莓茶" — uphawu isifunda esasilidala ngo-2004. Ukuthi lolu hlelo luhlobana kanjani nolwamanje, akuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele; ohlwini luka-2025 umugqa we-Yongshun meicha awusho lutho ngawo.
    * **2015.** Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Tujia meicha bafakwa ohlwini lwesikhombisa lwamagugu angenakuthintwa — ngokombhalo owodwa ka-2023 wesifunda, ngokomunye walowo nyaka wesifundazwe.
    * **2020.** Ngomhla zingama-30 kuMbasa igama labhaliswa njengesibonakaliso sezolimo. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwavela amazinga amathathu endawo — omkhiqizo, wokutshala kanye nowokucubungula; imithetho yokukhiqiza yethulwa esidlangalaleni nguprofesa womnyango wetiye we-Hunan Agricultural University. Ngomhla ziyi-18 kuLwezi i-China Tea Marketing Association yanikeza isifunda isiqu "sekhaya letiye lasendulo" (中国古莓茶之乡).
    * **2021.** I-Hunan Tea Society yakhipha izinga leqembu T/HNTI 041-2021.
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 640 se-State Intellectual Property Office (esasayinwa ngomhla ziyi-16 kuNtulikazi) igama laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba, indawo engu-969 kwezingu-1409. Umfakisicelo yisiteshi sokuhlakaza ubuchwepheshe sezitshalo zobuchwepheshe besifunda.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokwe-"Red Net", ukuthuthukiswa kwe-meicha, kuhlanganise nophawu lwe-"Sicheng gongcha" (司城贡茶), isifunda sakha phezu kwesiko lase-Laosicheng (老司城) — indawo yeGugu Lomhlaba; sezizwe zonke izinhlobo ze-meicha esifundeni, ngokwemininingwane yesifundazwe (2022), zingamashumi amabili.

**3. Incazelo Yebhotani kanye Nezidalwa:**

* **Isitshalo:** 显齿蛇葡萄 (*xiǎnchǐ shépútáo*, *Ampelopsis grossedentata*), uhlobo lwe-*Ampelopsis* lomndeni wamagilebhisi (葡萄科) — ngokwesimemezelo sika-2013. Umvini, hhayi isihlahla.
* **Uhlobo:** Azikho izinhlobo ezibhalisiwe emithonjeni etholakele. Engadini yakudala yase-Maoba, ngokombiko wesifundazwe (2022), kukhula izinhlobo "ezinkulu ze-mei" (大莓), "ezincane ze-mei" (小莓) kanye nohlobo oluyivelakancane "olunsomi" (紫莓), kanye nezitshalo ezimbili ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200.
* **Isizinda sasendle:** Ama-mu angu-3000 e-meicha yasendle e-Maoba — "ibhange lofuzo" lendawo ("Red Net", 2023); esifundeni sonke — ngaphezu kwama-mu angu-5000 (isifundazwe, 2022).
* **Ukuvuna:** Ngokwezimfuneko — kusukela maphakathi noMbasa kuya ekupheleni kwawo, amahlumela onyaka wamanje angadluli ubude obungu-10 cm; esitshalweni kushiywa amaqabunga angu-2–3, iqabunga lithwalwa kubhasikidi bomoba abangenisa umoya.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ingxenye emaphakathi yezintaba zase-Wulingshan (武陵山, *Wǔlíng shān*), izigodi zemifula i-Yuanshui ne-Lishui.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** **300–1000 m** — ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo; impahla eyodwa yokukhangisa ibiza u-500–1200 m.
* **Inhlabathi:** Izihlabathi eziphuzi-bomvu ezivundile: izinto eziphilayo zingaphezu kuka-2.5 %, i-pH 4.5–7.5, ungqimba olungekho ngaphansi kwama-70 cm.
* **Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngokwezimfuneko:** Izingodo ezivela emahlumeleni aqinile ezihlahleni ziqalwa ezindundumeni ngaphansi kwepulasitiki, zingekho ngaphezu kuka-3500 nge-mu; i-urea ayifakwa; ebusika isitshalo sinqunywa ku-40 cm, ngemva kweminyaka engu-8–10 yokuvuna ingadi itshalwa kabusha.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Uhlu lokusebenza ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo ovikelwe:

1.  **Ukuphumula kweqabunga (鲜叶摊放, *xiānyè tānfàng*):** Ngongqimba olucishe lube ngu-10 cm ngomoya, kuze kushabalale iphunga lotshani.
2.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Kuze kube nesambulela esimhlophe esiningi, iqabunga libe phuzi futhi umswakama ube cishe ngu-50 %.
3.  **Ukugoqa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Iqabunga elishisayo livalwa esikhwameni sendwangu futhi liguqulwa ngomshini ngengcindezi emaphakathi kuze kuphume ijusi.
4.  **Ukuvubela (闷青, *mènqīng*):** Izigaxa ziyahlukaniswa futhi ziphinde zigcinwe esikhwameni amahora angu-4–6, kuze kuvele isambulela.
5.  **Ukomisa kancane kanye "nokuveza isithwathwa" (摊晾起霜, *tānliàng qǐshuāng*):** Emthunzini kuze kome ngo-60–70 %, bese kuba ngaphansi kwelanga elihlakazekile kuze kube ngu-80–90 %.
6.  **Ukuveza iphunga (提香, *tíxiāng*):** Imizuzu engu-25 ku-80 °C, kuze umswakama ungadluli u-8 %.

Izinga leqembu lango-2021 libiza izigaba ngendlela ehlukile — ngokugazinga esigubhini (滚炒) kanye "nokuvubela kuze kube phuzi" (闷黄) — futhi lichaza isambulela ngokuphuma kwe-dihydromyricetin phezu kweqabunga.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa:**

Incazelo — ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo ovikelwe zika-2025.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imichilo emincane eqinile egoqiwe futhi elinganayo, lonke elimbozwe isambulela esimhlophe (条索紧细、卷曲、匀齐，白霜满披); ngokwezinga leqembu — imhlophe-siliva.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lesiselo:** Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lide (香气清悦高长).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele, kuthambile, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味醇厚回甘).
* **Umbala wesiselo:** Uphuzi, ukhanya futhi ucacile (汤色黄亮清澈).
* **Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Liphuzi ngobumnene futhi likhanya (叶底嫩黄明亮).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izimfuneko zomkhiqizo: ama-flavonoids (黄酮) angaphansi kuka-3.5 %, i-dihydromyricetin (二氢杨梅素) ingaphansi kuka-25 %. I-dihydromyricetin ngokwayo ingeyama-flavonoids, ngakho ukuthi izinga layo elingaphezulu kuneloku jikelele kubukeka kuxakile; lokhu akuchazwanga embhalweni. Imininingwane nge-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walo mkhiqizo ngqo. Izithembiso zokwelapha ezivela ezintweni zokukhangisa aziphindwanga lapha.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Azikho izindlela zalokhu kuphisa emithonjeni etholakele; ngezansi kukhona imingcele evamile yesiselo semifino esivela eqabungeni eligoqiwe.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–100 °C.
* **Inani:** 2–3 g nge-150–200 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yengilazi, i-gaiwan noma itiye le-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:** Isiselo sokuqala — imizuzu engu-2–3, bese kuba nokuthelwa okuningana ngokwengeza isikhathi.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Izimfuneko zibeka ukupakishwa okuvalekile nokuhlanzekile ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni nasemswakameni kanye nezinga lokushisa legumbi. Isambulela esimhlophe siyisici sesidalwa, hhayi isikhunta.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Awekho amanani okudayisa emithonjeni etholakele. Isikali ngokwemibiko esemthethweni sakhula ngokushesha: ama-mu angu-61,000 kanye namatani angu-915 ngo-2022 (isifundazwe), ngaphezu kwama-mu angu-110,000, amatani angu-2100 kanye nama-yuan acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-700 ngo-2023 (imithombo yezindaba yase-Hunan).

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba kanye nokubhalwa kwesibonakaliso sezolimo; ngo-2023 izindawo zokukhiqiza zazimakwe ngezingcwecwe ezifanayo.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungomunye wezifunda eziyishumi nanye noma amadolobhana endawo: isiphuzo esivela emvinini ofanayo senziwa nasesifundeni sase-Zhangjiajie, kanye nasesifundeni sase-Laifeng e-Hubei.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Isimemezelo esisodwa esingu-No. 640 saqaphela ama-meicha amabili ase-Hunan: i-[茅岩莓茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/maoyan-meicha) yase-Zhangjiajie (indawo engu-916) kanye ne-Yongshun (indawo engu-969).
* Isambulela ezimfunekweni yisilinganiso senqubo: ukuvela kwaso kusho ukuthi ukulungisa nokuvubela kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Iziselo Ezingaveli Esihlahleni Setiye:**

* **I-Laifeng Tengcha ([来凤藤茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/laifeng-tengcha)):** Isiselo esivela emvinini ofanayo esifundeni sase-Enshi esifundazweni sase-Hubei; ngemva kokugoqa iqabunga ligcinwa enqwabeni ngaphansi kwepulasitiki.
* **I-Maoyan Meicha (茅岩莓茶):** I-meicha evela emvinini ofanayo esifundeni sase-Yongding esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Zhangjiajie.
* **I-Zhangjiajie Cha ([张家界茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhangjiajie-cha)):** Itiye langempela lesifunda esingumakhelwane; kanye nalo kubhaliswe uphawu lwe-"张家界莓茶" esiphuzweni esivela emvinini ofanayo.
* **I-Xupu Yaocha ([溆浦瑶茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xupu-yaocha)):** "Itiye elimnandi" lase-Hunan elivela emaqabungeni esihlahla somndeni wama-beech, nawo umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yongshun Meicha yisiselo somvini sezintaba zase-Tujia Wulingshan, esingenalo nelilodwa iqabunga letiye, kodwa sinombhalo ovikelayo onemininingwane: indawo yezifunda eziyishumi nanye, ukusikwa kwezingodo, ukuvunwa kwamahlumela angu-10 cm, ukuvubela esikhwameni kanye nezinga le-dihydromyricetin. "Isithwathwa" esimhlophe-siliva emichilweni egoqiwe kanye nesiselo esiphuzi esicacile nobumnandi obubuyayo yizimpawu zaso. Leli "yitiye" ngomqondo womphakathi wegama, futhi akufanele lilinganiswe ngezilinganiso zetiye.