---
title: "Yǒngdìng shānchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongding-shancha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yǒngdìng shānchá (永定山茶)

**I-Yongding Shancha** (*Yǒngdìng shānchá*, 永定山茶) yi-wulong yesifunda sase-Yongding (永定区) kumasipala wedolobha i-Longyan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Fujian, emngceleni we-Guangdong. Igama elithi «Shancha» (山茶) kuleli gama lisho «itiye lasezintabeni». Ngokwerejista, umkhiqizo ogciniwe yi-wulong. Kusukela ngo-2019, leli gama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo. Ngalo lolo suku, umnikazi ofanayo wabhalisa uphawu lwesibili lwetiye lesifunda, i-«[永定乌龙茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongding-wulongcha)», nalo olwewulong. Imithombo etholakele ayichazi ukuthi le mikhiqizo emibili ihlukaniswa kanjani. Angizange ngithole izincazelo ezivulekile zetiye uqobo, izinhlobo zalo, ubuchwepheshe noma ukubukeka kwalo. Kunolwazi olwengeziwe ngalolu phawu kunangeqabunga laso.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-wulong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*). Ngokwerejista, kuhlelweni lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lo mkhiqizo ubhalwe njenge-«乌龙茶».
* **Isicupho segama:** Izazi zezitshalo zisebenzisa igama elithi 山茶 ukubiza i-camellia yase-Japan, kodwa uphawu lubhaliselwe i-wulong, futhi elithi «shancha» lapha lisho «itiye lasezintabeni».
* **Isigaba:** I-wulong yaseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Fujian enophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2019).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wedolobha i-Longyan (龙岩, *Lóngyán*), isifunda sase-Yongding (永定区, *Yǒngdìng qū*).
* **Indawo:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza isifunda sase-Yongding njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Angizange ngiwuthole umngcele wezomthetho wendawo kanye nemithetho yophawu. I-Yongding ayifakwanga ohlwini lwezifunda ezingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu zesifundazwe eziyisimemezelo se-Fujian Wulongcha ([福建乌龙茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fujian-wulongcha)), njengoba kushiwo embhalweni wethu ngalo.
* **Uhlelo lokuvikela:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) № 20593062, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo yi-wulong. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2026, uphawu lubhaliswe ngomhla zingama-28 kuSepthemba 2019. Umnikazi walo yi-Yongding District Ecological Agriculture Association yedolobha i-Longyan (龙岩市永定区生态农业协会), futhi ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda sase-Yongding cishe singu-24°23′–25°06′ N no-116°25′–117°05′ E (ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda).

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ngaphambi kophawu.** Awukho umlando obhaliwe waleli tiye emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **2014–2015.** Ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda, ngoDisemba 2014 uMkhandlu Wezwe wavuma ukuqeda isifunda sase-Yongding futhi udale esikhundleni saso isifunda sase-Yongding sedolobha i-Longyan. Ukuguqulwa kwaqala ukusebenza ngomhla zi-9 kuFebhuwari 2015. Emibhalweni yakudala indawo ibizwa nge-county.
    * **2019.** Ngomhla zingama-28 kuSepthemba, izimpawu ezimbili zomnikazi ofanayo zabhaliswa ngosuku olulodwa: i-«永定山茶» (№ 20593062) kanye ne-«永定乌龙茶» (№ 20730374). Zombili zingomkhiqizo othi «乌龙茶».
    * **2024–2025.** Iphephandaba i-«Fujian ribao» libhala ngezingadi zetiye ezisezintabeni zesifunda emadolobhaneni ase-Gaotou nase-Qiling (imininingwane isesigabeni sesi-4). Iphephandaba alikhulumi ngokuxhumeka kwalezi zingadi nophawu.
* **Igama:** Elithi «Yongding» (永定) yigama lesifunda. Elithi «shan» (山) lisho «intaba». Elithi «cha» (茶) lisho «itiye».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Yongding yaziwa ngama-hakka tulou, izindlu eziyinqaba ezakhiwe ngodaka. Ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda, amaqembu amakhulu e-tulou yi-Hongkeng (洪坑), i-Nanxi (南溪), i-Gaobei (高北) ne-Chuxi (初溪). Ngo-2008, ama-«Fujian tulou» afakwa ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba. Kubuye kuthiwe lapho i-«永定万应茶» yendawo ifakwe ohlwini lukazwelonke lwamagugu angaphatheki, kodwa lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yokwelapha, hhayi i-wulong. Imithombo etholakele ayixhumanisi uphawu lwe-«永定山茶» nama-tulou.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele. Angizange ngiyibone imithetho yophawu enohlu lwezinhlobo ezivunyelwe.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** Ayikho imfuneko yezinto ezingavuthiwe emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane yophawu emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Fujian. Ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda, i-Yongding imngceleni ne-county i-Nanjing, i-Pinghe ne-Shanghang, isifunda sase-Xinluo, futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga namadolobha ase-Guangdong i-Dabu ne-Meixian. Indawo yayo iyizintaba namagquma. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yi-Chiyantou (赤岩头), engamamitha ayi-1547.
* **Idolobhana lomnikazi:** Inhlangano engumnikazi ibhaliswe edolobhaneni lase-Hanyang (汉洋村) edolobhaneni lase-Hugang (虎岗镇). Ngokwesithenjwa sikahulumeni wesifunda, leli dolobhana lisesigodini sase-Hugang nase-Guanyang. Isiqongo i-Chiyantou siseGuanyang. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe lingu-18 °C, imvula icishe ibe ngama-1643 mm, nesikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinyanga eziyishumi. Isigodi sase-Guanyang siphakeme ngamamitha angama-650–850, nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushisa kwemini nasebusuku. Itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme ([高山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gao-shan-cha)) libizwa njengomunye wemikhakha emine emikhulu yezolimo yaleli dolobhana, kanye neplamu ye-furong, imifino engasasebenzi ngesizini kanye nogwayi.
* **Ezinye izindawo zetiye zesifunda:**
    * **I-Gaotou.** Ngokwe-«Fujian ribao» (2024), edolobhaneni lase-Gaodong ledolobhana lase-Gaotou (高头镇) kusungulwe ingadi yetiye evikela imvelo engu-2000 mu. Iphephandaba lichaza indawo njengephakeme, inenkungu unyaka wonke nemvula eningi.
    * **I-Qiling.** Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo (2025), edolobhaneni lase-Neikeng ledolobhana lase-Qiling (岐岭镇) ingadi yasezintabeni engaphezu kuka-500 mu isendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-800, kanti lonke idolobhana litshalwe itiye ngaphezu kuka-1000 mu.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Angizange ngiyithole imithetho yophawu nezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Amaphephandaba achaza ukukhiqizwa esifundeni, hhayi umkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu, futhi achaza izinto ezahlukene:

* **I-Gaotou (2024)** — ukulandelana kwe-wulong:
    1.  **Ukomiswa elangeni ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing), *shàiqīng*).**
    2.  **Ukunyakazisa (摇青, *yáoqīng*).**
    3.  **Ukugazinga — ukulungisa (炒青, *chǎoqīng*).**
    4.  **Ukusonta (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
    5.  **Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘, *chūhōng*).**
    6.  **Ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (打散, *dǎsàn*).**
    7.  **Ukomiswa kokugcina (烘干, *hōnggān*).**
* **I-Qiling (2025)** — ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), ukusonta, ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*) nokomiswa. Ngokombiko wephephandaba, kusukela eqabungeni eliluhlaza kuya etiyeni eliqediwe kuthatha amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Iphephandaba alisho ukuthi itiye likaliphi ikilasi, kodwa lolu hlu lwemisebenzi lujwayelekile etiyeni elibomvu.

Ngokwalokhu, esifundeni akwenziwa i-wulong kuphela. Akunakwaziwa emithonjeni etholakele ukuthi uphawu lwe-«永定山茶» lufuna ziphi izindlela.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa ngezitho zomzimba:**

Angizange ngiwubone umbhalo onezidingo zokubukeka.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elithe xaxa):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane yemvelo namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukwenziwa kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba se-wulong. Isitayela saleli tiye, esisha noma esicebile, asaziwa.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese ukhipha amanzi okuqala ngokushesha.
    3. Ukuphuza kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
    4. Kancane kancane andisa isikhathi ngokuphuza ngakunye.
    5. I-wulong enhle ikwazi ukumelana nokuphuzwa okuyisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga angaphandle. I-wulong egazingiwe yesitayela esicebile igcinwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. I-wulong entsha, engagazingwanga kakhulu, kungcono ukuyigcina endaweni ebandayo futhi iphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Indlela yokugwema umgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-«永定山茶» № 20593062. Umnikazi wulo yinhlangano yesifunda yezolimo evikela imvelo.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Yongding.
    * Khumbula ukuthi uphawu, ngokohlu, luvikela i-wulong kuphela.
    * Ungaphambanisi nophawu lwesibili lomnikazi ofanayo, i-«永定乌龙茶» (№ 20730374), nenhlanganisela yokwelapha i-«永定万应茶» kanye nophawu lwe-«永定茶油», olubhaliselwe uwoyela wokudla.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Isifunda sinezimpawu ezimbili zetiye, ezibhaliswe ngosuku olulodwa ngomnikazi ofanayo futhi zingomkhiqizo owodwa, i-wulong. Ukuthi «itiye lasezintabeni» lihluke kanjani ku-«wulong yase-Yongding», imithombo evulekile ayisho.
* Inombolo yophawu lwe-«永定乌龙茶» isohambweni olufanayo nezinombolo zezimpawu zesifunda ze-taro, i-persimmon eyomile, ugwayi ne-pomelo (20730372–20730376), nakuba zona zinomnikazi ohlukile. Inombolo ye-«永定山茶» iseceleni — 20593062.
* Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda, i-Chiyantou (1547 m), isedolobhaneni lase-Hugang, lapho umnikazi wophawu ebhaliswe khona.
* Igama elithi «itiye» livela egameni lomunye umkhiqizo ovikelwe wesifunda, i-«永定万应茶», kodwa lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yokwelapha enokuvikelwa kwayo (2012).

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye e-Longyan kanye nomakhelwane:**

* **I-Yongding Wulongcha (永定乌龙茶):** Uphawu lwesibili lwesifunda, umnikazi ofanayo, usuku olufanayo, umkhiqizo ofanayo. Umehluko wemikhiqizo awuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
* **I-Zhangping Shui Xian ([漳平水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhangping-shui-xian)):** I-wulong ecindezelwe yedolobha lase-Zhangping kumasipala ofanayo wase-Longyan.
* **I-Nanjing Tulou Cha ([南靖土楼茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanjing-tulou-cha)):** I-wulong yesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Nanjing, nayo indawo ye-tulou futhi nayo inophawu lwe-wulong (2022).
* **I-Wuping Lücha ([武平绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuping-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Wuping kumasipala ofanayo, ukuze kuqhathaniswe.
* **I-Fujian Wulongcha (福建乌龙茶):** Isimemezelo sesifundazwe esiyisambulela. I-Yongding ayifakwanga ohlwini lwendawo yayo.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yongding Shancha igama elivikelwe le-wulong yasezintabeni evela endaweni yama-tulou emngceleni we-Fujian ne-Guangdong. Imibhalo iqinisekisa uphawu № 20593062 kusukela ngo-2019, umnikazi walo kanye nomkhiqizo, i-wulong. Konke okunye okwamanje kuvaliwe. Amaphephandaba abhala ngezingadi zetiye ezisezintabeni zesifunda, e-Qiling endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-800, nangezindlela ezahlukene zokucubungula: eyewulong e-Gaotou futhi, ngokohlu lwemisebenzi, eyetiye elibomvu e-Qiling. Kodwa ukubukeka kwetiye ngaphansi kwalolu phawu kanye nomehluko walo ku-«永定乌龙茶» eseduze kusalindele imibhalo.