---
title: "Yǒngchūn Mǐnnán shuǐxiān"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongchun-minnan-shuixian
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yǒngchūn Mǐnnán shuǐxiān (永春闽南水仙)

**Yongchun Minnan Shuixian** (*Yǒngchūn Mǐnnán shuǐxiān*, 永春闽南[水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian)) — i-oolong yaseNingizimu Fujian evela ezinhlobeni ze-shuixian zesifunda saseYongchun (永春县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha laseQuanzhou, esifundazweni saseFujian. Lolu hlobo lwafika lapha luvela enyakatho: ngokombiko ku "Fujian Daily", phakathi neminyaka yeDaoquang isakhamuzi sasedolobhaneni laseXianxi emkhandlwini waseHuyang saletha izithombo ze-shuixian zivela eWuyishan futhi, ngokuhlanganisa indlela yokucubungula yasenyakatho neyaseningizimu, sakha "i-minnan shuixian". Isikole saseningizimu sihluke kwesasenyakatho ngokuthi i-oxidation ilula, ukugazingwa kulula, nokusontwa ngendwangu okwenza iqabunga ligobe, licishe libe yindilinga. Kusukela ngo-2009 igama livikelwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, oluphethwe yinhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-oolong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*) yesikole saseNingizimu Fujian (闽南, *Mǐnnán*). Kurejista yempahla yophawu ibhalwe ngokuthi «茶» — "itiye", ngaphandle kwesigaba; isigaba simiswe ngezincazelo ze-yongchun shuixian.
* **Isigaba:** I-oolong yaseNingizimu Fujian evela ezinhlobeni ze-shuixian; enye "yezimbali ezinhlanu zegolide" ze-fujian shuixian; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2009).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), umasipala wedolobha iQuanzhou (泉州, *Quánzhōu*), isifunda iYongchun (永春, *Yǒngchūn*). Indawo lapho, ngokwephephandaba, kwaqala khona i-shuixian yendawo, yidolobhana laseXianxi (仙溪村) emkhandlwini waseHuyang (湖洋镇).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza iYongchun njengendawo yomnikazi wophawu — inhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda saseYongchun (永春县茶叶同业公会), ikheli layo ohlwini libhalwe emkhandlwini waseYudou. Umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angizange ngiwubone.
* **Uhlelo lokuvikela:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-CNIPA № 6655469, isigaba 30, impahla — itiye; lubhaliswe mhla zingama-21 kuZibandlela 2009. Kuhlu lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza. Uhulumeni wesifunda ngo-2024 wabiza lolu phawu phakathi kwezimpawu zesitifiketi eziyisishiyagalombili zaseYongchun, eduze kweYongchun Foshou.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda iYongchun — cishe 25.2–25.6° N no-117.7–118.5° E.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Imvelaphi yohlobo.** I-Shuixian wuhlobo lwaseNyakatho Fujian. "Fujian Daily" (2025) ibiza idolobhana laseDahu emkhandlwini waseXiaohu esifundeni saseJianyang njengendawo yalo yokuzalwa.
    * **Iminyaka yeDaoquang.** Ngokwaleli phephandaba elifanayo, phakathi neminyaka yeDaoquang yobukhosi bakwaQing isakhamuzi sasedolobhaneni laseXianxi emkhandlwini waseHuyang ogama lakhe linguZheng Shibao (郑世报) saletha izithombo ze-shuixian zivela eWuyishan, sahlanganisa amasu aseNyakatho Fujian naseNingizimu Fujian futhi sakha i-minnan shuixian, eyaziwa "ngephunga elihlanzekile eliphezulu nokunambitheka okugcwele". Usuku oluqondile iphephandaba alilunikeli.
    * **2009.** Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi «永春闽南水仙» № 6655469; ngawo lowo nyaka inhlangano efanayo yathola uphawu «永春[佛手](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fo-shou)». Ohlwini lwesifundazwe ngaphambi kwalo ku-shuixian kukhona kuphela uphawu lweqoqo «[漳平水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhangping-shui-xian)茶» (2008); izimpawu zezifunda ezisenyakatho — iXiaohu, iWuyishan, iNanlu, iJianyang neJian'ou — zavela ngo-2017–2019.
    * **Namuhla.** Ngokwaleli phephandaba elifanayo, isikole saseningizimu ngaphansi kobuholi beZhangping eminyakeni yamuva "silinganisa nenyakatho": i-oxidation yenziwa inamandla kakhudlwana futhi kubhekwa kakhulu ukugazingwa, kugcinwa iphunga lezimbali.
* **Igama:**
    * «Yongchun» (永春) yigama lesifunda, "intwasahlobo yaphakade".
    * «Minnan» (闽南, *Mǐnnán*) — "eningizimu yeFujian"; uhlamvu 闽 luyigama elidala lesifundazwe.
    * «Shuixian» (水仙, *shuǐxiān*) yigama lohlobo, "ingcosana yamanzi"; kanjalo ngesiShayina kubizwa i-narcissus.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** "Fujian Daily" ibala iYongchun phakathi "kwezimbali ezinhlanu zegolide" ze-shuixian — kanye neJianyang, iJian'ou, iWuyishan neZhangping — futhi ibiza igatsha laseningizimu ngokuthi "isikole sobungcweti" (巧技派), kanti elisenyakatho — elokuqala (正统宗室).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo:** I-Shuixian (水仙), i-fujian shuixian. Ngokwe "Fujian Daily" (2025) — isihlahla esincane (小[乔木](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)型), esinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), sineqabunga eliwugqinsi elinonyama, elifaneleka ngokukhethekile i-oolong; i-triploid, isakazwa ngezinqumo nangezingqimba, imiqumbe iqala ukuhluma sekwephuzile. Ngo-1984 yamukelwa njengohlobo olusezingeni eliphezulu likahulumeni «华茶9号» (GSCT9).
* **Ungakudidi:** Ngokwaleli phephandaba elifanayo, i-Guangdong Fenghuang Shuixian — wuhlobo oluhlukile: i-diploid, inani lezinhlamvu zesikhathi sokuqala, «华茶17号».
* **Indinganiso yokukha:** Emafthini atholakele ayikachazwa uphawu. Indinganiso kazwelonke ye-oolong shuixian i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ibiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuthi iqabunga, umqumbe "omile" (驻芽) namahlumela athambile ohlobo — lesi yisidingo sesigaba, hhayi sophawu.
* **Isikhathi sokukha:** Azikho izikhathi emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** INingizimu Fujian, isifunda iYongchun ngaphansi kukamasipala waseQuanzhou.
* **Ukuphakama, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane yendawo yophawu emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukusatshalaliswa ngemikhando:** Ingxenye yemikhando ngayinye ekukhiqizeni inikezwa kuphela yisiza sezentengiso; lezi zinombolo angizidluliseli.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe ngokombhalo wophawu angizange ngibubone. Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa ziqhathanisa i-yongchun shuixian ne-wuyishan kanjena:

* **Ukomiswa elangeni ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing), *shàiqīng*):** Kulula kunaseWuyishan.
* **Ukunyakazisa (摇青, *yáoqīng*):** Kushintshaniswa nokuphola nokuphumula kweqabunga (摇晾结合), hhayi ukuphindwa kaningi ngokulandelana.
* **Ukusonta ngendwangu (包揉, *bāoróu*):** Kuyangezelelwa; ngokwe "Fujian Daily", yikho okuqonde ukuguqula ukusontwa okude kube okugobile, kucishe kube yindilinga.
* **Ukugazinga (烘焙, *hōngbèi*):** Kubhekwa ngokukhethekile.

Amapharamitha emithonjeni etholakele awekho. Ukulandelana okuvamile kwe-oolong shuixian indinganiso kazwelonke i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ikubeka kanjena: ukubuna okuphakathi (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), ukunyakazisa ne-oxidation (做青, *zuòqīng*), ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukusonta (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), ukomisa (烘干, *hōnggān*). Lesi yisikimu esivamile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu.

**6. Izici Zezwa:**

Izincazelo zomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele azikho. Ngezansi — incazelo yesikole saseningizimu ye-shuixian jikelele evela ku "Fujian Daily" (2025); iphathelene namatiye aseZhangping, eYongchun, eAnxi naseXianyou ndawonye, hhayi eyodwa yaseYongchun.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Ukusontwa okugobile, kucishe kube indilinga ngemva kokusontwa ngendwangu; umbala "oluhlaza okwesihlabathi, onamafutha" (砂绿油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokumnika:** Eliphezulu, elihlanzekile, lezimbali elincane — "njenge-orchid nanjenge-osmanthus" (清高锐逸的花香，如兰似桂); iphephandaba alicacisi ukuthi kukhulunywa ngephunga leqabunga elomile noma lokumnika.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okuvuselelayo, okumnandi nokugcwele, nokunambitheka kwangemva okude (鲜爽甘醇).
* **Umbala wokumnika:** Ophuzi osawolintshi, ogqamile (橙黄明亮).
* **Izindiza zetiye (iqabunga elithelelwe):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indinganiso i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ihlukanisa i-oolong shuixian ibe esontiwe (条形) necindezelwe (紧压形); umkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu uhlobene naluphi uhlobo, emithonjeni etholakele akushiwongo.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane yama-physicochemical yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuthelela:**

Inqubo yesigaba ye-oolong evela ezinhlobeni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yodaka.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Kushisisa izitsha bese kugezwa iqabunga kafushane.
    2. Ukuthelela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–30.
    3. Ngokuthelela ngakunye engeza isikhathi.
    4. Ukuthelela okuhlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Inqubo yesigaba. Evalwe kahle, endaweni eyomile epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle. Itiye lokugazinga okulula, njengoba iphephandaba lichaza isikole saseningizimu, kungcono ukuliphuza phakathi nonyaka, ngenkathi kusagcinwa iphunga lezimbali.

**11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:**

Ayikho imininingwanye ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Funani uphawu «永春闽南水仙» № 6655469 nomkhiqizi ovela esifundeni iYongchun.
    * Khumbulani ukuthi i-shuixian yigama lohlobo olumila kulo lonke elaseFujian; indawo iqinisekiswa wuphawu kuphela.
    * Ungakudidi neZhangping Shuixian: leyo icindezelwa ibe yizitini eziyisikwele, ezisongwe ngephepha.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Lolu hlobo lwafika eYongchun luvela enyakatho yesifundazwe, luvela eWuyishan, kanti indlela yokucubungula yaseYongchun yahlanganisa amasu asenyakatho naseningizimu.
* Uphawu lwaseYongchun ku-shuixian ludala ngeminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi kunezimpawu zezifunda ezisenyakatho, lapho kwavela khona lolu hlobo.
* Esifundeni esisodwa kuhlangana izimpawu ezimbili zesitifiketi zama-oolong — iYongchun Minnan Shuixian neYongchun Foshou, futhi zombili ziphethwe yinhlangano eyodwa.
* Iphephandaba libiza isikole saseningizimu ngokuthi "isikole sobungcweti", kanti esisenyakatho — ngokuthi esokuqala.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ohlobo lwe-shuixian:**

* **Zhangping Shuixian (漳平水仙):** Ummeleli oyinhloko wesikole saseningizimu: i-oolong yohlobo olufanayo, ecindezelwe ibe yizikwele.
* **Wuyi Yancha ([武夷岩茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuyi-yancha)):** I-Wuyishan shuixian — itiye lamadwala eligxile ekugazingweni; lapho, ngokwephephandaba, kwathathwa khona izithombo zaseYongchun.
* **Jian'ou Shuixian Cha ([建瓯水仙茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jian-ou-shuixian-cha)):** I-shuixian yasenyakatho "yesikole sokunambitheka kwakho" enokugontwa okuqinile okuminyene kwesikole sasenyakatho.
* **Jianyang Shuixian ([建阳水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jianyang-shuixian)):** Uphawu lwesifunda lapho kwatholakala khona lolu hlobo ngokwalo.
* **Fo Shou (佛手):** Enye i-oolong evikelwe yesifunda iYongchun, yohlobo oluhlukile.
* **Shuixian (水仙):** Isihloko sohlobo oluvamile lwenhlanganisela.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yongchun Minnan Shuixian — igatsha laseningizimu le-fujian shuixian: uhlobo oluvela enyakatho, olucutshungulwa ngendlela yaseningizimu, lune-oxidation elula, ukusontwa ngendwangu nephunga lezimbali. Uphawu luka-2009 lwaqinisa igama esifundeni ngaphambi kokuba izifunda ezisenyakatho ze-shuixian zithole izimpawu. Umbhalo owawungachaza umkhiqizo ngokwawo ngaphansi kophawu angizange ngiwuthole, ngakho isimo sawo sinikezwe ngencazelo yephephandaba yesikole saseningizimu jikelele.