---
title: "Yíshuǐ lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/yishui-lucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yíshuǐ lǜchá (沂水绿茶)

**I-Shui Lücha** (*Yíshuǐ lǜchá*, 沂水绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lase-Yishui County (沂水县) ngaphansi kukahulumeni wedolobha i-Linyi eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Shandong, emaphethelweni asenyakatho okulinywa kwetiye laseChina. Itiye lalethwa lapha lisuka eningizimu ngawo-1950–1960 ngaphansi komkhankaso othi «南茶北引» — «itiye laseningizimu — liya enyakatho»; isifunda esiyinhloko idolobhana i-Yuandongtou (院东头镇). Igama livikelwa kabili: njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (AGI00273, 2010) nanjengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngokwesimemezelo se-CNIPA № 646 (2025). Izidingo zokuvikelwa zichaza izimo ezimbili — ezisongekile neziphansi.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*) — ngokwegama nangokobuchwepheshe bezidingo zokuvikelwa, ngaphandle kokuxhuma nomoya nokufakwa emanzini.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho; izindlela ezimbili zokuvikelwa.
* **Izimo:** Ezisongekile neziphansi (扁形). Embhalweni we-CNIPA itiye elisongekile libizwa ngokuthi «老曲形茶», kanti eliphansi lichazwa ngokuthi «光扇平直»; ngokomqondo wencazelo (条索卷曲 — «imichilo esongekile») lokhu, ngokusobala, kungamaphutha okubhala esikhundleni sika-卷曲形 no-光扁平直.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shandong (山东, *Shāndōng*), uhulumeni wedolobha i-Linyi (临沂, *Línyí*), i-Yishui County (沂水, *Yíshuǐ*). Ngokwe-Shandong Geographical Indications Association (2020), enyakatho yesifunda kune-Yishan Mountain (沂山), entshonalanga kune-Mengshan (蒙山), empumalanga kune-Rizhao.
* **Umfakisicelo:** I-Yishui County High-Mountain Tea Professional Cooperative (沂水县[高山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gao-shan-cha)业专业合作社).
* **Indawo yokuvikelwa ye-CNIPA:** Amadolobhana angu-18, izigodi kanye namakomidi emigwaqo esifunda: i-Yuandongtou, i-Gaozhuang, i-Xiawei, i-Quanzhuang, i-Cuijiayu, i-Huangshanpu, i-Xujiahu, i-Sishilipu, i-Longjiaquan, i-Zhuge, i-Yicheng, i-Daotuo, i-Gaoqiao, i-Shagou, i-Quanli, i-Mazhan, i-Yangzhuang kanye ne-Fuguanzhuang.
* **Indawo yophawu lwe-AGI00273:** Ngokwesimemezelo soMnyango Wezolimo № 1366 (2010) — izigodi namadolobhana angu-19 esifunda ngokwehlukaniswa kwangaleso sikhathi, ngamakhodineti afanayo; ngokwenhlangano, indawo yawo yonke icishe ibe ngu-2434.8 km². Kulolu hlu kukhona idolobhana i-Yaodianzi (姚店子镇), elingekho ohlwini lwe-CNIPA.
* **Amakhodineti ezwe:** 118°13′–119°03′ empumalanga, 35°36′–36°03′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itiye enyakatho.** I-Shandong iyisifundazwe esisenyakatho impela sokulinywa kwetiye e-China; itiye lafika lapha sekwephuzile.
    * **1950–1960s.** Ngokwezincwadi ezikhuluma ngetiye (2024), izihlahla zaseningizimu ezakhula ezintabeni zakule ndawo, emashumini eminyaka, zathola isimo «sokuhlala endle» (半野生性). Ngokwenhlangano, e-Yuandongtou, isifunda esikhulu setiye esifundeni, kukhula izingadi ezingaphezu kuka-2000 mu zaleso sikhathi; izincazelo zika-2020 zibiza leli dolobhana ngokuthi liyisifunda sokuqala sokutshala esifundeni ngaphansi komkhankaso we-«南茶北引».
    * **2009–2010.** Ngokwenhlangano, ngo-2009 i-Yishui Lücha yadlula ekuhlolweni kwe-Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center; ukubhaliswa kwaqinisekiswa yisimemezelo sikahulumeni № 1366 (esasayinwa mhla zi-2 ku-April 2010), inombolo — i-AGI2010-03-00273, umfakisicelo — yileyo nhlangano yokubambisana yasezintabeni eziphakeme.
    * **2025.** Isimemezelo se-CNIPA № 646 esinezidingo zokuvikelwa, umugqa 159 ohlwini. Irejista ka-2026 iphawula uphawu njengolusanda kuqinisekiswa.
* **Izindondo:** Isiqu esithi «山东名牌» nomkhiqizo owaziwayo wesifundazwe, ngokwencazelo ka-2020, kungokophawu lokuhweba oluthi «蒙山龙雾» lwenkampani emele inhlangano yokubambisana engumfakisicelo, hhayi uphawu ngokwalo. I-Yishui Lücha ngokwayo incazelo ka-2020 iyibiza ngokuthi umkhiqizo wezolimo owaziwayo wase-Shandong.
* **Igama:** I-Yishui (沂水) — igama lesifunda, i-绿茶 — «itiye eliluhlaza»: indawo nesigaba, ngaphandle kohlobo nokuma.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Izincazelo zikwethula njenge «high-mountain green tea of inland Shandong» (山东内陆高山绿茶), olwenziwa ngesandla.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo / Imbewu:** Izidingo zibiza izinhlobo ezinoboya obuningi nehlumela elisindayo (多毫芽重型品种), uhlobo lwendawo lwase-Huangshan (黄山[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)) kanye nezinhlobo zochungechunge lwe-Fuding (福鼎系列). Ohlwini olufanayo kukhona o-«高山茶» no-«久抗»; ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo lezi, akucaci embhalweni.
* **Indawo:** Izindawo eziphakathi kwezintaba ezinokwehla okungaphansi kuka-15° kanye nemithambeka emincane enongqimba lomhlabathi olungaphezu kwe-1 m.
* **Izindlela zokulima:** Ukulima okujulile ehlobo, umquba omningi oyisisekelo, ukuchelela nokukhipha amanzi; ukutshala emiseleni ephansi kusukela ku-Qiufen (秋分) kuya ku-Lidong (立冬) noma kusukela ku-Yushui (雨水) kuya ku-Chunfen (春分); ukuthena kwakha indawo yokuvuna enkulu (低定短放，夏剪秋养).
* **Ukuvuna:** Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-April kuze kube cishe ngesikhathi sika-Guyu (谷雨) — ngeqabunga elithambile, elinamahlumela agcwele aqinile ([芽苞](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ya-bao)肥壮). Ukuthi mangaki amaqabunga okufanele athathwe nehlumela, akushiwongo.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulinywa:**

* **Isifunda:** INingizimu ye-Shandong, izintaba eziphakathi kwe-Yishan ne-Mengshan. Itiye lapha likhula emngceleni wokubekezelela ubusika balo mkhakha.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwenhlangano — indawo yezintaba engaphakathi cishe ku-36° enyakatho, lapho umehluko wokushisa kobusuku nemini kanye nokukhanya kuphakeme kunakwezinye izindawo zetiye zesifundazwe. I-Yuandongtou izungezwe izintaba nehlathi, isithwathwa sasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo asihlaseli kakhulu, izingadi zisezindaweni ezinelanga; ngokwenhlangano efanayo, ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo lapha kuqala cishe isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kunezinye izindawo zase-Shandong.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Azikho izinombolo eziqondile; izincazelo zikhuluma nje ngezingadi «ezisezintabeni eziphakeme».
* **Umhlabathi:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa — umhlabathi ojulile osagolide-ophuzi (金黄壤), i-pH 4.5–6.5.
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokwenhlangano (2020), amahektha ayi-1000 wezingadi namathani angama-400 etiye ngonyaka; unyaka wedatha awushiwongo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibeka uchungechunge oluthi «ukucutshungulwa kweqabunga elisha → ukumisa ukuxhuma komoya → ukuqondisa → ukubumba → ukomisa ebhodweni elicwebezelayo → ukuqeda ngesandla».

1.  **Ukucutshungulwa kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶处理, *xiānyè chǔlǐ*):** Ukuphola nomswakama ophezulu, ungqimba oluncane nokubekwa isikhathi eside — kuze kube yilapho iqabunga lithamba futhi liba mnyama.
2.  **Ukumisa ukuxhuma komoya (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa okuphezulu nokushiswa ngokushesha, kuze kungene kuwo wonke amazinga futhi ngokulinganayo. Ngemva kwalokho iqabunga liphola ngongqimba luka-2–4 cm imizuzu engu-15–20.
3.  **Ukuqondisa (理条, *lǐtiáo*):** Ngokushesha, ngenkathi iqabunga lipholile futhi lithambile; ukushisa okungaguquki cishe ku-40 °C nokucindezelwa kancane, ukwehla kwesisindo — 40–50 %.
4.  **Ukubumba (整形, *zhěngxíng*):** Cishe imizuzu engu-20 ebhodweni elinomsele (槽锅), kuze kube yilapho izihloko zamahlumela ziqina futhi zizwakala lapho zithintwa; ukwehla kwesisindo — 60 %.
5.  **Ukomisa ebhodweni elicwebezelayo (辉锅干燥, *huīguō gānzào*):** Ukuqedela ukomisa kuze kuphele futhi kuvuleke iphunga. Ukuphelela — iqabunga ligayeka phakathi kweminwe libe yimpuphu, umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %.
6.  **Ukuqeda ngesandla (手工精制, *shǒugōng jīngzhì*):** Ngomoya ovunguzayo noma ngesisefo soqalo kususwe izingcwecwe nezinto eziphukile, kuhlungwe uthuli, kupakishwe.

Uchungechunge lunye kuzimo zombili; ukuthi kuhluke kanjani ukucutshungulwa kwazo, akushiwongo.

**6. Izici Zokunambitheka:**

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa; isimo ngasinye sinochungechunge lwaso, kusukela ezinhlotsheni eziphezulu kuye kweziphansi.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Elisongekile — imichilo esongekile, eminyene, elinganayo; umbala kusukela ku-emerald (翠绿) kuya koluhlaza okotshani omnyama (墨绿), ngaphandle kwamaqabunga aphuzile noma aphukile. Eliphansi — libushelelezi, liyisicaba futhi liqondile; umbala kusukela koluhlaza othambile kuya koluhlaza ophuzi, olinganayo futhi ohlanzekile.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo ezitholakalayo emithonjeni.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Elisongekile — eliphakeme, kusukela ekastanjeni othambile (嫩栗香) kuya kokuhlanzekile. Eliphansi — iphunga le-kastani eligcwele (栗香浓郁), kusukela kokuthambile kuya kokuhlanzekile.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Elisongekile — eligcwele futhi lithambile (浓醇); eliphansi — lithambile futhi liminyene (醇厚); kokubili ngaphandle kokunambitheka okungafanele.
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Kokubili — kusukela koluhlaza othambile okhanyayo kuya koluhlaza ophuzi okhanyayo, ngaphandle kokudideka.
* **Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliselishisiwe):** Elisongekile — kusukela koluhlaza othambile okhanyayo kuya koluhlaza ophuzi okhanyayo; eliphansi — kusukela koluhlaza othambile okhanyayo kuya kokuphuzi okhanyayo.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zomzimba namakhemikhali:

| Isinkomba | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ama-amino acid | angabi ngaphansi kuka-8 % |
| I-caffeine | angabi ngaphansi kuka-3.0 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | angabi ngaphansi kuka-25 % |
| Izinto ezincibilika emanzini ezikhishwayo | angabi ngaphansi kuka-36 % |
| Umswakama wetiye eliphelele (ngobuchwepheshe) | ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 % |

Ama-polyphenol embhalweni we-CNIPA abhalwe ngephutha — «茶多酸» esikhundleni sika-茶多酚. Izinombolo zithathwe kusendlalelo sombhalo sesithasiselo, hhayi ekuhunyushweni kweskeni; kodwa izinga lama-amino acid liphezulu ngendlela engavamile, futhi angikwazanga ukulihlola nedokhumenti yesibili.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Azikho izibonakaliso eziqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ngetiye eliphansi — ingilazi; ngelisondekile — ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukuchithwa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuthela kabili noma kathathu okuphindaphindiwe.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Akukho datha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakalayo.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo: lunikezwa yi-CNIPA ngemva kokuhlola isicelo ngabaphathi besifundazwe sase-Shandong.
    * Hlola inombolo yophawu lwezolimo i-AGI00273.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Yishui County.
    * Itiye elisongekile — imichilo eminyene elinganayo; eliphansi — libushelelezi futhi liqondile; utshwala bungenakudideka.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Uhlu lwezindawo zezindlela ezimbili zokuvikelwa aluhambisani: esimemezelweni sika-2010 — izigodi namadolobhana angu-19, ku-CNIPA ngo-2025 — angu-18, futhi idolobhana i-Yaodianzi alikho ohlwini olusha.
* Umsebenzi wokugcina ngokwezidingo ukuqeda ngesandla; ukuphelela ngemva kokomiswa kuhlolwa ngeminwe: iqabunga kufanele ligayeke libe yimpuphu.
* Ukutshala itiye izidingo zikuvumela kabili ngonyaka: ekwindla, kusukela ku-Qiufen kuya ku-Lidong, nasekupheleni kobusika, kusukela ku-Yushui kuya ku-Chunfen.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza Ase-Shandong:**

* **Junan Lücha ([莒南绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/junan-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesinye isifunda se-Linyi, nalo elingumphumela womkhankaso we-«南茶北引».
* **Yimeng Yu Ya ([沂蒙玉芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yimeng-yu-ya)):** Itiye eliphansi lesifunda sase-Junan; ku-Yishui Lücha isimo esiphansi singesinye sezimbili kuphela.
* **Rizhao Lü Cha ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rizhao-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza elingasogwini le-Rizhao elingumakhelwane; i-Yishui Lücha ingeyasezintabeni neyangaphakathi.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Yishui Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zangaphakathi zase-Shandong, elikhule ezihlahleni ezalethwa zisuka eningizimu ngawo-1950–1960s. Izidingo zokuvikelwa zalo zinemininingwane: umhlabathi osagolide-ophuzi, ukuvuna kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-April, ukuqondisa ku-40 °C, «ibhodwe elicwebezelayo» nokuqeda ngesandla, izimo ezimbili ezinuka i-kastani notshwala obusuka koluhlaza othambile kuya koluhlaza ophuzi.